Comparison of INIT and Dry Needling on Trigger Points in Knee OA

NCT ID: NCT06437730

Last Updated: 2024-05-31

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: RECRUITING
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 36 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2023-10-12
• Study Completion Date: 2024-06-30

Brief Summary

The purpose of the study is to compare the effects of Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique and Dry Needling on Functional Disability, Pain and Range of Motion. A randomized control trial will be conducted at Wah General Hospital Taxila. The sample size is 36 calculated through G-Power but I recruited 50. The participants were divided into two interventional groups each having 18 participants. Tools used in this study are Goniometer, NPRS, WOMAC, and Self structured Questionnaire. Data will be collected before and immediately after the application of interventions. Data will be analyzed through SPSS.

Detailed Description

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is also known as degenerative joint disease, in which there is progressive loss of articular cartilage due to wear and tear. Knee osteoarthritis can be classified into two types, primary and secondary. Primary osteoarthritis is defined as degeneration of articular cartilage without any underlying cause. Secondary osteoarthritis can be caused due to either an abnormal amount of forces placed across the joint in a result of post-traumatic cause or due to abnormal articular cartilage, for example Rheumatoid arthritis. The prevalence of knee OA is higher as compared to other types of OA. As with increasing age and longer lifetime and higher average weight of population the incidence of knee OA increases, particularly in obese women. Women have a greater prevalence (42.1%) than do men (31.2%). There are different grades of knee OA. In Grade 1 There is a swelling of articular cartilage along with mild fibrillation in superficial zone. In Grade 2 Small portion of cartilage is lost and fibrillation occurs in deeper zone and clusters of chondrocytes begun to form. In Grade 3 formation of chondrons occurs and vertical fissures have advanced into middle zone. Early OA changes affects the superficial and middle zone of cartilage. There are different risk factors for developing Knee OA that includes age, Female Gender, Menopause, heredity, repetitive micro and macro trauma, alcohol and tobacco use and joint surgery. Some risk factors are modifiable and some are non-modifiable. Modifiable factors include: any trauma, occupation, weight, muscle weakness or imbalance, Prolonged standing and repetitive knee bending. Non-modifiable risk factors include Gender - females, Age, Genetics and Race. There can be different causes of knee OA including family history, obesity, age, diabetes, systemic inflammatory mediators, lower limb alignment, trauma and inflammation by metabolic syndrome. Diagnosis of Knee OA is mainly based on symptoms and X-rays according to Kellgren and Lawrence system for classification of Osteoarthritis. The Knee OA most common symptom is pain around knee joint, Pain can be of different nature such as dull, intermittent or sharp. Pain intensity can also vary from mild to moderate to severe. The Range of motion can also be decreased in knee OA. Other symptoms include grinding and popping sounds. Swelling, locking and giving way of the knee can also be seen in later stages. Inconsistencies are observed, in which they explain presence of Myofascial trigger points in surrounding muscles around knee. Studies showed treatment of trigger points will cause reduction in pain and improvement in functional capacity in Knee OA patients. There are different techniques to treat trigger points e.g. Dry needling and Integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique.

Study reported that there's significant reduction in pain and disability along with improved ROM in Knee Osteoarthritis patients who received Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique combined with Conventional treatment.

Another study conducted on Effect of Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique on Iliotibial Band Tightness in Osteoarthritis of Knee and their study concluded that there is a significant effect of Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique on iliotibial band tightness in osteoarthritis of knee.

Study was done to check effect of Dry needling in an exercise program for older adults with knee OA, The study concluded Despite the pain intensity and disability clinically relevant improvement for both DN and Sham-DN combined with exercise, 6 sessions of DN added to a therapeutic exercise program for older adults with KO did not seem to improve pain intensity and functionality.

Study conducted on Dry needling versus INIT on upper trapezius myofascial trigger points. According to study findings DN was more effective than INIT on management of upper trapezius active myofascial trigger points.

Proper evidence behind comparative effect of INIT and DN on trigger points in knee OA patient is sparse and there are less number of studies with limited methodological design on these techniques. This study will contribute to compare the ef-fects of INIT and Dry Needling on Functional Disability, Pain and ROM in patients with knee OA, and to check whether which technique is more effective in treating trigger points in Knee Osteoarthritis patients

Conditions

Knee Osteoarthritis

Keywords

Trigger Points,; Knee Osteoarthritis,; Dry Needling,; Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique,

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: SINGLE

Study Groups

Group: 1

MTrPs points will be released with ischemic compression, position of ease will be acquired, and in the last METs will be performed. Ischemic compression applied through thumb on trigger point present in any muscle around the knee joint.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique:

Intervention Type: OTHER

MTrPs points will be released with ischemic compression, position of ease will be acquired, and in the last METs will be performed. Ischemic compression applied through thumb on trigger point present in any muscle around the knee joint. Compression will be increased gradually until first resistance will feel and maintained until it resolves, further increases then until no tissue resistance will be felt under thumb. This process is maintained for 30sec and repeated 3-5 times per session. Positional release technique: after applying pressure on trigger point, patient will acquire position of ease that is maintained for 20 sec whether its extension or flexion of knee. This process is repeated 3-5 times per session. Muscle Energy Technique will be applied on the muscle in which isometric contraction is maintained for 7-10sec against 20-25% strength. After completion of muscular contraction, the limb is moved away for muscular stretch and then position is maintained for 30 seconds

Group: 2

Dry needle will be targeting trigger points (TrPs) using in-and-out techniques such as 'pistoning' or 'sparrow pecking'. 0.25x25mm needle is inserted.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Dry needling:

Intervention Type: OTHER

Dry needle will be targeting trigger points (TrPs) using in-and-out techniques such as 'pistoning' or 'sparrow pecking'. 0.25x25mm needle is inserted.

