Trial Outcomes & Findings for Virtual Reality Treatment for Emerging Adults With ADHD (NCT NCT06454604)
NCT ID: NCT06454604
Last Updated: 2026-01-02
Results Overview
Percentage of time on-task during each study session utilizing the Objective On-Task Assessment algorithmic mouse and keyboard click data. There are no subscales in this measure. Percentages below are for sessions 1-2 (T1) and 3-12 (T2). Participants had 2 weeks to complete sessions 1-7 and a 3rd week to complete the last 5 sessions (sessions 8-12), equaling 12 sessions within 3 weeks. The 1-7 and 8-12 time points were only for compensation/motivational purposes (payment after sessions 1-7 and after 8-12) and were not outcome measurement time points. Sessions 1+2 are combined for a time point because participants did not wear headsets for those two sessions, which we considered 'baseline,' giving us a base focus score before participants put on a headset. Participants wore the headsets for sessions 3-12. Percentages below were averaged for each time point. T1 is an average of session 1+2's percentages. T2 is an average of sessions 3-12's percentages.
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
PHASE3
Target enrollment
60 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
Participants had 2 weeks to complete sessions 1-7 and a 3rd week to complete the last 5 sessions, equaling 12 sessions within 3 weeks.
Results posted on
2026-01-02
Participant Flow
We ask the participants their current ADHD medication status because we block randomize based on if they are taking medication or not, to ensure groups are well-balanced between taking medication and not taking medication.
Participant milestones
| Measure |
VR Passthrough
Participants in this condition wear the same VR headset as participants in the in the other arms. However, they see directly through to their laptop and are not emersed in the virtual world.
Meta Quest 3 VR Headset with noise cancelling headphones: Wearing the headset and headphones removes all outside audio and visual distractions. One of the groups receives frequent and consistent feedback about work productivity similar to behavioral interventions for ADHD.
|
Virtual Reality
Participants in this condition wear the virtual reality headset. They are emersed in a virtual world that looks like a cabin room with windows. They are sitting at a desk and can see their laptop screen as part of the virtual world.
Meta Quest 3 VR Headset with noise cancelling headphones: Wearing the headset and headphones removes all outside audio and visual distractions. One of the groups receives frequent and consistent feedback about work productivity similar to behavioral interventions for ADHD.
|
Virtual Reality + Feedback
Participants in this condition wear the virtual reality headset. They are emersed in a virtual world that looks like a cabin room with windows. They are sitting at a desk and can see their laptop screen as part of the virtual world. The program tracks their keyboard and mouse click data to assess how consistently they are working. A stoplight in the virtual environment is green when they are working consistently and turns red when the not.
Meta Quest 3 VR Headset with noise cancelling headphones: Wearing the headset and headphones removes all outside audio and visual distractions. One of the groups receives frequent and consistent feedback about work productivity similar to behavioral interventions for ADHD.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
22
|
18
|
20
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
16
|
16
|
17
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
6
|
2
|
3
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
The number of participants analyzed from the overall number is different because participants only complete the whole C-SSR if they answer 'yes' to question #2 - "Have you actually had any thoughts of killing yourself." If they answer yes, they are brought to 4 more questions which is totaled for the score reported. Those 4 other questions are about actual suicide attempts, which we wouldn't ask about if a participant did not think about suicide in the first place.
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
VR Passthrough
n=22 Participants
Participants in this condition wear the same VR headset as participants in the in the other arms. However, they see directly through to their laptop and are not emersed in the virtual world.
Meta Quest 3 VR Headset with noise cancelling headphones: Wearing the headset and headphones removes all outside audio and visual distractions. One of the groups receives frequent and consistent feedback about work productivity similar to behavioral interventions for ADHD.
|
Virtual Reality
n=18 Participants
Participants in this condition wear the virtual reality headset. They are emersed in a virtual world that looks like a cabin room with windows. They are sitting at a desk and can see their laptop screen as part of the virtual world.
