Comparing Simultaneous and Consecutive Drainage of Bilateral Chronic Subdural Hematoma

NCT ID: NCT06337851

Last Updated: 2024-03-29

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

43 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2003-11-30

Study Completion Date

2011-04-30

Brief Summary

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Surgical evacuation CSDH via burr hole craniostomy appears to be the most widely practiced treatment technique worldwide and outcomes are generally favorable.

In previous reports, bilateral CSDH was raised as a predictor of rapid deterioration and worse outcomes attributable to brain herniation, in comparison with unilateral ones. Nevertheless, the optimal surgical considerations in bilateral CSDH still remain controversial. Thus, this study principally aims to finding out whether consecutive removal of bilateral CSDH really poses a complication risk. The secondary objectives of the study were to obtain information about the one-year prognosis of bilateral CSDH and to find factors that affect the prognosis, if any.

Inclusion criteria Symptomatic adult (≥18 years-old) patients with bilateral hemispheric CSDH

Exclusion criteria Patients with hematoma thickness smaller than 10 mm on either side, and those who previously underwent any cranial surgery

Randomization Simple randomization, without blocking, will be used to divide patients into two groups simultaneous burr hole craniostomy (Group-1) and consecutive burr hole craniostomy (Group-2).

Clinical Evaluation Neurological examination and scoring systems (Glasgow coma scale and Markwalder Grading) will be used.

Radiological Evaluation Radiological evaluations will be made with CT and MR imaging.

Operation Patients in group-1 were fixed in supine position with their heads in neutral and flexion position. Bilateral burr holes were made one after another, the dural surfaces were exposed at the same time, then the outer membranes of both sides opened and hematomas evacuated simultaneously. All the patients underwent a drainage system, performed with the insertion of a silicone tube into the subdural space and tunneled under the scalp to the exit point. In group-2, hematoma with a greater thickness was removed first (if thickness was equal on both sides, first incision was made on the right side). The head in supine position was rotated to the side with a smaller hemorrhage thickness. Previously, burr holes were made, the dural surfaces were exposed, the outer membrane opened, and the hematoma was evacuated at one side. Then, drainage system inserted into the subdural space. After the procedure of the first side was completed, as a consecutive process, the head was rotated to the other side, and the same procedure was repeated. The contralateral hematoma was evacuated.

Follow-Up Depending on the subdural fluid collected, all drains will be removed within post-operative 36-48 hours.

Only the patients with epileptic history and on epileptic medication will receive postoperative antiepileptics.

In the postoperative period, a comprehensive evaluation encompassing neurological examinations and CT imaging will be performed.

This evaluation protocol will be executed immediately following the surgical procedure, after the removal of surgical drains (usually on the second postoperative day), and at designated intervals of the 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th months to monitor patient progress and recovery.

Detailed Description

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Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) arises at the dural border cell layer and is characterized by a pathological collection of blood, fibrin, and degradation products between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater with an insidious onset and progression. Surgical evacuation CSDH via burr hole craniostomy appears to be the most widely practiced treatment technique worldwide and outcomes are generally favorable.Although unilateral CSDH is seen in the majority of patients, bilateral involvement is not rare in neurosurgical practices.

In previous reports, bilateral CSDH was raised as a predictor of rapid deterioration and worse outcomes attributable to brain herniation, in comparison with unilateral ones. Nevertheless, the optimal surgical considerations in bilateral CSDH still remain controversial. Thus, this study principally aims to finding out whether consecutive removal of bilateral CSDH really poses a complication risk. The secondary objectives of the study were to obtain information about the one-year prognosis of bilateral CSDH and to find factors that affect the prognosis, if any.

The study is conducted as a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Inclusion criteria Symptomatic adult (≥18 years-old) patients with bilateral hemispheric CSDH

Exclusion criteria Patients with hematoma thickness smaller than 10 mm on either side, and those who previously underwent any cranial surgery will be excluded.

Randomization Simple randomization, without blocking, will be used to divide patients into two groups simultaneous burr hole craniostomy (Group-1) and consecutive burr hole craniostomy (Group-2). Written consent will be taken from each patient and/or patient's relatives for the surgery and the use of data for this study.

Clinical Evaluation Neurological examination and scoring systems (Glasgow coma scale and Markwalder Grading) will be used.

