Trial Outcomes & Findings for Sequences of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise and Cardio-metabolic Functions in T2D (NCT NCT06145542)
NCT ID: NCT06145542
Last Updated: 2025-04-03
Results Overview
blood glucose level following overnight (12-h) fasting
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
56 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
At week 0, within 7 days before the intervention starts
Results posted on
2025-04-03
Participant Flow
Participants were recruited in outpatient clinics or via online/printed advertisement delivered through the Maigaoqiao Community Health Service Center from Oct 1st, 2023 to Nov 3rd, 2023.
The exclusion criteria included patients with T1D, diseases diagnosed by physicians that are unsuitable for exercise intervention, such as severe cardiovascular diseases, acute infections, musculoskeletal disorders, and other related conditions, patients who have regular physical activity habits (90min moderate intensity exercise or 75min high intensity exercise), and currently under dietary program for weight loss
Participant milestones
| Measure |
AR Group: Aerobic Exercise Before Resistance Exercise
AR group: aerobic training before resistance training: Exercise are performed 3 times/wk for 8 wks.
Aerobic training sessions are performed using cycle ergometers. Riding speed is 55-60 rotations/min, at an intensity between 50%-75% of heart rate reserve (HRR). Real-time heart rate monitors are worn by each participant during the session. Aerobic training session lasts for 30 minutes, with an additional 5-minute warm-up and 5-min relaxation training before and after the session, respectively.
Participants perform resistance exercise on a set of strength training equipment. Load of resistance exercise is between 60-80% of repetition maximum (RM) in each set of exercise. Six different groups of resistance exercise (involving contractions and relaxations of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, quadriceps, and hamstrings) are conducted, with 6 sets of 10 repeated tasks in each group. Participants are instructed to finish each set of exercise task within 60 seconds. Between each two sets, there are 60 s of rest time.
|
RA Group: Resistance Training Before Aerobic Training
RA group: resistance exercise before aerobic exercise: Exercise are performed 3 times/wk for 8 wks.
Following a 5-min warm-up exercise, the participants perform resistance training on a set of equipment. Load of resistance exercise is set between 60-80% of repetition maximum in each set of exercise. Six different groups of resistance exercise (involving contractions and relaxations of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, quadriceps, and hamstrings) are conducted, with 6 sets of 10 repeated tasks in each group. Participants are instructed to finish each set of exercise task within 60 s. Between each two sets, there are 60 seconds of rest time.
Aerobic training sessions are performed using cycle ergometers. Riding speed is 55-60 rotations/min, at an intensity between 50%-75% of heart rate reserve. Real-time heart rate monitors are worn during the entire session. Each aerobic training session lasts for 30 minutes, with an 5-minute relaxation training after the session.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
28
|
28
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
28
|
28
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
0
|
0
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
AR Group: Aerobic Exercise Before Resistance Exercise
n=28 Participants
AR group: aerobic training before resistance training: Exercise are performed 3 times/wk for 8 wks.
Aerobic training sessions are performed using cycle ergometers. Riding speed is 55-60 rotations/min, at an intensity between 50%-75% of heart rate reserve (HRR). Real-time heart rate monitors are worn by each participant during the session. Aerobic training session lasts for 30 minutes, with an additional 5-minute warm-up and 5-min relaxation training before and after the session, respectively.
Participants perform resistance exercise on a set of strength training equipment. Load of resistance exercise is between 60-80% of repetition maximum (RM) in each set of exercise. Six different groups of resistance exercise (involving contractions and relaxations of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, quadriceps, and hamstrings) are conducted, with 6 sets of 10 repeated tasks in each group. Participants are instructed to finish each set of exercise task within 60 seconds. Between each two sets, there are 60 s of rest time.
|
RA Group: Resistance Training Before Aerobic Training
n=28 Participants
RA group: resistance exercise before aerobic exercise: Exercise are performed 3 times/wk for 8 wks.
Following a 5-min warm-up exercise, the participants perform resistance training on a set of equipment. Load of resistance exercise is set between 60-80% of repetition maximum in each set of exercise. Six different groups of resistance exercise (involving contractions and relaxations of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, quadriceps, and hamstrings) are conducted, with 6 sets of 10 repeated tasks in each group. Participants are instructed to finish each set of exercise task within 60 s. Between each two sets, there are 60 seconds of rest time.