Meta Quest 3 VR Headset with noise cancelling headphones: Wearing the headset and headphones removes all outside audio and visual distractions. One of the groups receives frequent and consistent feedback about work productivity similar to behavioral interventions for ADHD.
|
Virtual Reality + Feedback
n=20 Participants
Participants in this condition wear the virtual reality headset. They are emersed in a virtual world that looks like a cabin room with windows. They are sitting at a desk and can see their laptop screen as part of the virtual world. The program tracks their keyboard and mouse click data to assess how consistently they are working. A stoplight in the virtual environment is green when they are working consistently and turns red when the not.
Meta Quest 3 VR Headset with noise cancelling headphones: Wearing the headset and headphones removes all outside audio and visual distractions. One of the groups receives frequent and consistent feedback about work productivity similar to behavioral interventions for ADHD.
|
Total
n=60 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
|
0 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=18 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=60 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
|
22 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
18 Participants
n=18 Participants
|
20 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
60 Participants
n=60 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
|
0 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=18 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=60 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
15 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
14 Participants
n=18 Participants
|
11 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
40 Participants
n=60 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
7 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=18 Participants
|
9 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
20 Participants
n=60 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
|
2 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=18 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
10 Participants
n=60 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
|
20 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
16 Participants
n=18 Participants
|
14 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
50 Participants
n=60 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=18 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=60 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
0 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=18 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=60 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
4 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=18 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
9 Participants
n=60 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
0 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=18 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=60 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
3 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=18 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=60 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
15 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
11 Participants
n=18 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
38 Participants
n=60 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
0 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=18 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=60 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=18 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=60 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
22 Participants
n=22 Participants
|
18 Participants
n=18 Participants
|
20 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
60 Participants
n=60 Participants
|
|
The Barkley Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale-IV Self-Report
Current Inattention Symptom Count (A)
|
7.27 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.12 • n=22 Participants
|
7.50 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.58 • n=18 Participants
|
7.15 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.42 • n=20 Participants
|
7.30 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.36 • n=60 Participants
|
|
The Barkley Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale-IV Self-Report
Current Inattention Total Rating Score (B)
|
19.59 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.72 • n=22 Participants
|
20.44 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.67 • n=18 Participants
|
19.80 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.81 • n=20 Participants
|
19.91 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.69 • n=60 Participants
|
|
The Barkley Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale-IV Self-Report
Current Hyperactive Symptom Count (C)
|
5.05 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.96 • n=22 Participants
|
4.94 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.73 • n=18 Participants
|
5.75 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.55 • n=20 Participants
|
5.25 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.10 • n=60 Participants
|
|
The Barkley Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale-IV Self-Report
Current Hyperactive Total Rating Score (D)
|
15.36 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.28 • n=22 Participants
|
15.89 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.06 • n=18 Participants
|
16.85 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.51 • n=20 Participants
|
16.02 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.63 • n=60 Participants
|
|
The Barkley Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale-IV Self-Report
Current Total ADHD Symptom Count (E)
|
18.32 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.77 • n=22 Participants
|
18.44 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.14 • n=18 Participants
|
18.35 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.50 • n=20 Participants
|
18.37 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.78 • n=60 Participants
|
|
The Barkley Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale-IV Self-Report
Current Total ADHD Rating Score (F)
|
52.09 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.98 • n=22 Participants
|
53.72 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.90 • n=18 Participants
|
52.60 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.67 • n=20 Participants
|
52.75 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.39 • n=60 Participants
|
|
The Barkley Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale-IV Self-Report
Past Inattention Symptom Count (G)
|
7.32 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.19 • n=22 Participants
|
7.33 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.94 • n=18 Participants
|
7.05 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.64 • n=20 Participants
|
7.23 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.92 • n=60 Participants
|
|
The Barkley Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale-IV Self-Report
Past inattention Total Rating Score (H)
|
19.91 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.77 • n=22 Participants
|
20.28 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.55 • n=18 Participants
|
19.95 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.62 • n=20 Participants
|
20.03 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.97 • n=60 Participants
|
|
The Barkley Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale-IV Self-Report
Past hyperactive/impulsive Symptom Count (I)
|
6.14 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.29 • n=22 Participants
|
5.17 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.00 • n=18 Participants
|
6.55 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.82 • n=20 Participants
|
5.98 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.42 • n=60 Participants
|
|
The Barkley Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale-IV Self-Report
Past Hyper/Impulsive Total Rating Score (J)
|
17.50 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.69 • n=22 Participants
|
15.78 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.11 • n=18 Participants
|
19.30 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.40 • n=20 Participants
|
17.58 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.86 • n=60 Participants
|
|
The Barkley Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale-IV Self-Report
Past Total Adhd Symptom Count (K)
|
13.45 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.49 • n=22 Participants
|
12.50 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.44 • n=18 Participants
|
13.60 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.14 • n=20 Participants
|
13.22 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.66 • n=60 Participants
|
|
The Barkley Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale-IV Self-Report
Past Total ADHD Rating Score (L)
|
37.41 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.00 • n=22 Participants
|
36.06 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.71 • n=18 Participants
|
39.25 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.89 • n=20 Participants
|
37.62 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.50 • n=60 Participants
|
|
Adult Concentration Index (ACI)
ACI Symptom Count
|
5.91 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.06 • n=22 Participants
|
5.94 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.30 • n=18 Participants
|
6.35 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .81 • n=20 Participants
|
6.07 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.07 • n=60 Participants
|
|
Adult Concentration Index (ACI)
ACI Total Score
|
16.05 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.09 • n=22 Participants
|
16.61 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.76 • n=18 Participants
|
17.65 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.74 • n=20 Participants
|
16.75 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.22 • n=60 Participants
|
|
General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)
|
12.55 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.31 • n=22 Participants
|
10.11 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.57 • n=18 Participants
|
11.25 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.89 • n=20 Participants
|
11.38 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.64 • n=60 Participants
|
|
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)
|
12.00 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.90 • n=22 Participants
|
9.83 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.86 • n=18 Participants
|
9.85 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.08 • n=20 Participants
|
10.63 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.32 • n=60 Participants
|
|
Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)
|
3.14 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.77 • n=7 Participants • The number of participants analyzed from the overall number is different because participants only complete the whole C-SSR if they answer 'yes' to question #2 - "Have you actually had any thoughts of killing yourself." If they answer yes, they are brought to 4 more questions which is totaled for the score reported. Those 4 other questions are about actual suicide attempts, which we wouldn't ask about if a participant did not think about suicide in the first place.
|
3.25 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.26 • n=4 Participants • The number of participants analyzed from the overall number is different because participants only complete the whole C-SSR if they answer 'yes' to question #2 - "Have you actually had any thoughts of killing yourself." If they answer yes, they are brought to 4 more questions which is totaled for the score reported. Those 4 other questions are about actual suicide attempts, which we wouldn't ask about if a participant did not think about suicide in the first place.
|
4.0 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.00 • n=3 Participants • The number of participants analyzed from the overall number is different because participants only complete the whole C-SSR if they answer 'yes' to question #2 - "Have you actually had any thoughts of killing yourself." If they answer yes, they are brought to 4 more questions which is totaled for the score reported. Those 4 other questions are about actual suicide attempts, which we wouldn't ask about if a participant did not think about suicide in the first place.
|
3.36 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.45 • n=14 Participants • The number of participants analyzed from the overall number is different because participants only complete the whole C-SSR if they answer 'yes' to question #2 - "Have you actually had any thoughts of killing yourself." If they answer yes, they are brought to 4 more questions which is totaled for the score reported. Those 4 other questions are about actual suicide attempts, which we wouldn't ask about if a participant did not think about suicide in the first place.
