Comparison of Kimura Versus Warshaw Technique for Laparoscopic Spleen-Preserving Distal Pancreatectomy

NCT ID: NCT06167421

Last Updated: 2023-12-12

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

240 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2024-01-01

Study Completion Date

2027-12-31

Brief Summary

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This study aims to compare the surgical outcomes of laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy using the Kimura technique versus the Warshaw technique. The primary focus is on the rates of unplanned splenectomy, occurrence of severe complications, as well as intraoperative and perioperative outcomes of both techniques.

Detailed Description

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For benign and low-grade malignant tumors of the pancreatic body and tail, laparoscopic distal pancreatosplenectomy (LDP) is commonly recommended due to its shorter hospital stay, lower intraoperative blood loss, and comparable complication rates. The DIPLOMA international multicenter clinical trial further established the non-inferiority of minimally invasive techniques in terms of curative resection for resectable pancreatic body and tail cancers.

As the spleen plays a crucial role in immune defense, splenectomy is associated with increased postoperative infection risk, significant increase in platelet count, and thrombosis. Therefore, for benign and low-grade malignant tumors of the pancreatic body and tail, minimally invasive spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy should be the preferred approach.

The Kimura technique is the most commonly used and favored spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy technique. It involves the complete preservation of splenic vessels, resulting in fewer postoperative complications. However, it is time-consuming and challenging due to the identification and ligation of numerous small and short vessels entering the pancreatic body and tail to preserve the fragile splenic artery and vein. On the other hand, the Warshaw technique involves segmental resection of splenic vessels and relies on the left gastroepiploic artery and short gastric vessels for splenic perfusion. It is a simpler procedure with less intraoperative blood loss and shorter operative time. However, it carries an increased risk of postoperative splenic infarction, gastric varices, and secondary bleeding.

Although a higher incidence of splenic infarction has been observed with the Warshaw technique, its clinical relevance remains controversial. Reports indicate that approximately 25% of patients undergoing Warshaw procedure show radiological evidence of asymptomatic gastric varices, but during a follow-up period of up to 21 years, no clinically relevant consequences of gastric varices were observed. Most cases of postoperative splenic infarction are transient and do not require specific treatment. Data from a large pan-European retrospective study showed no significant differences in the clinical incidence of splenic infarction (0.6% vs. 1.6%, P = 0.127) and major complication rates (11.5% vs. 14.4%, P = 0.308) between minimally invasive Kimura and Warshaw techniques.

While Kimura and Warshaw techniques demonstrate comparability in most postoperative outcomes, the former appears to have an advantage in reducing the risk of splenic infarction and gastric varices. Some experts propose a "Kimura-first" strategy. However, there is currently no prospective study comparing these two techniques. Therefore, this study has designed a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial, focusing on the rates of unplanned splenectomy, severe complication occurrence, and intraoperative and perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy using the Kimura versus the Warshaw technique. Long-term follow-up will assess clinically relevant outcomes such as splenic ischemia, splenic hyperfunction, gastric varices, and postoperative quality of life. This study aims to provide higher-level evidence in the selection of laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy techniques.

Conditions

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Pancreatic Tumor, Benign Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor of the Pancreas

Keywords

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Pancreatic benign or low-grade malignant tumors Minimally invasive spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy Kimura technique Warshaw technique Prognosis

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Kimura group

Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy using the Kimura technique.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy using the Kimura technique

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

The laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy using the Kimura technique is defined as a surgical procedure that aims to remove the distal part of the pancreas while preserving the spleen by maintaining the splenic artery and vein (Hepatogastroenterology. 2003;50:2242).

Warshaw group

Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy using the Warshaw technique.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy using the Warshaw technique

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Warshaw technique laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy is defined as a surgical procedure that aims to preserve the spleen while removing the distal part of the pancreas. It involves ligating the splenic artery and vein, while preserving the left gastroepiploic artery and short gastric vessels (Arch Surg. 1988;123:550).

Interventions

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Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy using the Kimura technique

The laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy using the Kimura technique is defined as a surgical procedure that aims to remove the distal part of the pancreas while preserving the spleen by maintaining the splenic artery and vein (Hepatogastroenterology. 2003;50:2242).

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy using the Warshaw technique

Warshaw technique laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy is defined as a surgical procedure that aims to preserve the spleen while removing the distal part of the pancreas. It involves ligating the splenic artery and vein, while preserving the left gastroepiploic artery and short gastric vessels (Arch Surg. 1988;123:550).