Radiological Evaluation Radiological evaluations will be made with CT and MR imaging.

Operation The patients were operated on either under general or local anesthesia based on the recommendations of anesthesiologists and the patient's general medical status. First-generation cephalosporins were used as preoperative prophylactic antibiotics (cefazolin). Patients in group-1 were fixed in supine position with their heads in neutral and flexion position. Bilateral burr holes were made one after another, the dural surfaces were exposed at the same time, then the outer membranes of both sides opened and hematomas evacuated simultaneously. All the patients underwent a drainage system, performed with the insertion of a silicone tube into the subdural space and tunneled under the scalp to the exit point. In group-2, hematoma with a greater thickness was removed first (if thickness was equal on both sides, first incision was made on the right side). The head in supine position was rotated to the side with a smaller hemorrhage thickness. Previously, burr holes were made, the dural surfaces were exposed, the outer membrane opened, and the hematoma was evacuated at one side. Then, drainage system inserted into the subdural space. After the procedure of the first side was completed, as a consecutive process, the head was rotated to the other side, and the same procedure was repeated. The contralateral hematoma was evacuated. 12-gauge soft drainage sets with secretion bags were used for postoperative drainage in both groups.

Follow-Up Depending on the subdural fluid collected, all drains will be removed within post-operative 36-48 hours.

Only the patients with epileptic history and on epileptic medication will receive postoperative antiepileptics.

In the postoperative period, a comprehensive evaluation encompassing neurological examinations and CT imaging will be performed.

This evaluation protocol will be executed immediately following the surgical procedure, after the removal of surgical drains (usually on the second postoperative day), and at designated intervals of the 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th months to monitor patient progress and recovery.

Conditions

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Subdural Hematoma, Chronic

Keywords

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Drainage Chronic Subdural Hematoma Consecutive Simultaneous

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

a prospective randomized controlled trial
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants

Study Groups

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Simultaneous burr hole craniostomy (Group-1)

Patients in group-1 were fixed in supine position with their heads in neutral and flexion position. Bilateral burr holes were made one after another, the dural surfaces were exposed at the same time, then the outer membranes of both sides opened and hematomas evacuated simultaneously. All the patients underwent a drainage system, performed with the insertion of a silicone tube into the subdural space and tunneled under the scalp to the exit point.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Simultaneous burr hole craniostomy

Intervention Type OTHER

Patients in group-1 were fixed in supine position with their heads in neutral and flexion position. Bilateral burr holes were made one after another, the dural surfaces were exposed at the same time, then the outer membranes of both sides opened and hematomas evacuated simultaneously. All the patients underwent a drainage system, performed with the insertion of a silicone tube into the subdural space and tunneled under the scalp to the exit point.

Consecutive burr hole craniostomy (Group-2)

In group-2, hematoma with a greater thickness was removed first (if thickness was equal on both sides, first incision was made on the right side). The head in supine position was rotated to the side with a smaller hemorrhage thickness. Previously, burr holes were made, the dural surfaces were exposed, the outer membrane opened, and the hematoma was evacuated at one side. Then, drainage system inserted into the subdural space. After the procedure of the first side was completed, as a consecutive process, the head was rotated to the other side, and the same procedure was repeated.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Consecutive burr hole craniostomy

Intervention Type OTHER

In group-2, hematoma with a greater thickness was removed first (if thickness was equal on both sides, first incision was made on the right side). The head in supine position was rotated to the side with a smaller hemorrhage thickness. Previously, burr holes were made, the dural surfaces were exposed, the outer membrane opened, and the hematoma was evacuated at one side. Then, drainage system inserted into the subdural space. After the procedure of the first side was completed, as a consecutive process, the head was rotated to the other side, and the same procedure was repeated. The contralateral hematoma was evacuated.

Interventions

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Simultaneous burr hole craniostomy

Patients in group-1 were fixed in supine position with their heads in neutral and flexion position. Bilateral burr holes were made one after another, the dural surfaces were exposed at the same time, then the outer membranes of both sides opened and hematomas evacuated simultaneously. All the patients underwent a drainage system, performed with the insertion of a silicone tube into the subdural space and tunneled under the scalp to the exit point.