|
|
Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS-Short Form)
BDEFs Symptom Count
|
17.55 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.69 • n=22 Participants
|
17.28 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.01 • n=18 Participants
|
17.35 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.37 • n=20 Participants
|
17.40 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.64 • n=60 Participants
|
|
Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS-Short Form)
BDEFs Total Rating Score
|
53.82 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.63 • n=22 Participants
|
55.67 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.50 • n=18 Participants
|
56.3 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.15 • n=20 Participants
|
55.20 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.70 • n=60 Participants
|
|
Barkley Functional Impairment Scale (BFIS)
|
4.91 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.52 • n=22 Participants
|
4.62 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.75 • n=18 Participants
|
4.42 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.00 • n=20 Participants
|
4.66 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.74 • n=60 Participants
|
|
Baseline Homework Motivation Index
|
19.55 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.24 • n=22 Participants
|
20.17 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.49 • n=18 Participants
|
19.85 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.22 • n=20 Participants
|
19.83 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.95 • n=60 Participants
|
|
Baseline Homework Effort Index
|
17.09 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.83 • n=22 Participants
|
16.50 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.62 • n=18 Participants
|
15.80 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.53 • n=20 Participants
|
16.48 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.27 • n=60 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Participants had 2 weeks to complete sessions 1-7 and a 3rd week to complete the last 5 sessions, equaling 12 sessions within 3 weeks.Population: Number of participants analyzed differs between the overall number analyzed as some participants did not complete enough sessions or the sessions were faulty, and they were excluded from this measure. The number analyzed here is even less than the other outcome measures as it is easier to get measure information through surveys if a session is faulty, over the whole focus algorithm, which doesn't capture information if there are glitches in the virtual reality system.
Percentage of time on-task during each study session utilizing the Objective On-Task Assessment algorithmic mouse and keyboard click data. There are no subscales in this measure. Percentages below are for sessions 1-2 (T1) and 3-12 (T2). Participants had 2 weeks to complete sessions 1-7 and a 3rd week to complete the last 5 sessions (sessions 8-12), equaling 12 sessions within 3 weeks. The 1-7 and 8-12 time points were only for compensation/motivational purposes (payment after sessions 1-7 and after 8-12) and were not outcome measurement time points. Sessions 1+2 are combined for a time point because participants did not wear headsets for those two sessions, which we considered 'baseline,' giving us a base focus score before participants put on a headset. Participants wore the headsets for sessions 3-12. Percentages below were averaged for each time point. T1 is an average of session 1+2's percentages. T2 is an average of sessions 3-12's percentages.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
VR Passthrough
n=22 Participants
Participants in this condition wear the same VR headset as participants in the in the other arms. However, they see directly through to their laptop and are not emersed in the virtual world.
Meta Quest 3 VR Headset with noise cancelling headphones: Wearing the headset and headphones removes all outside audio and visual distractions. One of the groups receives frequent and consistent feedback about work productivity similar to behavioral interventions for ADHD.
|
Virtual Reality
n=18 Participants
Participants in this condition wear the virtual reality headset. They are emersed in a virtual world that looks like a cabin room with windows. They are sitting at a desk and can see their laptop screen as part of the virtual world.
Meta Quest 3 VR Headset with noise cancelling headphones: Wearing the headset and headphones removes all outside audio and visual distractions. One of the groups receives frequent and consistent feedback about work productivity similar to behavioral interventions for ADHD.
|
Virtual Reality + Feedback
n=20 Participants
Participants in this condition wear the virtual reality headset. They are emersed in a virtual world that looks like a cabin room with windows. They are sitting at a desk and can see their laptop screen as part of the virtual world. The program tracks their keyboard and mouse click data to assess how consistently they are working. A stoplight in the virtual environment is green when they are working consistently and turns red when the not.
Meta Quest 3 VR Headset with noise cancelling headphones: Wearing the headset and headphones removes all outside audio and visual distractions. One of the groups receives frequent and consistent feedback about work productivity similar to behavioral interventions for ADHD.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Objective On-Task Assessment Algorithm
Sessions 1+2 (T1)(Baseline)
|
.86 percentage of time focused
Standard Deviation .21
|
.62 percentage of time focused
Standard Deviation .35
|
.83 percentage of time focused
Standard Deviation .27
|
|
Objective On-Task Assessment Algorithm
Sessions 3-12 (T2)
|
.83 percentage of time focused
Standard Deviation .04
|
.85 percentage of time focused
Standard Deviation .06
|
.95 percentage of time focused
Standard Deviation .01
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Participants had 2 weeks to complete sessions 1-7, a 3rd week to complete the last 5 sessions (sessions 8-12), equaling 12 sessions within 3 weeks.The 1-7 and 8-12 time points were only for compensation purposes and were not outcome measure points.Population: Number of participants analyzed differs between timepoints as some participants did not complete enough sessions or the sessions were faulty, and they were excluded from T2. Some participants also dropped out after 2 sessions.
This measure looks at how concentrated participants were while completing their homework.The rating options are Not True, Somewhat True, Pretty Much True, and Definitely True. There are no subscales in this measure, just a total score. The range is 7-28. Higher #s = worse concentration. The total score is summed. Numbers below are averages of units from sessions 1-2 (T1) and 3-12 (T2).The units were collected during each session's post survey. Sessions 1+2 are combined for a time point because participants did not wear headsets for those two sessions. Participants wore the headsets for sessions 3-12. Sessions 1+2 are considered baseline as they gave us a baseline score before participants put on a headset. Scores below were averaged for T1 (Sessions 1+2) and T2 (Sessions 3-12).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
VR Passthrough
n=22 Participants
Participants in this condition wear the same VR headset as participants in the in the other arms. However, they see directly through to their laptop and are not emersed in the virtual world.
Meta Quest 3 VR Headset with noise cancelling headphones: Wearing the headset and headphones removes all outside audio and visual distractions. One of the groups receives frequent and consistent feedback about work productivity similar to behavioral interventions for ADHD.
|
Virtual Reality
n=18 Participants
Participants in this condition wear the virtual reality headset. They are emersed in a virtual world that looks like a cabin room with windows. They are sitting at a desk and can see their laptop screen as part of the virtual world.
Meta Quest 3 VR Headset with noise cancelling headphones: Wearing the headset and headphones removes all outside audio and visual distractions. One of the groups receives frequent and consistent feedback about work productivity similar to behavioral interventions for ADHD.
|
Virtual Reality + Feedback
n=20 Participants
Participants in this condition wear the virtual reality headset. They are emersed in a virtual world that looks like a cabin room with windows. They are sitting at a desk and can see their laptop screen as part of the virtual world. The program tracks their keyboard and mouse click data to assess how consistently they are working. A stoplight in the virtual environment is green when they are working consistently and turns red when the not.
Meta Quest 3 VR Headset with noise cancelling headphones: Wearing the headset and headphones removes all outside audio and visual distractions. One of the groups receives frequent and consistent feedback about work productivity similar to behavioral interventions for ADHD.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Homework Concentration Index
Sessions 1+2 (T1)(Baseline)
|
15.93 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.69
|
16.17 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.03
|
17.93 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.57
|
|
Homework Concentration Index
Sessions 3-12 (T2)
|
11.82 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.19
|
12.75 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.88
|
12.96 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.37
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Participants had 2 weeks to complete sessions 1-7, a 3rd week to complete the last 5 sessions (sessions 8-12), equaling 12 sessions within 3 weeks. The 1-7 and 8-12 time points were only for compensation purposes and were not outcome measure points.Population: Number of participants analyzed differs between timepoints as some participants did not complete enough sessions or the sessions were faulty, and they were excluded from T2. Some participants also dropped out after 2 sessions.
The Homework Effort Index looks at how much effort participants were able to put in while completing their homework.The rating options are Not True, Somewhat True, Pretty Much True, and Definitely True. There are no subscales in this measure, just a total score. The range is 7-28. Higher #s = greater levels of effort. The total score is summed. Scores below are averages of units from sessions 1-2 (T1) and 3-12 (T2).The units were collected during each session's post survey. Sessions 1+2 are combined for a time point because participants did not wear headsets for those two sessions. Participants wore the headsets for sessions 3-12. Sessions 1+2 are considered baseline as they gave us a baseline score before participants put on a headset. Scores below are averaged for T1 and T2.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
VR Passthrough
n=22 Participants
Participants in this condition wear the same VR headset as participants in the in the other arms. However, they see directly through to their laptop and are not emersed in the virtual world.
Meta Quest 3 VR Headset with noise cancelling headphones: Wearing the headset and headphones removes all outside audio and visual distractions. One of the groups receives frequent and consistent feedback about work productivity similar to behavioral interventions for ADHD.
|
Virtual Reality
n=18 Participants
Participants in this condition wear the virtual reality headset. They are emersed in a virtual world that looks like a cabin room with windows. They are sitting at a desk and can see their laptop screen as part of the virtual world.
