Home
Clinical Trials
NCT06480045

Usage Of Artificial Intelligence-Integrated Usg In Application of Pectoral Block In Mastectomies

Last Updated: 2024-06-28

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

Total Enrollment

70 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-11-05

Study Completion Date

2023-05-05

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

The investigator's goal in this study is to apply PECS II block, before starting surgery, by either conventional USG or artificial intelligence integrated USG to patients who will undergo mastectomy under general anesthesia to determine the effect of the block on hemodynamics and opioid consumption in the intraoperative period. Besides, the investigatorwanted to investigate the contribution of artificial intelligence integrated USG use in the success of a 4-year anesthesiology resident for imaging the injection site.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

After receiving the approval of the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Başkent University (KA21/353), 70 patients with ASA I-II, between the ages of 18-75, who were scheduled for mastectomy surgery were included in the study. A 4. year anesthesiology resident under the supervision of two senior anesthesiologists, performed a PECS II block with AI-integrated USG or conventional USG (Group AI-USG and Group USG) after randomization. Although the resident had no experience with pectoral blocks, she had experience with the use of USG and regional anesthesia related to other trunk-area and peripheral blocks. The block was performed after induction of general anesthesia. Patient data in terms of hemodynamic changes in the intraoperative period, opioid (remifentanil) consumption, and postoperatively hemodynamics, pain scores (VAS), postoperative opioid \[tramadol administered with a patient-controlled analgesia pump (PCA)\] and, if necessary, rescue analgesic agent (non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent) consumption were monitored in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU), and at postoperative 6., 12. and 24.hours.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Breast Neoplasms

Keywords

Explore important study keywords that can help with search, categorization, and topic discovery.

mastectomy pectoral nerve block USG artificial intelligence

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

70 patients with ASA I-II, between the ages of 18-75, who were scheduled for mastectomy surgery were included in the study. An anesthesiology resident under the supervision of senior anesthesiologist, performed a PECS II block with AI-integrated USG or conventional USG (Group AI-USG and Group USG) after randomization. Block was performed after induction of general anesthesia. Patient data in terms of hemodynamic changes in the intraoperative period, opioid consumption, and postoperatively hemodynamics, pain scores (VAS), postoperative opioid (tramadol administered with a patient-controlled analgesia pump) and, if necessary, rescue analgesic agent (non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent) consumption were monitored in the post-anesthesia care unit, and at postoperative 6., 12. and 24.hours.

Primary Study Purpose

OTHER

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Group AI-USG

performed a PECS II block with AI-integrated USG

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Performed PECS II block with AI integrated USG

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

A 4-year anesthesiology resident, under the supervision of two senior anesthesiologists, performed a PECS II block with AI-integrated USG.

Group USG

performed a PECS II block with conventional USG

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Performed PECS II block with conventional USG

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

A 4-year anesthesiology resident, under the supervision of two senior anesthesiologists, performed a PECS II block with conventional USG.

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Performed PECS II block with AI integrated USG

A 4-year anesthesiology resident, under the supervision of two senior anesthesiologists, performed a PECS II block with AI-integrated USG.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Performed PECS II block with conventional USG

A 4-year anesthesiology resident, under the supervision of two senior anesthesiologists, performed a PECS II block with conventional USG.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* 18-70 years
* ASA I and II
* Female
* Underwent mastectomy surgery
* Without local anesthetic allergy

Exclusion Criteria

* Patients with ASA III and above
* Obesity (body mass index \>30)
* Psychotropic drug use
* Bleeding diathesis
* Local anesthetic allergy
* Chest wall deformity
* Infection at the injection site
* Chronic analgesic usage

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

70 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Çağla Yazar, MD

Principal investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Elvin Kesimci

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Baskent University

Çağla Yazar

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Baskent University

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

Çağla Yazar, MD

Antalya, , Turkey (Türkiye)

Site Status

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

Turkey (Türkiye)

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

Szamborski M, Janc J, Rosinczuk J, Janc JJ, Lesnik P, Lysenko L. Use of Ultrasound-Guided Interfascial Plane Blocks in Anterior and Lateral Thoracic Wall Region as Safe Method for Patient Anesthesia and Analgesia: Review of Techniques and Approaches during COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jul 17;19(14):8696. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19148696.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 35886547 (View on PubMed)

