Role of Bile Acids and Microbiota in Clostridioides Difficile Infection in Ulcerative Colitis

NCT ID: NCT06228352

Last Updated: 2025-09-12

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
• Total Enrollment: 80 participants
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2025-12-31
• Study Completion Date: 2028-12-31

Brief Summary

Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the colon. Composition of gut microbiota of UC patients is abnormal (dysbiosis).

Ulcerative Colitis patients have an increased risk of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and CDI complications (colectomy, death, recurrence). The reason for this increased risk in IBD patients is not fully understood. The decrease in the proportion of secondary bile acids, induced by microbiota dysbiosis in patients with UC could favor C. difficile infection.

The main objective of the study is to describe the composition of bile acids (primary and secondary) in children followed for UC during relapse with or without CDI and to compare it to children with UC in remission and healthy controls. The composition of fecal microbiota will be also describe to correlate dysbiosis and bile acid abnormalities. And finally some fecal biomarkers will be study : short chain fatty acids, metabolic pathway of Tryptophan, and fecal Calprotectin.

Detailed Description

Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by chronic inflammation of the colon. Clinical symptoms include bloody diarrhea associated with abdominal pain, fecal incontinence, urgency, and tenesmus. Approximately 15-20% of patients develop UC during childhood or adolescence, with a sustained worldwide rise of the incidence of IBD, particularly pediatric forms. While there are many similarities between adult- and childhood-onset UC, pediatric-onset UC appears to be more severe and extensive with more rapid spread of the disease leading to high morbidity, more severe acute flares and more frequent use of intravenous corticosteroids. To date, there is no medical treatment that can cure the disease but only treatments that shorten the duration of relapses or prevent them.

An imbalance in the composition of the intestinal microbiota named "dysbiosis" has been demonstrated in IBD. This dysbiosis is characterized by a strong instability of the microbiota over time, and a reduction of diversity and particularly a reduction in bacteria belonging to the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla with an increase in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. More recently, a UC-specific dysbiosis has been described including a decrease in butyrate-producing bacteria, in particular Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Roseburia hominis.

It has also been shown that if adult patients with UC in flare-up and remission have similar total fecal bile acids, they have a lower proportion of fecal secondary acids compared to healthy control subjects.

Patients with UC have an increased risk of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and complications from the CDI (coletomy, deaths) as well as a higher risk of CDI recurrences. Clostridioides difficile is a strict anaerobic bacteria, which represents the main cause of post-antibiotic diarrhea.

The hypothesis of the project is that gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with UC alters the bile acid profile and metabolite profile and could promote C difficile infection in these patients without any other risk factors such as antibiotics. To confirm this hypothesis, the investigating team proposes to study the microbiota, bile acid profiles and microbial metabolites in the stools of 40 pediatric-onset UC patients with a flare-up of their disease with (n=20) or without (n=20) a concomitant CDI and to compare them to healthy children (n=20) and UC children with clinical remission (n=20). Bile acids will be determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry detection, the short chain fatty acids and tryptophan derivatives derived from TRP and AGCC will be determined by GC-MS or LC-MS and the microbiota by the MiSeq technique.

The investigating team hopes to identify bile acid profiles predisposing for CDI and to correlate them with microbiota abnormalities. This will allow to better understand the factors associated with CDI but also to identify biomarkers of infection and maybe protective bacterial strains. In the long term, the investigating team hopes to find new therapeutic perspectives by providing bacteria of interest to transform bile acids and to protect against Clostridioides difficile.

Conditions

Ulcerative Colitis

Study Design

• Observational Model Type: CASE_CONTROL
• Study Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

Ulcerative colitis flare-up

Patient with ulcerative colitis, whatever the extent, except isolated proctitis (\<5 cm), diagnosed for more than 3 months, presenting with a flare of UC defined by a Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI) score between 35 and 65.

Feces collection

Intervention Type: OTHER

A single stool sample will be taken (a specific kit will be given to the patient for this) during a consultation for follow-up or hospitalization.

Stool samples will be used to study the composition of the intestinal microbiota and to measure faecal biomarkers.

Ulcerative colitis remission

Patient with ulcerative colitis, whatever the extent, except isolated proctitis (\<5 cm), diagnosed for more than 3 months and in clinical remission defined by a Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI) score under 10.

Feces collection

Intervention Type: OTHER

A single stool sample will be taken (a specific kit will be given to the patient for this) during a consultation for follow-up or hospitalization.

Stool samples will be used to study the composition of the intestinal microbiota and to measure faecal biomarkers.

Controls

Paediatric patients (\<18 years) without chronic liver disease or chronic digestive disease (celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic diarrhea) and hospitalized for an endoscopic examination to investigate abdominal pain, gastroesophageal reflux or polyposis.

Feces collection

Intervention Type: OTHER

A single stool sample will be taken (a specific kit will be given to the patient for this) during a consultation for follow-up or hospitalization.

Stool samples will be used to study the composition of the intestinal microbiota and to measure faecal biomarkers.

Interventions

Feces collection

A single stool sample will be taken (a specific kit will be given to the patient for this) during a consultation for follow-up or hospitalization.

Stool samples will be used to study the composition of the intestinal microbiota and to measure faecal biomarkers.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Pediatric patients (<18 years) consultant or hospitalized in the Gastroenterology department of Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital.
• Information and consent of parents and the patient

• Patient with UC, whatever the extent, except isolated proctitis (<5 cm), diagnosed for more than 3 months according to the usual clinical, biological and endoscopic criteria.
• UC in flare defined by a PUCAI score of between 35 and 65.

• Patient with IBD unclassified or Crohn's disease.
• Patient with isolated proctitis (<5 cm).
• Colectomized patients.
• Patients with sclerosing cholangitis associated with their UC or liver disease.

Group 2: Patients in UC remission

• Patient with UC, whatever the extent, except isolated proctitis (<5 cm), diagnosed for more than 3 months according to the usual clinical, biological and endoscopic criteria.
• UC in remission defined by a PUCAI score <10.

• Patient with IBD unclassified or Crohn's disease.
• Patient with isolated proctitis (<5 cm).
• Colectomized patients.
• Patients with sclerosing cholangitis associated with their UC or liver disease.

Group 3: Healthy control subjects

• Patients hospitalized for an endoscopic assessment to control for abdominal pain, gastroesophageal reflux or polyposis.

• Patient with chronic liver disease.
• Patient with chronic digestive disease (celiac disease, IBD, chronic chronic).

Exclusion Criteria

• Patient who received antibiotic or antifungal treatment in the 4 weeks prior to inclusion.
• Patients colonized by C. difficile.
• Pregnant or breastfeeding young girl.
• Refusal of the protocol by parents or patient.

For group 1: Patients with active UC

• Maximum Eligible Age: 17 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

URC-CIC Paris Descartes Necker Cochin

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Bénédicte Pigneur, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris

Frédéric Barbut, PhD

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, France

Locations

Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades

Paris, , France

Countries

France

Central Contacts

Bénédicte Pigneur, MD

Role: CONTACT

benedicte.pigneur@aphp.fr

1 44 49 25 16 ext. +33

Hélène Morel

Role: CONTACT

helene.morel@aphp.fr

1 71 19 63 46 ext. +33

Facility Contacts

Bénédicte Pigneur, MD

Role: primary

benedicte.pigneur@aphp.fr

1 44 49 25 60 ext. +33

Other Identifiers

2022-A01579-34

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

APHP221179

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id