Comparison Between Peribulbar And Sub-tenon Blocks on Oculocardiac Reflex (OCR) During Pediatric Strabismus Surgery

NCT ID: NCT06293586

Last Updated: 2024-03-05

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: RECRUITING
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 140 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2023-12-01
• Study Completion Date: 2024-03-30

Brief Summary

The aim of this study is to compare between peribulbar block and subtenon block as an adjunct to general anesthesia in children undergoing strabismus surgery on oculocardiac reflex (OCR), post-operative analgesia and postoperative vomiting. Both techniques will be compared to intra-operative intravenous (IV) paracetamol combined with general anesthesia as a sole anesthetic technique.

Detailed Description

120 children, American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) I or II, aged 6 to 13 years, scheduled for elective squint surgery under GA will be included in the study. Children with tumors or infections of the orbit, raised intraocular pressure, eye injury, airway abnormalities or who are blind in the eye other than that which will to be operated, will be excluded. Other exclusion criteria will include known allergy to local anaesthetics or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), steroid therapy, those with significant cardiac, respiratory, renal, hepatic, or neurological disorders, mentally challenged children, or parental refusal to participate.

All children will undergo a detailed preanesthetic evaluation including previous history of operations, drug history, physical examination (cardiovascular and respiratory systems, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, airway and dentition, body weight and height). During the pre-anesthesia evaluation, children will be encouraged to report postoperative pain, if present. All children will be fasted for a minimum of 4 hours and premedicated with oral midazolam 0.5 mg/kg 30 minutes before anaesthesia. Anesthesia will be induced with sevoflurane 6% in oxygen or intravenous (i.v.) propofol (2mg/kg), as appropriate for the child's age and preference. Following inhalational induction, an intravenous line will be placed. The airway will be secured using an appropriately sized endotracheal tube (ETT) following intravenous atracurium(0.5 mg.kg) and 1 to 3 min of mask ventilation using isoflurane 1.5% in oxygen.Anesthesia will then be maintained with isoflurane in air-oxygen and end tidal minimal alveolar concentration maintained at 1 to 1.3. ventilation will be established at 6-8ml per kg with a target PECO2 of 32 - 34 and will be adjusted accordingly.

Children will then be randomly allocated to one of three groups; by a nurse who will not participate in the study, reads the number contained in the envelope and makes group assignment.

Children in the control group (group C, n_20) will receive IV paracetamol (20mg/kg).

Children in the sub-tenon group (sub-tenon group (S), n _ 20) will receive a sub-tenon block. Sub-Tenon's anesthesia will be performed with 5% bupivacaine (0.08 ml/kg). Under sterile conditions, a 19-gauge curved, blunt metallic cannula (25 mm) will be inserted into sub-Tenon's space and the local anesthetic will be injected by the ophthalmologist.

The peribulbar group (P group _ 20) will receive peribulbar block with 0.25 mL/kg of a 1:1 mixture of 0.5% bupivacaine and 2% lignocaine containing hyaluronidase (500 IU hyaluronidase has been premixed with 30 mL 2% lignocaine). Peribulbar block using a two-injection technique will be performed by a second anaesthetist.

The children will not be aware to as which group they will be allocated into. Digital oculopression will be performed for 5 minutes. All blocks will be performed by one of the investigators. LAM will be injected both inferotemporallly and superonasally using a 26-G needle. Haemodynamic variables; electrocardiography (ECG), pulse oximetry, noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) and end tidal carbon dioxide (PECO2); will be monitored continuously and Occurrence of oculocardiac reflex (OCR) will be recorded (either in the form of bradyarrhythmias mostly sinus bradycardia or o) . bradyarrhythmias which is the most common presentation of Oculocardiac reflex (OCR) will be considered as an acute decrease in heart rate below 60 beats/min and will be treated by asking the surgeon to stop stimulation and giving intravenous atropine (0.01 mg.kg), whereas other less common presentations of oculocardiac reflex (OCR) will be managed accordingly. All children will receive Dexamethasone (0.125mg/kg) 30 minutes before the end of surgery. At the end of the procedure, the ETT will be removed after reversing residual neuromuscular blockade with 50 μg·kg-1 neostigmine and 20 μg·kg-1 atropine and adequate spontaneous ventilation established.

Children will then be transferred to the recovery room, where they will be kept for 2 to 3 hours. On arrival in the recovery room, the child's' behavior and postoperative pain level will be assessed at 30 min by the recovery room nurse who will not be aware of the block using the modified objective pain scale (MOPS) [10] which assess pain via 5 points (crying, facial expressions, posture of the trunk, posture of the legs, and motor restlessness) with a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 10. 0-1 (no pain), 2-5 (mild), 6-7 (moderate), and 8-10 (severe) out of 10.