Kumar S, Goel D, Sharma SK, Ahmad S, Dwivedi P, Deo N, Rani R. A randomised controlled study of the post-operative analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided pectoral nerve block in the first 24 h after modified radical mastectomy. Indian J Anaesth. 2018 Jun;62(6):436-442. doi: 10.4103/ija.IJA_523_17.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 29962525 (View on PubMed)

Jindal R, Meena S, Bhati S, Patel P, Gulati C, Singh S. Postoperative Analgesic Efficacy of Intraoperative Pectoral Nerve Block for Modified Radical Mastectomy: a Double-Blind Prospective Randomised Interventional Study. Indian J Surg Oncol. 2023 Mar;14(1):215-221. doi: 10.1007/s13193-022-01680-x. Epub 2022 Nov 14.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 36891452 (View on PubMed)

Cesur S, Aksu C, Guler SA, Kus A. Modified pectoral nerve block versus bi-level erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia after radical mastectomy surgery: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2023 Aug;76(4):317-325. doi: 10.4097/kja.22188. Epub 2023 Mar 14.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 36916186 (View on PubMed)

Momenimovahed Z, Salehiniya H. Epidemiological characteristics of and risk factors for breast cancer in the world. Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press). 2019 Apr 10;11:151-164. doi: 10.2147/BCTT.S176070. eCollection 2019.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 31040712 (View on PubMed)

Bashandy GM, Abbas DN. Pectoral nerves I and II blocks in multimodal analgesia for breast cancer surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2015 Jan-Feb;40(1):68-74. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000163.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 25376971 (View on PubMed)

Bartakke DAA, Varma DMK. Analgesia for breast surgery - A Brief Overview. Medicine. 2019;7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Blanco R. The 'pecs block': a novel technique for providing analgesia after breast surgery. Anaesthesia. 2011 Sep;66(9):847-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06838.x. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 21831090 (View on PubMed)

Bakeer AH, Kamel KM, Abdelgalil AS, Ghoneim AA, Abouel Soud AH, Hassan ME. Modified Pectoral Nerve Block versus Serratus Block for Analgesia Following Modified Radical Mastectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pain Res. 2020 Jul 14;13:1769-1775. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S252539. eCollection 2020.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 32765052 (View on PubMed)

Karaca O, Pinar HU, Arpaci E, Dogan R, Cok OY, Ahiskalioglu A. The efficacy of ultrasound-guided type-I and type-II pectoral nerve blocks for postoperative analgesia after breast augmentation: A prospective, randomised study. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2019 Feb;38(1):47-52. doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2018.03.009. Epub 2018 Apr 5.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 29627431 (View on PubMed)

la Grange P, Foster PA, Pretorius LK. Application of the Doppler ultrasound bloodflow detector in supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Br J Anaesth. 1978 Sep;50(9):965-7. doi: 10.1093/bja/50.9.965.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 708565 (View on PubMed)

Blanco R, Fajardo M, Parras Maldonado T. Ultrasound description of Pecs II (modified Pecs I): a novel approach to breast surgery. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2012 Nov;59(9):470-5. doi: 10.1016/j.redar.2012.07.003. Epub 2012 Aug 29.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 22939099 (View on PubMed)

Kuş A. Pektoral blok derleme. Türkiye Klinikleri Anesteziyoloji Reanimasyon - Özel Konular. 2015;8(3):74-7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Sites BD, Chan VW, Neal JM, Weller R, Grau T, Koscielniak-Nielsen ZJ, Ivani G; American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine; European Society Of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy Joint Committee. The American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine and the European Society Of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy Joint Committee recommendations for education and training in ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009 Jan-Feb;34(1):40-6. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e3181926779.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 19258987 (View on PubMed)

Akkus Z, Cai J, Boonrod A, Zeinoddini A, Weston AD, Philbrick KA, Erickson BJ. A Survey of Deep-Learning Applications in Ultrasound: Artificial Intelligence-Powered Ultrasound for Improving Clinical Workflow. J Am Coll Radiol. 2019 Sep;16(9 Pt B):1318-1328. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2019.06.004.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 31492410 (View on PubMed)