Intervention Type OTHER

Consecutive burr hole craniostomy

In group-2, hematoma with a greater thickness was removed first (if thickness was equal on both sides, first incision was made on the right side). The head in supine position was rotated to the side with a smaller hemorrhage thickness. Previously, burr holes were made, the dural surfaces were exposed, the outer membrane opened, and the hematoma was evacuated at one side. Then, drainage system inserted into the subdural space. After the procedure of the first side was completed, as a consecutive process, the head was rotated to the other side, and the same procedure was repeated. The contralateral hematoma was evacuated.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

\- Symptomatic bilateral hemispheric CSDH

Exclusion Criteria

* Hematoma thickness smaller than 10 mm on either side
* Previously underwent any cranial surgery
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Ataturk Training and Research Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Hasan Kamil Sucu

Neurosurgeon, Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Omer Akar, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Izmir Ataturk Training and Research Hospital

Locations

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Izmir Ataturk Training and Research Hospital

Izmir, , Turkey (Türkiye)

Site Status

Countries

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Turkey (Türkiye)

References

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Okuchi K, Fujioka M, Maeda Y, Kagoshima T, Sakaki T. Bilateral chronic subdural hematomas resulting in unilateral oculomotor nerve paresis and brain stem symptoms after operation--case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1999 May;39(5):367-71. doi: 10.2176/nmc.39.367.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10481440 (View on PubMed)

Kurokawa Y, Ishizaki E, Inaba K. Bilateral chronic subdural hematoma cases showing rapid and progressive aggravation. Surg Neurol. 2005 Nov;64(5):444-9; discussion 449. doi: 10.1016/j.surneu.2004.12.030.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16253697 (View on PubMed)

Huang YH, Yang KY, Lee TC, Liao CC. Bilateral chronic subdural hematoma: what is the clinical significance? Int J Surg. 2013;11(7):544-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2013.05.007. Epub 2013 May 24.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23707986 (View on PubMed)

Agawa Y, Mineharu Y, Tani S, Adachi H, Imamura H, Sakai N. Bilateral Chronic Subdural Hematoma is Associated with Rapid Progression and Poor Clinical Outcome. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2016;56(4):198-203. doi: 10.2176/nmc.oa.2015-0256. Epub 2016 Feb 29.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26923835 (View on PubMed)

Sucu HK, Gokmen M, Ergin A, Bezircioglu H, Gokmen A. Is there a way to avoid surgical complications of twist drill craniostomy for evacuation of a chronic subdural hematoma? Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2007 Jun;149(6):597-9. doi: 10.1007/s00701-007-1162-9. Epub 2007 May 7.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17486289 (View on PubMed)

Nakaguchi H, Tanishima T, Yoshimasu N. Relationship between drainage catheter location and postoperative recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma after burr-hole irrigation and closed-system drainage. J Neurosurg. 2000 Nov;93(5):791-5. doi: 10.3171/jns.2000.93.5.0791.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11059659 (View on PubMed)

Gokmen M, Sucu HK, Ergin A, Gokmen A, Bezircio Lu H. Randomized comparative study of burr-hole craniostomy versus twist drill craniostomy; surgical management of unilateral hemispheric chronic subdural hematomas. Zentralbl Neurochir. 2008 Aug;69(3):129-33. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1004587. Epub 2008 Jul 29.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18666056 (View on PubMed)

Markwalder TM, Steinsiepe KF, Rohner M, Reichenbach W, Markwalder H. The course of chronic subdural hematomas after burr-hole craniostomy and closed-system drainage. J Neurosurg. 1981 Sep;55(3):390-6. doi: 10.3171/jns.1981.55.3.0390.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 7264730 (View on PubMed)

Yagnik KJ, Goyal A, Van Gompel JJ. Twist drill craniostomy vs burr hole drainage of chronic subdural hematoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2021 Dec;163(12):3229-3241. doi: 10.1007/s00701-021-05019-3. Epub 2021 Oct 14.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 34647183 (View on PubMed)

Kolias AG, Chari A, Santarius T, Hutchinson PJ. Chronic subdural haematoma: modern management and emerging therapies. Nat Rev Neurol. 2014 Oct;10(10):570-8. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2014.163. Epub 2014 Sep 16.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25224156 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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AtaturkTRH2003/9

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id