Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, Excision And Observation vs Chemoradiotherapy For Rectal Cancer

NCT ID: NCT06205485

Last Updated: 2025-11-13

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

250 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-06-26

Study Completion Date

2030-06-30

Brief Summary

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This study is being done to answer the following questions: Is the chance of rectal cancer responding the same if chemotherapy alone is given before limited surgery compared to chemotherapy and radiation therapy given together before limited surgery? If radiation therapy is not given, is quality of life better?

Detailed Description

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This study is being done to find out if this approach is better or worse than the usual approach for early rectal cancer. The usual approach is defined as care most people get for early rectal cancer.

The usual approach for patients who are not in a study is surgery to remove the rectum or treatment with chemotherapy and radiation therapy, followed by surgery. There are several chemotherapy drugs approved by Health Canada that are commonly used with radiation therapy. For patients who get the usual approach for this cancer, about 90 out of 100 are free of cancer after 5 years.

If a patient decides to take part in this study, they will either get a combination of chemotherapy drugs called FOLFOX or CAPOX for up to 12 weeks or will get chemotherapy with radiation therapy for up to 6 weeks.

After finishing treatment, and even if treatment is stopped early, the study doctor will watch for side effects and determine which type of surgery would be best. After surgery, patients will be asked to come in every 4 months for 2 years, then every 6 months for an additional year. Then will be checked every year for 2 years. This means seeing the study doctor for up to 5 years after surgery. Patients may be seen more often if your study doctor thinks it is necessary.

Conditions

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Rectal Cancer

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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FOLFOX OR CAPOX

FOLFOX= Six cycles of modified FOLFOX consisting of leucovorin, oxaliplatin and bolus fluoruracil (optional), infusional fluorouracil.

CAPOX= Capecitabine twice daily for 14 days and Oxaliplatin on day 1

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Leucovorin

Intervention Type DRUG

400 mg/m2

Oxaliplatin

Intervention Type DRUG

85 mg/m2 or 130 mg/m2 on day 1

Fluoruracil

Intervention Type DRUG

bolus fluoruracil (optional) 400 mg, infusional fluorouracil 2,400 mg/m2

Capecitabine

Intervention Type DRUG

1,000 mg/m2 twice daily for 14 days

ChemoRT

Standard dose of infusional 5-Fluorouracil/capecitabine and radiation

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Fluoruracil

Intervention Type DRUG

bolus fluoruracil (optional) 400 mg, infusional fluorouracil 2,400 mg/m2

Capecitabine

Intervention Type DRUG

1,000 mg/m2 twice daily for 14 days

Radiation

Intervention Type RADIATION

54 Gy (27-30 fractions)

Interventions

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Leucovorin

400 mg/m2

Intervention Type DRUG

Oxaliplatin

85 mg/m2 or 130 mg/m2 on day 1

Intervention Type DRUG

Fluoruracil

bolus fluoruracil (optional) 400 mg, infusional fluorouracil 2,400 mg/m2

Intervention Type DRUG

Capecitabine

1,000 mg/m2 twice daily for 14 days

Intervention Type DRUG

Radiation

54 Gy (27-30 fractions)

Intervention Type RADIATION

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Histologically confirmed invasive, well-moderately differentiated rectal adenocarcinoma, mismatch repair proficient.
* MRI stage cT1 not eligible for transanal surgery or cT2-T3a.
* cN0 stage based on pelvic MRI - including absence of radiographic evidence of mesorectal nodal metastasis, tumour deposits or extramural venous invasion (EMVI).
* M0 stage based on no evidence of metastatic disease by CT imaging of chest, abdomen and pelvis.
* Mid to low-lying tumour eligible for transanal excision in the opinion of the treating surgeon.
* Medically fit to undergo radical TME surgery as per treating surgeon's decision.
* Participant is able (i.e. sufficiently fluent) and willing to complete the quality of life questionnaires in either English or French or Spanish.
* Age of at least 18 years.
* No contraindications to protocol chemotherapy.
* Adequate normal organ and marrow function: ANC ≥ x 10\^9/L; platelet count ≥ 100 x 10\^9/L; bilirubin \< 1.5 UNL, excluding Gilbert's syndrome; Estimated creatinine clearance of ≥ 50ml/min
* Patient must have an ECOG performance of \<2 (or Karnofsty ≥ 60%).
* Must be accessible for treatment and follow-up
* Males and females of reproductive potential must have agreed to use a highly effective contraceptive method during and for 6 months after completion of chemotherapy.
* HIV-infected patients on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months are eligible for this trial.