Bowness J, Varsou O, Turbitt L, Burkett-St Laurent D. Identifying anatomical structures on ultrasound: assistive artificial intelligence in ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia. Clin Anat. 2021 Jul;34(5):802-809. doi: 10.1002/ca.23742. Epub 2021 May 11.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 33904628 (View on PubMed)

Gungor I, Gunaydin B, Oktar SO, M Buyukgebiz B, Bagcaz S, Ozdemir MG, Inan G. A real-time anatomy identification via tool based on artificial intelligence for ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block procedures: an accuracy study. J Anesth. 2021 Aug;35(4):591-594. doi: 10.1007/s00540-021-02947-3. Epub 2021 May 19.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 34008072 (View on PubMed)

Bowness J, El-Boghdadly K, Burckett-St Laurent D. Artificial intelligence for image interpretation in ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia. Anaesthesia. 2021 May;76(5):602-607. doi: 10.1111/anae.15212. Epub 2020 Jul 29. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 32726498 (View on PubMed)

FitzGerald S, Odor PM, Barron A, Pawa A. Breast surgery and regional anaesthesia. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2019 Mar;33(1):95-110. doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2019.03.003. Epub 2019 Apr 6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 31272657 (View on PubMed)

Hadzic A. Hadzic's Textbook of Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management. 2nd edition. New York: McGraw Hill / Medical; 2017. 1536 p.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Jacobs A, Lemoine A, Joshi GP, Van de Velde M, Bonnet F; PROSPECT Working Group collaborators#. PROSPECT guideline for oncological breast surgery: a systematic review and procedure-specific postoperative pain management recommendations. Anaesthesia. 2020 May;75(5):664-673. doi: 10.1111/anae.14964. Epub 2020 Jan 26.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 31984479 (View on PubMed)

Helander EM, Webb MP, Kendrick J, Montet T, Kaye AJ, Cornett EM, Kaye AD. PECS, serratus plane, erector spinae, and paravertebral blocks: A comprehensive review. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2019 Dec;33(4):573-581. doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2019.07.003. Epub 2019 Jul 17.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 31791572 (View on PubMed)

Elsharkawy H, Pawa A, Mariano ER. Interfascial Plane Blocks: Back to Basics. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018 May;43(4):341-346. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000750.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 29561295 (View on PubMed)

Warfield DJ Jr, Barre S, Adhikary SD. Current understanding of the fascial plane blocks for analgesia of the chest wall: techniques and indications update for 2020. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2020 Oct;33(5):692-697. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000909.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 32826623 (View on PubMed)

Lopez-Rincon RM, Hendrix JM, Kumar V. Ultrasound-Guided Intercostal Nerve Block. 2023 Jul 19. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555900/

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 32310360 (View on PubMed)

Blanco R, Parras T, McDonnell JG, Prats-Galino A. Serratus plane block: a novel ultrasound-guided thoracic wall nerve block. Anaesthesia. 2013 Nov;68(11):1107-13. doi: 10.1111/anae.12344. Epub 2013 Aug 7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 23923989 (View on PubMed)

Hinchcliff KM, Hylton JR, Orbay H, Wong MS. Intraoperative Placement of Pectoral Nerve Block Catheters: Description of a Novel Technique and Review of the Literature. Ann Plast Surg. 2017 May;78(5 Suppl 4):S189-S193. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000000954.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 28118226 (View on PubMed)

Khemka R, Chakraborty A. Ultrasound-guided modified serratus anterior plane block for perioperative analgesia in breast oncoplastic surgery: A case series. Indian J Anaesth. 2019 Mar;63(3):231-234. doi: 10.4103/ija.IJA_752_18.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 30988539 (View on PubMed)

Afonso AM, Newman MI, Seeley N, Hutchins J, Smith KL, Mena G, Selber JC, Saint-Cyr MH, Gadsden JC. Multimodal Analgesia in Breast Surgical Procedures: Technical and Pharmacological Considerations for Liposomal Bupivacaine Use. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2017 Sep 15;5(9):e1480. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000001480. eCollection 2017 Sep.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 29062649 (View on PubMed)