Aerobic training sessions are performed using cycle ergometers. Riding speed is 55-60 rotations/min, at an intensity between 50%-75% of heart rate reserve. Real-time heart rate monitors are worn during the entire session. Each aerobic training session lasts for 30 minutes, with an 5-minute relaxation training after the session.
|
Total
n=56 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
61.7 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.1 • n=28 Participants
|
63.2 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.5 • n=28 Participants
|
62.5 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.3 • n=56 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
16 Participants
n=28 Participants
|
14 Participants
n=28 Participants
|
30 Participants
n=56 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
12 Participants
n=28 Participants
|
14 Participants
n=28 Participants
|
26 Participants
n=56 Participants
|
|
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected
|
—
|
—
|
0 Participants
Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
|
|
Region of Enrollment
China
|
28 participants
n=28 Participants
|
28 participants
n=28 Participants
|
56 participants
n=56 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: At week 0, within 7 days before the intervention startsblood glucose level following overnight (12-h) fasting
Outcome measures
| Measure |
AR Group: Aerobic Exercise Before Resistance Exercise
n=28 Participants
AR group: aerobic training before resistance training: Exercise are performed 3 times/wk for 8 wks.
Aerobic training sessions are performed using cycle ergometers. Riding speed is 55-60 rotations/min, at an intensity between 50%-75% of heart rate reserve (HRR). Real-time heart rate monitors are worn by each participant during the session. Aerobic training session lasts for 30 minutes, with an additional 5-minute warm-up and 5-min relaxation training before and after the session, respectively.
Participants perform resistance exercise on a set of strength training equipment. Load of resistance exercise is between 60-80% of repetition maximum (RM) in each set of exercise. Six different groups of resistance exercise (involving contractions and relaxations of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, quadriceps, and hamstrings) are conducted, with 6 sets of 10 repeated tasks in each group. Participants are instructed to finish each set of exercise task within 60 seconds. Between each two sets, there are 60 s of rest time.
|
RA Group: Resistance Training Before Aerobic Training
n=28 Participants
RA group: resistance exercise before aerobic exercise: Exercise are performed 3 times/wk for 8 wks.
Following a 5-min warm-up exercise, the participants perform resistance training on a set of equipment. Load of resistance exercise is set between 60-80% of repetition maximum in each set of exercise. Six different groups of resistance exercise (involving contractions and relaxations of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, quadriceps, and hamstrings) are conducted, with 6 sets of 10 repeated tasks in each group. Participants are instructed to finish each set of exercise task within 60 s. Between each two sets, there are 60 seconds of rest time.
Aerobic training sessions are performed using cycle ergometers. Riding speed is 55-60 rotations/min, at an intensity between 50%-75% of heart rate reserve. Real-time heart rate monitors are worn during the entire session. Each aerobic training session lasts for 30 minutes, with an 5-minute relaxation training after the session.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Fasting Glucose at Baseline
|
7.2 mmol/L
Interval 6.7 to 8.2
|
7.0 mmol/L
Interval 6.1 to 8.0
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: At week 9, within 7 days after the intervention completesblood glucose level following overnight (12-h) fasting
Outcome measures
| Measure |
AR Group: Aerobic Exercise Before Resistance Exercise
n=28 Participants
AR group: aerobic training before resistance training: Exercise are performed 3 times/wk for 8 wks.
Aerobic training sessions are performed using cycle ergometers. Riding speed is 55-60 rotations/min, at an intensity between 50%-75% of heart rate reserve (HRR). Real-time heart rate monitors are worn by each participant during the session. Aerobic training session lasts for 30 minutes, with an additional 5-minute warm-up and 5-min relaxation training before and after the session, respectively.
Participants perform resistance exercise on a set of strength training equipment. Load of resistance exercise is between 60-80% of repetition maximum (RM) in each set of exercise. Six different groups of resistance exercise (involving contractions and relaxations of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, quadriceps, and hamstrings) are conducted, with 6 sets of 10 repeated tasks in each group. Participants are instructed to finish each set of exercise task within 60 seconds. Between each two sets, there are 60 s of rest time.
|
RA Group: Resistance Training Before Aerobic Training
n=28 Participants
RA group: resistance exercise before aerobic exercise: Exercise are performed 3 times/wk for 8 wks.