Exclusion Criteria

* Pathologic high-risk factors on diagnostic biopsy: high histologic grade (poorly differentiated), mucinous or signet ring histology.
* Patients with visible pelvic sidewall nodes on MRI.
* Patients with unequivocal determination of nodal disease that, in the opinion of the investigator, would prohibit protocol therapy administration.
* Previous pelvic radiation for any reason, including brachytherapy alone.
* Patients who have had primary lesion excised prior to enrollment. If a patient has had partial excision prior to enrollment, there must be gross residual disease endoscopically for patient to be eligible.
* Patients with a prior or concurrent malignancy whose natural history or treatment does not have the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of the investigational regimen are eligible for this trial.
* Prior treatment for rectal cancer.
* Patients with known dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency (DYPD).
* Potential trial participants should have recovered from clinically significant adverse events of their most recent therapy/intervention prior to enrollment.
* Patients with known history or current symptoms of cardiac disease, or history of treatment with cardiotoxic agents, should have a clinical risk assessment of cardiac function using the New York Heart Association Functional Classification. To be eligible for this trial, patients should be class 2B or better.
* Any contra-indications to undergo MRI imaging.
* Presence of anterior lesions above or near peritoneal reflection rendering the patient ineligible for a transanal tumour excision.
* T3 tumours invading or abutting the internal sphincter.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group

NETWORK

Sponsor Role collaborator

NRG Oncology

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

SWOG Cancer Research Network

NETWORK

Sponsor Role collaborator

Canadian Cancer Trials Group

NETWORK

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Hagen Kennecke

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Providence Portland Medical Centre, Portland, OR, USA

Carl Brown

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Locations

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Cancer Center at Saint Joseph's

Phoenix, Arizona, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

UCI Health - Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center and Ambulatory Care

Irvine, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Los Angeles General Medical Center

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

USC / Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

UC Irvine Health/Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center

Orange, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Beebe South Coastal Health Campus

Millville, Delaware, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Helen F Graham Cancer Center

Newark, Delaware, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Medical Oncology Hematology Consultants PA

Newark, Delaware, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Beebe Health Campus

Rehoboth Beach, Delaware, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Emory University Hospital Midtown

Atlanta, Georgia, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Emory University Hospital/Winship Cancer Institute

Atlanta, Georgia, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Emory Saint Joseph's Hospital

Atlanta, Georgia, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Rush-Copley Medical Center

Aurora, Illinois, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Carle at The Riverfront

Danville, Illinois, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Northwestern Medicine Cancer Center Kishwaukee

DeKalb, Illinois, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Carle Physician Group-Effingham

Effingham, Illinois, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Northwestern Medicine Cancer Center Delnor

Geneva, Illinois, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Carle Physician Group-Mattoon/Charleston

Mattoon, Illinois, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Carle Cancer Center

Urbana, Illinois, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Northwestern Medicine Cancer Center Warrenville

Warrenville, Illinois, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Northwest Cancer Center - Main Campus

Crown Point, Indiana, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Northwest Oncology LLC

Dyer, Indiana, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Northwest Cancer Center - Hobart

Hobart, Indiana, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Saint Mary Medical Center

Hobart, Indiana, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

The Community Hospital

Munster, Indiana, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Northwest Cancer Center - Valparaiso

Valparaiso, Indiana, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University Medical Center New Orleans

New Orleans, Louisiana, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Lahey Hospital and Medical Center

Burlington, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Henry Ford Macomb Hospital-Clinton Township

Clinton Township, Michigan, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Henry Ford Hospital

Detroit, Michigan, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Corewell Health Grand Rapids Hospitals - Butterworth Hospital

Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Allegiance Health

Jackson, Michigan, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

West Michigan Cancer Center

Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Henry Ford Medical Center-Columbus

Novi, Michigan, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Henry Ford West Bloomfield Hospital

West Bloomfield, Michigan, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Sanford Joe Lueken Cancer Center

Bemidji, Minnesota, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Mercy Hospital Saint Louis

St Louis, Missouri, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Renown Regional Medical Center

Reno, Nevada, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Dartmouth Cancer Center

Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Memorial Sloan Kettering Basking Ridge

Basking Ridge, New Jersey, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Memorial Sloan Kettering Monmouth

Middletown, New Jersey, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Memorial Sloan Kettering Bergen

Montvale, New Jersey, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of New Mexico Cancer Center

Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Memorial Sloan Kettering Commack

Commack, New York, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Memorial Sloan Kettering Westchester

Harrison, New York, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

New York, New York, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Rochester

Rochester, New York, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Memorial Sloan Kettering Nassau

Uniondale, New York, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Wilmot Cancer Institute at Webster

Webster, New York, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

East Carolina University

Greenville, North Carolina, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Sanford Bismarck Medical Center

Bismarck, North Dakota, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Sanford Broadway Medical Center

Fargo, North Dakota, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Sanford Roger Maris Cancer Center

Fargo, North Dakota, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Miami Valley Hospital South

Centerville, Ohio, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Cincinnati Cancer Center-UC Medical Center

Cincinnati, Ohio, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Miami Valley Hospital

Dayton, Ohio, United States

Site Status SUSPENDED

Premier Blood and Cancer Center

Dayton, Ohio, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Miami Valley Hospital North

Dayton, Ohio, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Atrium Medical Center-Middletown Regional Hospital

Franklin, Ohio, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Miami Valley Cancer Care and Infusion

Greenville, Ohio, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Upper Valley Medical Center

Troy, Ohio, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Cincinnati Cancer Center-West Chester

West Chester, Ohio, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Clackamas Radiation Oncology Center

Clackamas, Oregon, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Legacy Mount Hood Medical Center

Gresham, Oregon, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Providence Newberg Medical Center

Newberg, Oregon, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Providence Willamette Falls Medical Center

Oregon City, Oregon, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Legacy Good Samaritan Hospital and Medical Center

Portland, Oregon, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Providence Portland Medical Center

Portland, Oregon, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Providence Saint Vincent Medical Center

Portland, Oregon, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Oregon Health and Science University

Portland, Oregon, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Legacy Meridian Park Hospital

Tualatin, Oregon, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Christiana Care Health System-Concord Health Center

Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Sanford Cancer Center Oncology Clinic

Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Sanford USD Medical Center - Sioux Falls

Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

The West Clinic - Wolf River

Germantown, Tennessee, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Vanderbilt University/Ingram Cancer Center

Nashville, Tennessee, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Dartmouth Cancer Center - North

Saint Johnsbury, Vermont, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Virginia Mason Medical Center

Seattle, Washington, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Legacy Cancer Institute Medical Oncology and Day Treatment

Vancouver, Washington, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Legacy Salmon Creek Hospital

Vancouver, Washington, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Marshfield Medical Center-EC Cancer Center

Eau Claire, Wisconsin, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Marshfield Medical Center-Marshfield

Marshfield, Wisconsin, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Marshfield Medical Center - Minocqua

Minocqua, Wisconsin, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Marshfield Medical Center-Rice Lake

Rice Lake, Wisconsin, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Marshfield Medical Center-River Region at Stevens Point

Stevens Point, Wisconsin, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Marshfield Medical Center - Weston

Weston, Wisconsin, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

CancerCare Manitoba

Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Ottawa Hospital and Cancer Center-General Campus

Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

CIUSSSEMTL-Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont

Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Allan Blair Cancer Centre

Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Saskatoon Cancer Centre

Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United States Canada

Central Contacts

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Chris O'Callaghan

Role: CONTACT

Phone: 613-533-6430

Email: [email protected]

Facility Contacts

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Other Identifiers

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CCTG-CO32

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

NCI-2023-10515

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

CCTG-CO32

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id