Maheshwari K, Cywinski JB, Papay F, Khanna AK, Mathur P. Artificial Intelligence for Perioperative Medicine: Perioperative Intelligence. Anesth Analg. 2023 Apr 1;136(4):637-645. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005952. Epub 2023 Mar 16.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 35203086 (View on PubMed)

Hashimoto DA, Rosman G, Rus D, Meireles OR. Artificial Intelligence in Surgery: Promises and Perils. Ann Surg. 2018 Jul;268(1):70-76. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002693.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 29389679 (View on PubMed)

Nathan N. Perioperative Artificial Intelligence. Anesth Analg. 2023 Apr 1;136(4):636. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000006427. Epub 2023 Mar 16. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 36928148 (View on PubMed)

Morse J, Terrasini N, Wehbe M, Philippona C, Zaouter C, Cyr S, Hemmerling TM. Comparison of success rates, learning curves, and inter-subject performance variability of robot-assisted and manual ultrasound-guided nerve block needle guidance in simulation. Br J Anaesth. 2014 Jun;112(6):1092-7. doi: 10.1093/bja/aet440. Epub 2014 Jan 23.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 24464610 (View on PubMed)

Bowness JS, El-Boghdadly K, Woodworth G, Noble JA, Higham H, Burckett-St Laurent D. Exploring the utility of assistive artificial intelligence for ultrasound scanning in regional anesthesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2022 Jun;47(6):375-379. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2021-103368. Epub 2022 Jan 28.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 35091395 (View on PubMed)

Kocer Tulgar Y, Tulgar S, Guven Kose S, Kose HC, Cevik Nasirlier G, Dogan M, Thomas DT. Anesthesiologists' Perspective on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anaesthesia in Terms of Medical Ethics and Medical Education: A Survey Study. Eurasian J Med. 2023 Jun;55(2):146-151. doi: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2023.22254.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

PMID: 37161553 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

KA21/353

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

Usage Of Artificial Intelligence-Integrated Usg In Application of Pectoral Block In Mastectomies

Study Results

Basic Information

Brief Summary

Detailed Description

Conditions

Keywords

Study Design

Study Groups

Group AI-USG

Performed PECS II block with AI integrated USG

Group USG

Performed PECS II block with conventional USG

Interventions

Performed PECS II block with AI integrated USG

Performed PECS II block with conventional USG

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Sponsors

Baskent University

Responsible Party

Çağla Yazar, MD

Principal Investigators

Elvin Kesimci

Çağla Yazar

Locations

Çağla Yazar, MD

Countries

References

Kumar S, Goel D, Sharma SK, Ahmad S, Dwivedi P, Deo N, Rani R. A randomised controlled study of the post-operative analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided pectoral nerve block in the first 24 h after modified radical mastectomy. Indian J Anaesth. 2018 Jun;62(6):436-442. doi: 10.4103/ija.IJA_523_17.

Momenimovahed Z, Salehiniya H. Epidemiological characteristics of and risk factors for breast cancer in the world. Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press). 2019 Apr 10;11:151-164. doi: 10.2147/BCTT.S176070. eCollection 2019.

Bashandy GM, Abbas DN. Pectoral nerves I and II blocks in multimodal analgesia for breast cancer surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2015 Jan-Feb;40(1):68-74. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000163.

Bartakke DAA, Varma DMK. Analgesia for breast surgery - A Brief Overview. Medicine. 2019;7.

Blanco R. The 'pecs block': a novel technique for providing analgesia after breast surgery. Anaesthesia. 2011 Sep;66(9):847-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06838.x. No abstract available.

Bakeer AH, Kamel KM, Abdelgalil AS, Ghoneim AA, Abouel Soud AH, Hassan ME. Modified Pectoral Nerve Block versus Serratus Block for Analgesia Following Modified Radical Mastectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pain Res. 2020 Jul 14;13:1769-1775. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S252539. eCollection 2020.

la Grange P, Foster PA, Pretorius LK. Application of the Doppler ultrasound bloodflow detector in supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Br J Anaesth. 1978 Sep;50(9):965-7. doi: 10.1093/bja/50.9.965.