Meta Quest 3 VR Headset with noise cancelling headphones: Wearing the headset and headphones removes all outside audio and visual distractions. One of the groups receives frequent and consistent feedback about work productivity similar to behavioral interventions for ADHD.
|
Virtual Reality + Feedback
n=20 Participants
Participants in this condition wear the virtual reality headset. They are emersed in a virtual world that looks like a cabin room with windows. They are sitting at a desk and can see their laptop screen as part of the virtual world. The program tracks their keyboard and mouse click data to assess how consistently they are working. A stoplight in the virtual environment is green when they are working consistently and turns red when the not.
Meta Quest 3 VR Headset with noise cancelling headphones: Wearing the headset and headphones removes all outside audio and visual distractions. One of the groups receives frequent and consistent feedback about work productivity similar to behavioral interventions for ADHD.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Homework Effort Index
Sessions 1+2 (T1)(Baseline)
|
19.34 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.93
|
17.69 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.06
|
17.43 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.05
|
|
Homework Effort Index
Sessions 3-12 (T2)
|
19.95 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.31
|
19.63 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.42
|
19.92 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.08
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Participants had 2 weeks to complete sessions 1-7, a 3rd week to complete the last 5 sessions (sessions 8-12), equaling 12 sessions within 3 weeks. The 1-7 and 8-12 time points were only for compensation purposes and were not outcome measure points.Population: Number of participants analyzed differs between timepoints as some participants did not complete enough sessions or the sessions were faulty, and they were excluded from T2. Some participants also dropped out after 2 sessions.
The Homework Motivation Index measures how motivated participants were while completing their homework.The rating options are Not True, Somewhat True, Pretty Much True, and Definitely True.There are no subscales in this measure, just a total score. The range is 7-28. Higher #s = greater levels of motivation. The total score is summed. Scores below are averages of units from sessions 1-2 (T1) and 3-12 (T2).The units were collected during each session's post survey. Sessions 1+2 are combined for a time point because participants did not wear headsets for those two sessions. Participants wore the headsets for sessions 3-12. Sessions 1+2 are considered baseline as they gave us a baseline score before participants put on a headset. Scores below were averaged for T1 and T2.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
VR Passthrough
n=22 Participants
Participants in this condition wear the same VR headset as participants in the in the other arms. However, they see directly through to their laptop and are not emersed in the virtual world.
Meta Quest 3 VR Headset with noise cancelling headphones: Wearing the headset and headphones removes all outside audio and visual distractions. One of the groups receives frequent and consistent feedback about work productivity similar to behavioral interventions for ADHD.
|
Virtual Reality
n=18 Participants
Participants in this condition wear the virtual reality headset. They are emersed in a virtual world that looks like a cabin room with windows. They are sitting at a desk and can see their laptop screen as part of the virtual world.
Meta Quest 3 VR Headset with noise cancelling headphones: Wearing the headset and headphones removes all outside audio and visual distractions. One of the groups receives frequent and consistent feedback about work productivity similar to behavioral interventions for ADHD.
|
Virtual Reality + Feedback
n=20 Participants
Participants in this condition wear the virtual reality headset. They are emersed in a virtual world that looks like a cabin room with windows. They are sitting at a desk and can see their laptop screen as part of the virtual world. The program tracks their keyboard and mouse click data to assess how consistently they are working. A stoplight in the virtual environment is green when they are working consistently and turns red when the not.
Meta Quest 3 VR Headset with noise cancelling headphones: Wearing the headset and headphones removes all outside audio and visual distractions. One of the groups receives frequent and consistent feedback about work productivity similar to behavioral interventions for ADHD.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Homework Motivation Index
Sessions 1+2 (T1)(Baseline)
|
20.73 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.20
|
19.94 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.40
|
19.35 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.21
|
|
Homework Motivation Index
Sessions 3-12 (T2)
|
21.08 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.89
|
20.53 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.30
|
20.89 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.07
|
Adverse Events
VR Passthrough
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Virtual Reality
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Virtual Reality + Feedback
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Dr. Joshua Langberg
Center for Youth Social Emotional Wellness - Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology
Phone: (848) 445-2000
Email: [email protected]
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place