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Age between 18 and 70 years, regardless of gender.
* Preoperative clinical diagnosis of benign or low-grade malignant pancreatic tumors.
* Meeting the recommended surgical indications as per guidelines.
* Feasibility of imaging assessment for either Kimura or Warshaw technique laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy.
* Performance status of 0 or 1 according to the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score.
* Willingness to comply with the study treatment plan, follow-up schedule, and other protocol requirements.
* Voluntarily participating in the study and signing an informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria

* Body Mass Index (BMI) \> 28 kg/m2 (Chinese obesity standard).
* History of blood disorders, acute or chronic pancreatitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, splenic rupture, or gastric varices (preoperative CT indicating curved vessel structures along the gastric wall with a diameter \> 5mm).
* History of abdominal surgery.
* Concomitant primary malignant tumors.
* Suspicion of malignancy based on PET-CT or other imaging examinations.
* Severe impairment of cardiac, liver, or kidney function (NYHA class 3-4, ALT and/or AST exceeding three times the upper limit of normal, Creatinine exceeding the upper limit of normal).
* Planned pregnancy or pregnancy and lactating women.
* Participants currently involved in other clinical trials.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

70 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Qilu Hospital of Shandong University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Tongji Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Fudan University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Xian-Jun Yu

President of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Xianjun Yu, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Fudan University

Central Contacts

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Xianjun Yu, MD, PhD

Role: CONTACT

Phone: +86-13801669875

Email: [email protected]

Zheng Li, MD

Role: CONTACT

Phone: +86-18521097686

Email: [email protected]

References

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Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30080726 (View on PubMed)

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Korrel M, Jones LR, van Hilst J, Balzano G, Bjornsson B, Boggi U, Bratlie SO, Busch OR, Butturini G, Capretti G, Casadei R, Edwin B, Emmen AMLH, Esposito A, Falconi M, Groot Koerkamp B, Keck T, de Kleine RHJ, Kleive DB, Kokkola A, Lips DJ, Lof S, Luyer MDP, Manzoni A, Marudanayagam R, de Pastena M, Pecorelli N, Primrose JN, Ricci C, Salvia R, Sandstrom P, Vissers FLIM, Wellner UF, Zerbi A, Dijkgraaf MGW, Besselink MG, Abu Hilal M; European Consortium on Minimally Invasive Pancreatic Surgery (E-MIPS). Minimally invasive versus open distal pancreatectomy for resectable pancreatic cancer (DIPLOMA): an international randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2023 Jul 6;31:100673. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100673. eCollection 2023 Aug.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 37457332 (View on PubMed)

Casciani F, Trudeau MT, Vollmer CM Jr. Perioperative Immunization for Splenectomy and the Surgeon's Responsibility: A Review. JAMA Surg. 2020 Nov 1;155(11):1068-1077. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2020.1463.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32936229 (View on PubMed)

Korrel M, Lof S, Al Sarireh B, Bjornsson B, Boggi U, Butturini G, Casadei R, De Pastena M, Esposito A, Fabre JM, Ferrari G, Fteriche FS, Fusai G, Koerkamp BG, Hackert T, D'Hondt M, Jah A, Keck T, Marino MV, Molenaar IQ, Pessaux P, Pietrabissa A, Rosso E, Sahakyan M, Soonawalla Z, Souche FR, White S, Zerbi A, Dokmak S, Edwin B, Hilal MA, Besselink M; European consortium on Minimally Invasive Pancreatic Surgery (E-MIPS). Short-term Outcomes After Spleen-preserving Minimally Invasive Distal Pancreatectomy With or Without Preservation of Splenic Vessels: A Pan-European Retrospective Study in High-volume Centers. Ann Surg. 2023 Jan 1;277(1):e119-e125. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000004963. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 34091515 (View on PubMed)

Yongfei H, Javed AA, Burkhart R, Peters NA, Hasanain A, Weiss MJ, Wolfgang CL, He J. Geographical variation and trends in outcomes of laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with or without splenic vessel preservation: A meta-analysis. Int J Surg. 2017 Sep;45:47-55. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.07.078. Epub 2017 Jul 21.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28735894 (View on PubMed)

Warshaw AL. Conservation of the spleen with distal pancreatectomy. Arch Surg. 1988 May;123(5):550-3. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1988.01400290032004.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 3358679 (View on PubMed)

Ferrone CR, Konstantinidis IT, Sahani DV, Wargo JA, Fernandez-del Castillo C, Warshaw AL. Twenty-three years of the Warshaw operation for distal pancreatectomy with preservation of the spleen. Ann Surg. 2011 Jun;253(6):1136-9. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e318212c1e2.

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Reference Type BACKGROUND
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Other Identifiers

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CSPAC-7

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id