Blanco R, Fajardo M, Parras Maldonado T. Ultrasound description of Pecs II (modified Pecs I): a novel approach to breast surgery. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2012 Nov;59(9):470-5. doi: 10.1016/j.redar.2012.07.003. Epub 2012 Aug 29.

Kuş A. Pektoral blok derleme. Türkiye Klinikleri Anesteziyoloji Reanimasyon - Özel Konular. 2015;8(3):74-7.

Akkus Z, Cai J, Boonrod A, Zeinoddini A, Weston AD, Philbrick KA, Erickson BJ. A Survey of Deep-Learning Applications in Ultrasound: Artificial Intelligence-Powered Ultrasound for Improving Clinical Workflow. J Am Coll Radiol. 2019 Sep;16(9 Pt B):1318-1328. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2019.06.004.

Bowness J, Varsou O, Turbitt L, Burkett-St Laurent D. Identifying anatomical structures on ultrasound: assistive artificial intelligence in ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia. Clin Anat. 2021 Jul;34(5):802-809. doi: 10.1002/ca.23742. Epub 2021 May 11.

Bowness J, El-Boghdadly K, Burckett-St Laurent D. Artificial intelligence for image interpretation in ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia. Anaesthesia. 2021 May;76(5):602-607. doi: 10.1111/anae.15212. Epub 2020 Jul 29. No abstract available.

FitzGerald S, Odor PM, Barron A, Pawa A. Breast surgery and regional anaesthesia. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2019 Mar;33(1):95-110. doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2019.03.003. Epub 2019 Apr 6.

Hadzic A. Hadzic's Textbook of Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management. 2nd edition. New York: McGraw Hill / Medical; 2017. 1536 p.

Helander EM, Webb MP, Kendrick J, Montet T, Kaye AJ, Cornett EM, Kaye AD. PECS, serratus plane, erector spinae, and paravertebral blocks: A comprehensive review. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2019 Dec;33(4):573-581. doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2019.07.003. Epub 2019 Jul 17.

Elsharkawy H, Pawa A, Mariano ER. Interfascial Plane Blocks: Back to Basics. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018 May;43(4):341-346. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000750.

Warfield DJ Jr, Barre S, Adhikary SD. Current understanding of the fascial plane blocks for analgesia of the chest wall: techniques and indications update for 2020. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2020 Oct;33(5):692-697. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000909.

Lopez-Rincon RM, Hendrix JM, Kumar V. Ultrasound-Guided Intercostal Nerve Block. 2023 Jul 19. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555900/

Blanco R, Parras T, McDonnell JG, Prats-Galino A. Serratus plane block: a novel ultrasound-guided thoracic wall nerve block. Anaesthesia. 2013 Nov;68(11):1107-13. doi: 10.1111/anae.12344. Epub 2013 Aug 7.

Hinchcliff KM, Hylton JR, Orbay H, Wong MS. Intraoperative Placement of Pectoral Nerve Block Catheters: Description of a Novel Technique and Review of the Literature. Ann Plast Surg. 2017 May;78(5 Suppl 4):S189-S193. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000000954.

Khemka R, Chakraborty A. Ultrasound-guided modified serratus anterior plane block for perioperative analgesia in breast oncoplastic surgery: A case series. Indian J Anaesth. 2019 Mar;63(3):231-234. doi: 10.4103/ija.IJA_752_18.

Maheshwari K, Cywinski JB, Papay F, Khanna AK, Mathur P. Artificial Intelligence for Perioperative Medicine: Perioperative Intelligence. Anesth Analg. 2023 Apr 1;136(4):637-645. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005952. Epub 2023 Mar 16.

Hashimoto DA, Rosman G, Rus D, Meireles OR. Artificial Intelligence in Surgery: Promises and Perils. Ann Surg. 2018 Jul;268(1):70-76. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002693.

Nathan N. Perioperative Artificial Intelligence. Anesth Analg. 2023 Apr 1;136(4):636. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000006427. Epub 2023 Mar 16. No abstract available.

Bowness JS, El-Boghdadly K, Woodworth G, Noble JA, Higham H, Burckett-St Laurent D. Exploring the utility of assistive artificial intelligence for ultrasound scanning in regional anesthesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2022 Jun;47(6):375-379. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2021-103368. Epub 2022 Jan 28.

Other Identifiers

KA21/353