The Effect of Aromatherapy Application With Bergamot and Grapefruit Essential Oils on PMS

NCT ID: NCT06289764

Last Updated: 2024-10-15

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 90 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2024-02-01
• Study Completion Date: 2024-06-24

Brief Summary

Aromatherapy is;the science of using highly concentrated essential oils or essences distilled from plants to take advantage of their therapeutic properties. Essential oils or essences are obtained from various parts of plants (root, leaf, flower, bark, fruit) and used therapeutically for physical and psychological well-being.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a health problem characterized by the periodic occurrence of physical, cognitive, emotional and behavioral symptoms during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, ending with the onset of menstruation or with the alleviation of symptoms within a few days after the onset of menstruation. It is reported that approximately 80-95% of women complain of PMS complaints.

Although the use of aromatherapy in womens health is widespread, there is no study comparing bergamot and grapefruit essential oils. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aromatherapy with bergamot and grapefruit essential oils on premenstrual syndrome and menstrual symptoms.

Detailed Description

Aromatherapy is the science of using highly concentrated essential oils or essences distilled from plants to take advantage of their therapeutic properties. Essential oils or essences are obtained from various parts of plants (root, leaf, flower, bark, fruit) and used therapeutically for physical and psychological well-being.The fact that aromatherapy is a noninvasive procedure and is easy to use allows aromatherapy to be widely used . Aromatic oils can be applied in four basic ways. These are topical (touch, compress or bath), internal (mouthwash, vaginal or anal suppositories), oral (capsules or dilution in honey, alcohol or diluent) and inhalation (direct or indirect inhalation with or without steam). Essential oils, which can be applied in various ways, can directly reach the neocortex part of the brain through connections from the limbic system to the hypothalamus via odor. As a result of the effect of aromatic oils on the central nervous system, relaxation, sedation or stimulating effects occur, and thanks to the information flow reaching the brain with the stimulation of the central nervous system, the energy blockage in the body is broken and energy is released as a result. The healing process is supported by the balanced spread of the energy flow to the relevant organs, and physical and mental well-being emerges. Aromatherapy is used in many health fields as well as in womens health.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a health problem characterized by periodic physical, cognitive, emotional and behavioral symptoms that occur periodically during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, ending with the onset of menstruation or with the alleviation of symptoms within a few days after the onset of menstruation. It is stated that approximately 80-95% of women complain of PMS complaints. In studies in the literature, aromatherapy with various essential oils (rose, geranium, sage, lavender) was applied to women complaining of PMS complaints and it was determined that aromatherapy application had both psychological and physical positive effects by stating that depression, anxiety, anxiety, irritability, and pain perception decreased.

Menstrual symptoms are recognized as one of the biggest problems that negatively affect the health status and quality of life among women of reproductive age worldwide. Menstrual symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, heavy menstrual bleeding and mood disorders during the premenstrual period are known to be common in the general population. Menstrual symptoms affect womens activities of daily living and quality of life. In studies in the literature, aromatherapy with various essential oils (rose, sage, ginger) was applied to women with dysmenorrhea, but no study was found in which all menstrual symptoms were measured.

Bergamot (Citrus aurantium bergamia), a small tree belonging to the Rutaceae family among citrus fruits, grows in the Mediterranean region and is especially native to the southern coast of Italy. Bergamot essential oil (BEO) is an essential oil produced by extracting the fruit from the rind by cold pressing procedure or steam distillation. Bergamot essential oil has analgesic, sleep quality enhancing, relaxation, anti-inflammatory and antidepressant effects.

Grapefruit, one of the citrus families with the largest production in the world, is famous for its taste and nutritional value, and grapefruit essential oil has antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antidepressant, anti-edema and appetite regulating effects.

Although the use of aromatherapy in womens health is widespread, no study comparing bergamot and grapefruit essential oil has been found. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of aromatherapy application with bergamot and grapefruit essential oils on premenstrual syndrome and menstrual symptoms.