Following a 5-min warm-up exercise, the participants perform resistance training on a set of equipment. Load of resistance exercise is set between 60-80% of repetition maximum in each set of exercise. Six different groups of resistance exercise (involving contractions and relaxations of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, quadriceps, and hamstrings) are conducted, with 6 sets of 10 repeated tasks in each group. Participants are instructed to finish each set of exercise task within 60 s. Between each two sets, there are 60 seconds of rest time.
Aerobic training sessions are performed using cycle ergometers. Riding speed is 55-60 rotations/min, at an intensity between 50%-75% of heart rate reserve. Real-time heart rate monitors are worn during the entire session. Each aerobic training session lasts for 30 minutes, with an 5-minute relaxation training after the session.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Fasting Glucose at Follow-up
|
7.2 mmol/L
Interval 6.7 to 8.5
|
7.4 mmol/L
Interval 6.2 to 8.2
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: At baseline, within 7 days before the intervention startsAt baseline, the HbA1c level in blood among all participants
Outcome measures
| Measure |
AR Group: Aerobic Exercise Before Resistance Exercise
n=28 Participants
AR group: aerobic training before resistance training: Exercise are performed 3 times/wk for 8 wks.
Aerobic training sessions are performed using cycle ergometers. Riding speed is 55-60 rotations/min, at an intensity between 50%-75% of heart rate reserve (HRR). Real-time heart rate monitors are worn by each participant during the session. Aerobic training session lasts for 30 minutes, with an additional 5-minute warm-up and 5-min relaxation training before and after the session, respectively.
Participants perform resistance exercise on a set of strength training equipment. Load of resistance exercise is between 60-80% of repetition maximum (RM) in each set of exercise. Six different groups of resistance exercise (involving contractions and relaxations of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, quadriceps, and hamstrings) are conducted, with 6 sets of 10 repeated tasks in each group. Participants are instructed to finish each set of exercise task within 60 seconds. Between each two sets, there are 60 s of rest time.
|
RA Group: Resistance Training Before Aerobic Training
n=28 Participants
RA group: resistance exercise before aerobic exercise: Exercise are performed 3 times/wk for 8 wks.
Following a 5-min warm-up exercise, the participants perform resistance training on a set of equipment. Load of resistance exercise is set between 60-80% of repetition maximum in each set of exercise. Six different groups of resistance exercise (involving contractions and relaxations of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, quadriceps, and hamstrings) are conducted, with 6 sets of 10 repeated tasks in each group. Participants are instructed to finish each set of exercise task within 60 s. Between each two sets, there are 60 seconds of rest time.
Aerobic training sessions are performed using cycle ergometers. Riding speed is 55-60 rotations/min, at an intensity between 50%-75% of heart rate reserve. Real-time heart rate monitors are worn during the entire session. Each aerobic training session lasts for 30 minutes, with an 5-minute relaxation training after the session.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Baseline
|
7.5 percentage of glycated hemoglobin
Interval 6.8 to 8.2
|
7.3 percentage of glycated hemoglobin
Interval 6.7 to 7.7
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: At week 9, within 7 days after the completion of the 8-week interventionAfter intervention, the HbA1c level in blood among all participants
Outcome measures
| Measure |
AR Group: Aerobic Exercise Before Resistance Exercise
n=28 Participants
AR group: aerobic training before resistance training: Exercise are performed 3 times/wk for 8 wks.
Aerobic training sessions are performed using cycle ergometers. Riding speed is 55-60 rotations/min, at an intensity between 50%-75% of heart rate reserve (HRR). Real-time heart rate monitors are worn by each participant during the session. Aerobic training session lasts for 30 minutes, with an additional 5-minute warm-up and 5-min relaxation training before and after the session, respectively.
Participants perform resistance exercise on a set of strength training equipment. Load of resistance exercise is between 60-80% of repetition maximum (RM) in each set of exercise. Six different groups of resistance exercise (involving contractions and relaxations of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, quadriceps, and hamstrings) are conducted, with 6 sets of 10 repeated tasks in each group. Participants are instructed to finish each set of exercise task within 60 seconds. Between each two sets, there are 60 s of rest time.
|
RA Group: Resistance Training Before Aerobic Training
n=28 Participants
RA group: resistance exercise before aerobic exercise: Exercise are performed 3 times/wk for 8 wks.