For vastus laterals patient is supine line with knee extended performing an isometric quadriceps contraction, maintaining a clean technique by using gloves and performing an alcohol wipe down bracket the tissue to be treated and inserting needle with direct approach towards the femur, performing pistoning. For vastus medialis patient is supine line with 30 degrees of knee flexion. A headless 0.25x25mm needle fixed between the fingers of non-dominant hand and inserted perpendicularly to the MTrPs with metacarpophalangeal flexion extension of 1st and 2nd fingers of dominant hand. For Gastrocnemius patient is prone lying and bolstered supported slight knee bend, for the upper part anterior medial approach is used and center of muscle belly slight medial anterior approach is used.

Interventions

Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique:

MTrPs points will be released with ischemic compression, position of ease will be acquired, and in the last METs will be performed. Ischemic compression applied through thumb on trigger point present in any muscle around the knee joint. Compression will be increased gradually until first resistance will feel and maintained until it resolves, further increases then until no tissue resistance will be felt under thumb. This process is maintained for 30sec and repeated 3-5 times per session. Positional release technique: after applying pressure on trigger point, patient will acquire position of ease that is maintained for 20 sec whether its extension or flexion of knee. This process is repeated 3-5 times per session. Muscle Energy Technique will be applied on the muscle in which isometric contraction is maintained for 7-10sec against 20-25% strength. After completion of muscular contraction, the limb is moved away for muscular stretch and then position is maintained for 30 seconds

Intervention Type: OTHER

Dry needling:

Dry needle will be targeting trigger points (TrPs) using in-and-out techniques such as 'pistoning' or 'sparrow pecking'. 0.25x25mm needle is inserted.

For vastus laterals patient is supine line with knee extended performing an isometric quadriceps contraction, maintaining a clean technique by using gloves and performing an alcohol wipe down bracket the tissue to be treated and inserting needle with direct approach towards the femur, performing pistoning. For vastus medialis patient is supine line with 30 degrees of knee flexion. A headless 0.25x25mm needle fixed between the fingers of non-dominant hand and inserted perpendicularly to the MTrPs with metacarpophalangeal flexion extension of 1st and 2nd fingers of dominant hand. For Gastrocnemius patient is prone lying and bolstered supported slight knee bend, for the upper part anterior medial approach is used and center of muscle belly slight medial anterior approach is used.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

Osteoarthritis Grade-1 to 2 Positive jump sign Vastus medialis(75.43%), Vastus laterals(65.78%), Gastrocnemius

Exclusion Criteria

• Patient with history of RA or any autoimmune disorder Any systematic Illness Patient with Varicose vein Post traumatic, Post-Surgical and Post fractured

• Minimum Eligible Age: 40 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 60 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Riphah International University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Lal Gul Khan, MScPT

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Riphah International University

Locations

Wah General Hospital,

Rawalpindi, Punjab Province, Pakistan

Site Status: RECRUITING

Countries

Pakistan

Central Contacts

Imran Amjad, PhD

Role: CONTACT

Phone: 03324390125

Email: imran.amjad@riphah.edu.pk

Facility Contacts

Lal Gul Khan, MScPT

Role: primary

References

Hsu H, Siwiec RM. Knee Osteoarthritis. 2023 Jun 26. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507884/

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 29939661 (View on PubMed)

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Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 29035179 (View on PubMed)

Heidari B. Knee osteoarthritis diagnosis, treatment and associated factors of progression: part II. Caspian J Intern Med. 2011 Summer;2(3):249-55.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 24049581 (View on PubMed)

Favero M, Ramonda R, Goldring MB, Goldring SR, Punzi L. Early knee osteoarthritis. RMD Open. 2015 Aug 15;1(Suppl 1):e000062. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2015-000062. eCollection 2015.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

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Ejaz F, Safdar M, Ejaz H. Comparative Effectiveness of Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique Along with Conventional Treatment Vs Conventional Treatment Alone in Patients of Knee Osteoarthritis. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences. 2023;17(01):859-.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

Albin SR, Koppenhaver SL, MacDonald CW, Capoccia S, Ngo D, Phippen S, Pineda R, Wendlandt A, Hoffman LR. The effect of dry needling on gastrocnemius muscle stiffness and strength in participants with latent trigger points. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2020 Dec;55:102479. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2020.102479. Epub 2020 Oct 9.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 33075711 (View on PubMed)

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Reference Type: BACKGROUND

Mayoral O, Salvat I, Martin MT, Martin S, Santiago J, Cotarelo J, Rodriguez C. Efficacy of myofascial trigger point dry needling in the prevention of pain after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:694941. doi: 10.1155/2013/694941. Epub 2013 Mar 27.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 23606888 (View on PubMed)

Chavan SE, Shinde S. Effect of Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique on Iliotibial Band Tightness in Osteoarthritis of Knee

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

Sanchez-Romero EA, Pecos-Martin D, Calvo-Lobo C, Ochoa-Saez V, Burgos-Caballero V, Fernandez-Carnero J. Effects of dry needling in an exercise program for older adults with knee osteoarthritis: A pilot clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Jun;97(26):e11255. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000011255.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 29952993 (View on PubMed)

Abdelaziz YM, Abulkasem ST, Yamny AA. Dry Needling Versus Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique on Upper Trapezius Myofascial Trigger Points. Egypt J Appl Sci. 2020;35:45-56.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

Other Identifiers

RiphahIU Iqra Iftikhar

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id