Conditions

Premenstrual Syndrome-PMS

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
• Blinding Strategy: TRIPLE

Study Groups

Sweet almond oil

Premenstrual symptom scale will be applied to the participants who volunteered to participate in the study. Aromatherapy will be applied to people with a premenstrual symptom score exceeding 110. 3 groups will be formed from people with pms symptoms. 1st group will receive Bergamot essential oil, 2nd group will receive Grapefruit essential oil, 3rd group (placebo group) will receive sweet almond oil. Selected women will be allowed to smell 3 times a day, at the same time every day, for 4 days, within 7 days before menstruation. The aromatic oil will be put 3 drops on a cotton ball and the participants will smell it. Participants will be allowed to inhale the scent for 30 minutes in the fowler position at a distance of 15 cm.

Group Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Sweet almond oil

Intervention Type: OTHER

Selected women will be smelled 3 times a day, at the same time every day, for 4 days, within 7 days before menstruation. Application will be repeated for 3 cycles

Bergamot essential oil

Premenstrual symptom scale will be applied to the participants who volunteered to participate in the study. Aromatherapy will be applied to people with a premenstrual symptom score exceeding 110. 3 groups will be formed from people with pms symptoms. 1st group will receive Bergamot essential oil, 2nd group will receive Grapefruit essential oil, 3rd group (placebo group) will receive sweet almond oil. Selected women will be allowed to smell 3 times a day, at the same time every day, for 4 days, within 7 days before menstruation. The aromatic oil will be put 3 drops on a cotton ball and the participants will smell it. Participants will be allowed to inhale the scent for 30 minutes in the fowler position at a distance of 15 cm

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Bergamot Essential Oil

Intervention Type: OTHER

Selected women will be smelled 3 times a day, at the same time every day, for 4 days, within 7 days before menstruation. Application will be repeated for 3 cycles.

Grapefruit essential oil

Premenstrual symptom scale will be applied to the participants who volunteered to participate in the study. Aromatherapy will be applied to people with a premenstrual symptom score exceeding 110. 3 groups will be formed from people with pms symptoms. 1st group will receive Bergamot essential oil, 2nd group will receive Grapefruit essential oil, 3rd group (placebo group) will receive sweet almond oil. Selected women will be allowed to smell 3 times a day, at the same time every day, for 4 days, within 7 days before menstruation. The aromatic oil will be put 3 drops on a cotton ball and the participants will smell it. Participants will be allowed to inhale the scent for 30 minutes in the fowler position at a distance of 15 cm

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Grapefruit Essential Oil

Intervention Type: OTHER

Selected women will be smelled 3 times a day, at the same time every day, for 4 days, within 7 days before menstruation. Application will be repeated for 3 cycles.

Interventions

Bergamot Essential Oil

Selected women will be smelled 3 times a day, at the same time every day, for 4 days, within 7 days before menstruation. Application will be repeated for 3 cycles.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Grapefruit Essential Oil

Selected women will be smelled 3 times a day, at the same time every day, for 4 days, within 7 days before menstruation. Application will be repeated for 3 cycles.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Sweet almond oil

Selected women will be smelled 3 times a day, at the same time every day, for 4 days, within 7 days before menstruation. Application will be repeated for 3 cycles

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• To be between the ages of 18-35
• Experiencing at least 5 of the pms complaints (self-report)
• Not having respiratory diseases such as asthma and bronchitis (self-report)
• No pregnancy or suspected pregnancy (self-report)
• Not being allergic to any substance (self-report)
• Not having a systemic disease such as diabetes, hypertension (self-report)

Exclusion Criteria

• Under 18, over 35 years of age Not experiencing pms complaints Finding anosmia Presence of respiratory system diseases Allergic symptoms to aromatherapy Being pregnantHaving a chronic disease

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 35 Years
• Eligible Sex: FEMALE
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

KTO Karatay University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Esra ÖZER

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Esra ÖZER

Assist Prof

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Esra Ö ÖZER, Assist Prof.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Ankara Medipol Unıversty

Locations

Ankara Medipol Unıversty

Ankara, Altındağ, Turkey (Türkiye)

Countries

Turkey (Türkiye)

References

Ozer E, Doner SI, Dag Tuzmen H. The effect of aromatherapy intervention with Bergamot and Grapefruit essential oils on premenstrual syndrome and menstrual symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2025 May 1;25(1):162. doi: 10.1186/s12906-025-04857-3.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 40312670 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

7/02/2024/131

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id