Following a 5-min warm-up exercise, the participants perform resistance training on a set of equipment. Load of resistance exercise is set between 60-80% of repetition maximum in each set of exercise. Six different groups of resistance exercise (involving contractions and relaxations of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, quadriceps, and hamstrings) are conducted, with 6 sets of 10 repeated tasks in each group. Participants are instructed to finish each set of exercise task within 60 s. Between each two sets, there are 60 seconds of rest time.
Aerobic training sessions are performed using cycle ergometers. Riding speed is 55-60 rotations/min, at an intensity between 50%-75% of heart rate reserve. Real-time heart rate monitors are worn during the entire session. Each aerobic training session lasts for 30 minutes, with an 5-minute relaxation training after the session.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Follow-up
|
7.0 percentage of glycated hemoglobin
Interval 6.8 to 7.7
|
7.2 percentage of glycated hemoglobin
Interval 6.8 to 7.6
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: At baseline, within 14 days before the intervention starts, measurement lasts for 14 days (mean, sd, lage)At baseline, 14-day continuous glucose monitoring including mean, sd, cv, lage, tir, tar, tbr
Outcome measures
| Measure |
AR Group: Aerobic Exercise Before Resistance Exercise
n=28 Participants
AR group: aerobic training before resistance training: Exercise are performed 3 times/wk for 8 wks.
Aerobic training sessions are performed using cycle ergometers. Riding speed is 55-60 rotations/min, at an intensity between 50%-75% of heart rate reserve (HRR). Real-time heart rate monitors are worn by each participant during the session. Aerobic training session lasts for 30 minutes, with an additional 5-minute warm-up and 5-min relaxation training before and after the session, respectively.
Participants perform resistance exercise on a set of strength training equipment. Load of resistance exercise is between 60-80% of repetition maximum (RM) in each set of exercise. Six different groups of resistance exercise (involving contractions and relaxations of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, quadriceps, and hamstrings) are conducted, with 6 sets of 10 repeated tasks in each group. Participants are instructed to finish each set of exercise task within 60 seconds. Between each two sets, there are 60 s of rest time.
|
RA Group: Resistance Training Before Aerobic Training
n=28 Participants
RA group: resistance exercise before aerobic exercise: Exercise are performed 3 times/wk for 8 wks.
Following a 5-min warm-up exercise, the participants perform resistance training on a set of equipment. Load of resistance exercise is set between 60-80% of repetition maximum in each set of exercise. Six different groups of resistance exercise (involving contractions and relaxations of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, quadriceps, and hamstrings) are conducted, with 6 sets of 10 repeated tasks in each group. Participants are instructed to finish each set of exercise task within 60 s. Between each two sets, there are 60 seconds of rest time.
Aerobic training sessions are performed using cycle ergometers. Riding speed is 55-60 rotations/min, at an intensity between 50%-75% of heart rate reserve. Real-time heart rate monitors are worn during the entire session. Each aerobic training session lasts for 30 minutes, with an 5-minute relaxation training after the session.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Continuous Glucose Monitoring at Baseline (Mean, sd, Lage)
mean glucose
|
8.7 mmol/L
Standard Deviation 1.3
|
8.1 mmol/L
Standard Deviation 1.5
|
|
Continuous Glucose Monitoring at Baseline (Mean, sd, Lage)
largest amplitude of glucose excursion
|
8.7 mmol/L
Standard Deviation 1.9
|
8.3 mmol/L
Standard Deviation 1.9
|
|
Continuous Glucose Monitoring at Baseline (Mean, sd, Lage)
standard deviation of blood glucose
|
2.2 mmol/L
Standard Deviation 0.7
|
2.1 mmol/L
Standard Deviation 0.6
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: At baseline, within 14 days before the intervention starts, measurement lasts for 14 days (cv)At baseline, 14-day continuous glucose monitoring including mean glucose value, standard deviation (SD) of the glucose values, coefficient of variation (CV) of relative standard deviation, LAGE, TIR, TAR, TBR
Outcome measures
| Measure |
AR Group: Aerobic Exercise Before Resistance Exercise
n=28 Participants
AR group: aerobic training before resistance training: Exercise are performed 3 times/wk for 8 wks.
Aerobic training sessions are performed using cycle ergometers. Riding speed is 55-60 rotations/min, at an intensity between 50%-75% of heart rate reserve (HRR). Real-time heart rate monitors are worn by each participant during the session. Aerobic training session lasts for 30 minutes, with an additional 5-minute warm-up and 5-min relaxation training before and after the session, respectively.
Participants perform resistance exercise on a set of strength training equipment. Load of resistance exercise is between 60-80% of repetition maximum (RM) in each set of exercise. Six different groups of resistance exercise (involving contractions and relaxations of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, quadriceps, and hamstrings) are conducted, with 6 sets of 10 repeated tasks in each group. Participants are instructed to finish each set of exercise task within 60 seconds. Between each two sets, there are 60 s of rest time.
|
RA Group: Resistance Training Before Aerobic Training
n=28 Participants
RA group: resistance exercise before aerobic exercise: Exercise are performed 3 times/wk for 8 wks.
Following a 5-min warm-up exercise, the participants perform resistance training on a set of equipment. Load of resistance exercise is set between 60-80% of repetition maximum in each set of exercise. Six different groups of resistance exercise (involving contractions and relaxations of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, quadriceps, and hamstrings) are conducted, with 6 sets of 10 repeated tasks in each group. Participants are instructed to finish each set of exercise task within 60 s. Between each two sets, there are 60 seconds of rest time.
Aerobic training sessions are performed using cycle ergometers. Riding speed is 55-60 rotations/min, at an intensity between 50%-75% of heart rate reserve. Real-time heart rate monitors are worn during the entire session. Each aerobic training session lasts for 30 minutes, with an 5-minute relaxation training after the session.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Continuous Glucose Monitoring at Baseline (Coefficient of Variation)
|
24.1 % of relative standard deviation
Standard Deviation 5.6
|
25.1 % of relative standard deviation
Standard Deviation 3.9
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: At baseline, within 14 days before the intervention starts, measurement lasts for 14 days (tir, tar, tbr)At baseline, 14-day continuous glucose monitoring including mean, sd, cv, lage, tir, tar, tbr
Outcome measures
| Measure |
AR Group: Aerobic Exercise Before Resistance Exercise
n=28 Participants
AR group: aerobic training before resistance training: Exercise are performed 3 times/wk for 8 wks.
Aerobic training sessions are performed using cycle ergometers. Riding speed is 55-60 rotations/min, at an intensity between 50%-75% of heart rate reserve (HRR). Real-time heart rate monitors are worn by each participant during the session. Aerobic training session lasts for 30 minutes, with an additional 5-minute warm-up and 5-min relaxation training before and after the session, respectively.
Participants perform resistance exercise on a set of strength training equipment. Load of resistance exercise is between 60-80% of repetition maximum (RM) in each set of exercise. Six different groups of resistance exercise (involving contractions and relaxations of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, quadriceps, and hamstrings) are conducted, with 6 sets of 10 repeated tasks in each group. Participants are instructed to finish each set of exercise task within 60 seconds. Between each two sets, there are 60 s of rest time.
|
RA Group: Resistance Training Before Aerobic Training
n=28 Participants
RA group: resistance exercise before aerobic exercise: Exercise are performed 3 times/wk for 8 wks.
Following a 5-min warm-up exercise, the participants perform resistance training on a set of equipment. Load of resistance exercise is set between 60-80% of repetition maximum in each set of exercise. Six different groups of resistance exercise (involving contractions and relaxations of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, quadriceps, and hamstrings) are conducted, with 6 sets of 10 repeated tasks in each group. Participants are instructed to finish each set of exercise task within 60 s. Between each two sets, there are 60 seconds of rest time.
Aerobic training sessions are performed using cycle ergometers. Riding speed is 55-60 rotations/min, at an intensity between 50%-75% of heart rate reserve. Real-time heart rate monitors are worn during the entire session. Each aerobic training session lasts for 30 minutes, with an 5-minute relaxation training after the session.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Continuous Glucose Monitoring at Baseline (Tir, Tar, Tbr)
time in range
|
72.3 % of measurement time
Standard Deviation 18.8
|
77.4 % of measurement time
Standard Deviation 16.7
|
|
Continuous Glucose Monitoring at Baseline (Tir, Tar, Tbr)
time above range
|
33.6 % of measurement time
Standard Deviation 26.4
|
23.9 % of measurement time
Standard Deviation 20.7
|
|
Continuous Glucose Monitoring at Baseline (Tir, Tar, Tbr)
time below range
|
0.4 % of measurement time
Standard Deviation 1.1
|
0.9 % of measurement time
Standard Deviation 2.1
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: at week 8-9After intervention, 14-day continuous glucose monitoring including mean, sd, cv, lage, tir, tar, tbr
Outcome measures
| Measure |
AR Group: Aerobic Exercise Before Resistance Exercise
n=28 Participants
AR group: aerobic training before resistance training: Exercise are performed 3 times/wk for 8 wks.
Aerobic training sessions are performed using cycle ergometers. Riding speed is 55-60 rotations/min, at an intensity between 50%-75% of heart rate reserve (HRR). Real-time heart rate monitors are worn by each participant during the session. Aerobic training session lasts for 30 minutes, with an additional 5-minute warm-up and 5-min relaxation training before and after the session, respectively.
Participants perform resistance exercise on a set of strength training equipment. Load of resistance exercise is between 60-80% of repetition maximum (RM) in each set of exercise. Six different groups of resistance exercise (involving contractions and relaxations of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, quadriceps, and hamstrings) are conducted, with 6 sets of 10 repeated tasks in each group. Participants are instructed to finish each set of exercise task within 60 seconds. Between each two sets, there are 60 s of rest time.
|
RA Group: Resistance Training Before Aerobic Training
n=28 Participants
RA group: resistance exercise before aerobic exercise: Exercise are performed 3 times/wk for 8 wks.
Following a 5-min warm-up exercise, the participants perform resistance training on a set of equipment. Load of resistance exercise is set between 60-80% of repetition maximum in each set of exercise. Six different groups of resistance exercise (involving contractions and relaxations of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, quadriceps, and hamstrings) are conducted, with 6 sets of 10 repeated tasks in each group. Participants are instructed to finish each set of exercise task within 60 s. Between each two sets, there are 60 seconds of rest time.
Aerobic training sessions are performed using cycle ergometers. Riding speed is 55-60 rotations/min, at an intensity between 50%-75% of heart rate reserve. Real-time heart rate monitors are worn during the entire session. Each aerobic training session lasts for 30 minutes, with an 5-minute relaxation training after the session.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Continuous Glucose Monitoring at Follow-up (Mean, sd, Lage)
Mean Glucose
|
8.2 mmol/L
Standard Deviation 1.0
|
8.4 mmol/L
Standard Deviation 1.6
|
|
Continuous Glucose Monitoring at Follow-up (Mean, sd, Lage)
Standard Deviation of Blood Glucose
|
2.4 mmol/L
Standard Deviation 0.7
|
2.1 mmol/L
Standard Deviation 0.5
|
|
Continuous Glucose Monitoring at Follow-up (Mean, sd, Lage)
Largest Amplitude of Glucose Excursion
|
9.1 mmol/L
Standard Deviation 2.2
|
8.1 mmol/L
Standard Deviation 1.5
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: at week 8-9At baseline, 14-day continuous glucose monitoring including mean glucose value, standard deviation (SD) of the glucose values, coefficient of variation (CV) of relative standard deviation, LAGE, TIR, TAR, TBR
Outcome measures
| Measure |
AR Group: Aerobic Exercise Before Resistance Exercise
n=28 Participants
AR group: aerobic training before resistance training: Exercise are performed 3 times/wk for 8 wks.
Aerobic training sessions are performed using cycle ergometers. Riding speed is 55-60 rotations/min, at an intensity between 50%-75% of heart rate reserve (HRR). Real-time heart rate monitors are worn by each participant during the session. Aerobic training session lasts for 30 minutes, with an additional 5-minute warm-up and 5-min relaxation training before and after the session, respectively.
Participants perform resistance exercise on a set of strength training equipment. Load of resistance exercise is between 60-80% of repetition maximum (RM) in each set of exercise. Six different groups of resistance exercise (involving contractions and relaxations of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, quadriceps, and hamstrings) are conducted, with 6 sets of 10 repeated tasks in each group. Participants are instructed to finish each set of exercise task within 60 seconds. Between each two sets, there are 60 s of rest time.
|
RA Group: Resistance Training Before Aerobic Training
n=28 Participants
RA group: resistance exercise before aerobic exercise: Exercise are performed 3 times/wk for 8 wks.
Following a 5-min warm-up exercise, the participants perform resistance training on a set of equipment. Load of resistance exercise is set between 60-80% of repetition maximum in each set of exercise. Six different groups of resistance exercise (involving contractions and relaxations of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, quadriceps, and hamstrings) are conducted, with 6 sets of 10 repeated tasks in each group. Participants are instructed to finish each set of exercise task within 60 s. Between each two sets, there are 60 seconds of rest time.
Aerobic training sessions are performed using cycle ergometers. Riding speed is 55-60 rotations/min, at an intensity between 50%-75% of heart rate reserve. Real-time heart rate monitors are worn during the entire session. Each aerobic training session lasts for 30 minutes, with an 5-minute relaxation training after the session.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Continuous Glucose Monitoring at Follow-up (Coefficient of Variation)
|
26.1 % of relative standard deviation
Standard Deviation 4.4
|
25.6 % of relative standard deviation
Standard Deviation 4.2
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: at week 8-9After intervention, 14-day continuous glucose monitoring including mean, sd, cv, lage, tir, tar, tbr
Outcome measures
| Measure |
AR Group: Aerobic Exercise Before Resistance Exercise
n=28 Participants
AR group: aerobic training before resistance training: Exercise are performed 3 times/wk for 8 wks.
Aerobic training sessions are performed using cycle ergometers. Riding speed is 55-60 rotations/min, at an intensity between 50%-75% of heart rate reserve (HRR). Real-time heart rate monitors are worn by each participant during the session. Aerobic training session lasts for 30 minutes, with an additional 5-minute warm-up and 5-min relaxation training before and after the session, respectively.
Participants perform resistance exercise on a set of strength training equipment. Load of resistance exercise is between 60-80% of repetition maximum (RM) in each set of exercise. Six different groups of resistance exercise (involving contractions and relaxations of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, quadriceps, and hamstrings) are conducted, with 6 sets of 10 repeated tasks in each group. Participants are instructed to finish each set of exercise task within 60 seconds. Between each two sets, there are 60 s of rest time.
|
RA Group: Resistance Training Before Aerobic Training
n=28 Participants
RA group: resistance exercise before aerobic exercise: Exercise are performed 3 times/wk for 8 wks.
Following a 5-min warm-up exercise, the participants perform resistance training on a set of equipment. Load of resistance exercise is set between 60-80% of repetition maximum in each set of exercise. Six different groups of resistance exercise (involving contractions and relaxations of biceps, triceps, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, quadriceps, and hamstrings) are conducted, with 6 sets of 10 repeated tasks in each group. Participants are instructed to finish each set of exercise task within 60 s. Between each two sets, there are 60 seconds of rest time.
Aerobic training sessions are performed using cycle ergometers. Riding speed is 55-60 rotations/min, at an intensity between 50%-75% of heart rate reserve. Real-time heart rate monitors are worn during the entire session. Each aerobic training session lasts for 30 minutes, with an 5-minute relaxation training after the session.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Continuous Glucose Monitoring at Follow-up (Tir, Tar, Tbr)
Time In Range
|
75.9 % of measurement time
Standard Deviation 12.9
|
78.0 % of measurement time
Standard Deviation 13.9
|
|
Continuous Glucose Monitoring at Follow-up (Tir, Tar, Tbr)
Time Above Range
|
27.6 % of measurement time
Standard Deviation 21.6
|
26.1 % of measurement time
Standard Deviation 20.6
|
|
Continuous Glucose Monitoring at Follow-up (Tir, Tar, Tbr)
Time Below Range
|
1.4 % of measurement time
Standard Deviation 4.3
|
0.9 % of measurement time
Standard Deviation 2.1
|
Adverse Events
AR Group: Aerobic Exercise Before Resistance Exercise
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
RA Group: Resistance Training Before Aerobic Training
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place