For pain judged as moderate or severe (MOPS > 5), ibuprofen 10mg/kg will be administered orally. After 2 hours in the recovery area, the children's pain will be assessed by Modified objective pain scale (MOPs) at 2 and 4 hours. Requirement of postoperative analgesia will be recorded. The incidence of PONV will be recorded. Numeric scoring will be used for PONV (0 = no nausea; 1 = nausea is present, but no vomiting; 3 = vomiting once within 30 min; 4 = vomiting two or more times within 30 min). Ondansetron (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.) will be given in cases of vomiting. The data collector will not be aware of the intervention the child will receive

Conditions

Anesthesia, Local; Ophthalmopathy; Strabismus; Pediatric ALL

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: PREVENTION
• Blinding Strategy: DOUBLE

Study Groups

Peribulbar group (Group P)

The peribulbar group (P group \_ 40) received a peribulbar block with 0.25 mL/kg of a 1:1 local anesthetic mixture (LAM) of 0.5% bupivacaine and 2% lignocaine. Peribulbar block using a two-injection technique was performed by a second anesthetist under sterile conditions and before the application of surgical drapes. LAM was injected both infratemporal and superonasally using a 26-G needle, in contrast to the single infratemporal injection approach.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

peribulbar block

Intervention Type: PROCEDURE

Peribulbar block using a two-injection technique was performed by a second anesthetist under sterile conditions and before the application of surgical drapes. LAM was injected both infratemporal and superonasally using a 26-G needle, in contrast to the single infratemporal injection approach.

Gentle digital oculopression was performed for 5 minutes

sub-tenon group (group S)

Children in the sub-Tenon group (sub-Tenon group (S), n \_ 40) received a sub-Tenon block. Sub-Tenon's anesthesia was performed with 0.5% bupivacaine (0.08 ml/kg), bearing in mind not to exceed the maximum dose. Under sterile conditions, a 19- gauge curved blunt metallic cannula (25 mm) was inserted into sub-Tenon's space and the local anesthetic was injected by the ophthalmologist after the application of surgical drapes.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

sub-tenon block

Intervention Type: PROCEDURE

Children in the sub-Tenon group received a sub-Tenon block. Sub-Tenon's anesthesia was performed with 0.5% bupivacaine (0.08 ml/kg), bearing in mind not to exceed the maximum dose. Under sterile conditions, a 19- gauge curved blunt metallic cannula (25 mm) was inserted into sub-Tenon's space and the local anesthetic was injected by the ophthalmologist after the application of surgical drapes.

paracetamol (group C)

Children in the paracetamol group received IV paracetamol (15 mg/kg) after induction of anesthesia before any surgical intervention.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Paracetamol

Intervention Type: DRUG

Children in the control group received IV paracetamol (15 mg/kg) after induction of anesthesia before any surgical intervention.

Interventions

peribulbar block

Peribulbar block using a two-injection technique was performed by a second anesthetist under sterile conditions and before the application of surgical drapes. LAM was injected both infratemporal and superonasally using a 26-G needle, in contrast to the single infratemporal injection approach.

Gentle digital oculopression was performed for 5 minutes

Intervention Type: PROCEDURE

sub-tenon block

Children in the sub-Tenon group received a sub-Tenon block. Sub-Tenon's anesthesia was performed with 0.5% bupivacaine (0.08 ml/kg), bearing in mind not to exceed the maximum dose. Under sterile conditions, a 19- gauge curved blunt metallic cannula (25 mm) was inserted into sub-Tenon's space and the local anesthetic was injected by the ophthalmologist after the application of surgical drapes.

Intervention Type: PROCEDURE

Paracetamol

Children in the control group received IV paracetamol (15 mg/kg) after induction of anesthesia before any surgical intervention.

Intervention Type: DRUG

Other Intervention Names

paracetamol iv

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Participants were children (6-13 years), ASA I-II patients, scheduled to undergo strabismus surgery.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 6 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 13 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Cairo University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Essam El-Din Zaki Bassyouni

assistant lecturer

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

Cairo University faculty of medicine

Cairo, , Egypt

Site Status: RECRUITING

Countries

Egypt

Central Contacts

Essam Nossair, Masters

Role: CONTACT

e.nossair92@gmail.com

0201002014809

Facility Contacts

Essam Nossair, Masters degree

Role: primary

e.nossair92@gmail.com

0201002014809

Other Identifiers

MD-11-2022

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id