High-heeled Shoes in a Sample of Young Women

NCT ID: NCT06287281

Last Updated: 2024-03-01

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Total Enrollment

34 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-12-15

Study Completion Date

2024-02-28

Brief Summary

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At a postural level, many doctors, physiotherapists and chiropractors are convinced that lower back pain induced by heels is due to an increase in lumbar lordosis associated with an anterior pelvic tilt; this thought is even shared by the American Chiropractic Association and the American Physical Therapy Association.

Furthermore, in most of the websites consulted, even by non-experts, the reason for the onset of spinal pain is attributed to hyperlordosis and pelvic anteversion. However, this thought is not entirely in agreement with other scientific publications. Therefore it is necessary to pay attention to online searches which often answer these questions without taking EBM into account.

None of the studies reported above take into consideration the time factor. In fact, all the studies have evaluated the immediate changes brought about by heel raising. Women who complain of lower back pain when wearing high-heeled shoes rarely experience pain as soon as they start wearing them.

The objective of the research arises from these considerations. The aim of this study (primary outcome) is to investigate whether wearing high-heeled shoes for at least 2 hours modifies the spinopelvic parameters compared to the barefoot condition and as soon as the shoes are worn.

The secondary outcome will be to verify in the sample analyzed whether there are different behaviors between the subgroups of those who have complained in their anamnesis and those who have never complained of lower back pain when using high-heeled shoes for a few hours.

Detailed Description

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A three-dimensional analysis of the posterior surface will be performed with the Formetric 4D® rasterstereographic device (Diers International GmbH, Schlangenbad, Germany).

Participants will be given a questionnaire which investigates:

* Age, weight, height of the participants;
* Any pain in the spine (measured by NPS) usually reported by subjects after using high-heeled shoes;
* Type of profession;
* Frequency with which the subjects wear the heeled shoe (how many hours per week);
* Heel height of the shoe with which they participate in the clinical study;
* Any spinal pain (measured by NPS) after wearing heeled footwear for the study period.

This last data will be filled in at the end of the evaluation.

For the evaluation of the secondary outcome, on the basis of the data from the medical history sheet, the sample will be divided into two groups:

1. The first group (group A, ASYMPTOMATIC) includes subjects who during daily life do not report spinal pain after wearing high-heeled shoes;
2. The second group (group S, SYMPTOMATIC) is made up of participants who usually complain of more or less intense pain after using the shoe.

The subjects will be asked to bring their own pair of shoes with a heel that is at least 8.7 cm, the average height reported by the work of Schroeder and Hollander, where average height means the difference between the height of the heel and the height of the raised part at the forefoot level (plateau). A particular heel width will not be required, because it seems that the height of the heel influences muscle activation, in particular the paravertebral muscles, while the width of the heel has no significant effects on them.

Conversely, amplitude has a greater influence on balance when standing and while walking.

Three evaluation will be performed:

1. first evaluation in neutral position with bare feet (T0)
2. second evaluation in neutral position wearing shoes (T1);
3. third evaluation like the previous one but at least 2 hours apart, in which it will be required to remain standing still or walk (T2).

Statistic analysis

A descriptive analysis of the population will be performed to determine the mean values and standard deviations (SD) of both the combined group and the subgroups A and S. T-tests for independent data will be used to verify whether there are any significant differences between the two subgroups .

The distribution of the data will be verified using graphical representation. If the distribution is normal (p \<0.05) for the comparison between T1 vs T2 the t-test for paired data will be used and between the subgroups (T1S vs T1A and T2S vs T2A) t-test for independent data with statistical significance accepted for p values \<0.05. ANOVA will be used to simultaneously compare the pre and post of both groups.

If the data does not have a normal distribution (p \>0.05) the Wilcoxon test will be used for the comparison between the T1 vs T2 data of the total group and the Mann-Whitney U test for the comparison between subgroups (T1S vs T1A and T2S vs T2A). The Friedman test will be used to simultaneously compare the pre and post of both groups.

Conditions

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Low Back Pain Healthy

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

CASE_ONLY

Study Time Perspective

CROSS_SECTIONAL

Interventions

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heel hight shoes

stand upright for 2 hours wearing your own shoes with heels at least 7 cm high

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* female subjects aged between 20 and 40 years
* Usual users of shoes with heels at least 7 cm high, with a frequency of at least twice a week and/or less than 3 hours/week

Exclusion Criteria

* structural or neurological anomalies that may prevent you from remaining weight-bearing, for approximately 2 hours, with shoes having a heel (difference between the heel and the plateau) of at least 7 cm high;
Minimum Eligible Age

20 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

40 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Manusapiens

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Saverio Colonna, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Spine Center

Locations

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Spine Center

Bologna, , Italy

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Italy

Central Contacts

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Saverio Colonna, MD

Role: CONTACT

+393356213419

Corrado Borghi

Role: CONTACT

3491073678

Facility Contacts

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Saverio Colonna, MD

Role: primary

+39 051 095 2375

References

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Lee CM, Jeong EH, Freivalds A (2001) Biomechanical effects of wearing high-heeled shoes. Int J Indust Ergonom 28:321-326

Reference Type BACKGROUND

de Oliveira Pezzan PA, Joao SM, Ribeiro AP, Manfio EF. Postural assessment of lumbar lordosis and pelvic alignment angles in adolescent users and nonusers of high-heeled shoes. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2011 Nov;34(9):614-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2011.09.006.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22078999 (View on PubMed)

Dai M, Li X, Zhou X, Hu Y, Luo Q, Zhou S. High-heeled-related alterations in the static sagittal profile of the spino-pelvic structure in young women. Eur Spine J. 2015 Jun;24(6):1274-81. doi: 10.1007/s00586-015-3857-6. Epub 2015 Mar 10.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25753007 (View on PubMed)

de Lateur BJ, Giaconi RM, Questad K, Ko M, Lehmann JF. Footwear and posture. Compensatory strategies for heel height. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1991 Oct;70(5):246-54.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 1910649 (View on PubMed)

Franklin ME, Chenier TC, Brauninger L, Cook H, Harris S. Effect of positive heel inclination on posture. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1995 Feb;21(2):94-9. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1995.21.2.94.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 7711763 (View on PubMed)

Schroder G, Kundt G, Otte M, Wendig D, Schober HC. Impact of pregnancy on back pain and body posture in women. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016 Apr;28(4):1199-207. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.1199. Epub 2016 Apr 28.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27190453 (View on PubMed)

Gerber SB, Costa RV, Grecco LA, Pasini H, Marconi NF, Oliveira CS. Interference of high-heeled shoes in static balance among young women. Hum Mov Sci. 2012 Oct;31(5):1247-52. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2012.02.005. Epub 2012 Jun 27.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22742722 (View on PubMed)

Han D. Muscle activation of paraspinal muscles in different types of high heels during standing. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015 Jan;27(1):67-9. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.67. Epub 2015 Jan 9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25642040 (View on PubMed)

Russell BS. The effect of high-heeled shoes on lumbar lordosis: a narrative review and discussion of the disconnect between Internet content and peer-reviewed literature. J Chiropr Med. 2010 Dec;9(4):166-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jcm.2010.07.003. Epub 2010 Oct 14.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22027108 (View on PubMed)

Kwon YJ, Song M, Baek IH, Lee T. The effect of simulating a leg-length discrepancy on pelvic position and spinal posture. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015 Mar;27(3):689-91. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.689. Epub 2015 Mar 31.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25931709 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Other Identifiers

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Heel01

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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