The Role of Gender Transformative Interventions to Strengthen Gender Equity and Improve Immunization Outcomes

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

448 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-09-09

Study Completion Date

2025-12-31

Brief Summary

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The goal of this clinical trial is to test the role of community-based men's engagement interventions in improving immunization uptake and strengthening gender equity at the household level. The main questions it aims to answer are: (1) Does household and community engagement of male caregivers and couples improve equitable gender relations, including increased male involvement in household tasks and childcare, in Togo and Pakistan, compared with communities that did not receive an intervention? (2) Can household and community engagement of male caregivers and couples increase support for and rates of age-appropriate timely immunization among children under 12 months of age, in Togo and Pakistan, compared with communities that did not receive an intervention? (3) How feasible, acceptable, and appropriate is it for CSO staff/volunteers to engage female and male caregivers and community leaders using gender transformative approaches (including household visits and group discussions) as assessed over a seven-month period? (4) What is the cost of gender transformative engagement of male and female caregivers and community leaders by CSO staff/volunteers compared to standard childhood immunization outreach services over a seven-month period?

Participants (male and female caregivers of children under 12 months of age) will be sorted into intervention or comparison groups based on their community of residence. Participants in the intervention group will:

* Receive household visits to raise awareness of immunization benefits and gender equity
* Participate in couples communication discussion groups
* Receive immunization and gender equity messaging from community leaders and other influencers.

Researchers will compare the intervention group with comparison groups in similar communities to see if the intervention group demonstrates improved equitable gender relations and increased rates of immunization compared to the comparison group which does not receive the intervention.

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Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Gender Equality and Its Impact on Immunization Uptake

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NON_RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

The study will have two arms, an intervention and comparison arm, and participants will be grouped into arms based on their community of residence. Participants in the intervention arm will receive behavioral interventions, including household visits, participation in couple discussion groups, and messaging from community leaders.

Primary Study Purpose

OTHER

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Intervention group

Participants in this arm will receive behavioral interventions, including household visits, participation in couples discussion groups, and messaging from community leaders.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Gender and immunization activities

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Household visits from community mobilizers, participation in couples communication groups, and messaging from community leaders.

Comparison

Participants in this arm will not receive any interventions.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

No intervention

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants in the comparison group will not receive any intervention

Interventions

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Gender and immunization activities

Household visits from community mobilizers, participation in couples communication groups, and messaging from community leaders.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

No intervention

Participants in the comparison group will not receive any intervention

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

Caregivers Pakistan:

* Adult women and men aged 18-49 who are in a monogamous relationship, or polygamous relationship in which the male partner agrees to participate with one female partner, and are together caregivers of at least one child 12 months of age or younger
* Have lived in the study site for at least one year
* Plan to continue to live in the study site for at least one year from time of recruitment
* If the caregiver is drawn from one of the intervention Union Councils, must be willing to fully participated in the intervention for the full implementation period

Caregivers Togo:

* Adult women and men aged 18-49 who are in a monogamous relationship, or are in a polygamous relationship in which the man resides only with the woman who is also involved in the study, and who and are together caregivers of at least one child 12 months of age or younger
* Have lived in the study site for at least one year
* Plan to continue to live in the study site for at least one year from time of recruitment
* If the caregiver is drawn from one of the intervention communities, must be willing to fully participate in the intervention for the full implementation period

Community mobilizers Pakistan:

* A woman or man currently living in the intervention Union Councils
* Has at least one child who has received the complete vaccine series
* Fluently speak the language that is most commonly spoken in the Union Council in which they live
* Be able to read and write
* Have previous experience of working on advocacy and community mobilization
* Have previously worked on childhood immunization mobilization
* Are familiar with the community influencers
* Are willing to complete training for the intervention
* Must be willing to actively implement intervention for the full implementation period

Papas Champions Togo:

* Be a married man with children, who has demonstrated his involvement in his children's health
* Has at least one child who has received the complete vaccine series
* Currently live in the intervention community
* Fluently speak the language that is most commonly spoken in the community in which they live
* Be able to read and write
* Be willing to promote the benefits of vaccination to other fathers in the community
* Be willing to work on a voluntary basis\*
* Be accepted by the local community and recognized as a responsible and respectable person.
* Be willing to complete training for the intervention
* Be willing to actively implement the intervention for the full implementation period

CSO Leaders Pakistan:

* Be based in one of the intervention Union Councils
* Actively support implementation intervention

CSO Leaders Togo:

* Be based in one of the intervention districts
* Actively support implementation intervention

Community Leaders Pakistan:

* Be based in one of the intervention Union Councils
* Have known influence on gender dynamics, caregiving, and child health behaviors including immunization
* Be willing to participate in the values clarification and attitudinal transformation activities conducted as part of the intervention

Community Leaders Togo:

* Be based in one of the intervention communities
* Have known influence on gender dynamics, caregiving, and child health behaviors including immunization
* Be willing to participate in the community sensitization activities conducted as part of the intervention

EPI Stakeholders Pakistan/Togo:

* Be based in one of the study districts since the beginning of the study
* Be familiar with the operations research intervention conducted as part of the study

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

49 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes