Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
75 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2019-03-22
2020-02-02
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Clinical periodontal indices included probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), the dichotomous scoring of bleeding on probing (BOP +/-), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI). Clinical recordings were performed at six points (mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal, mesiopalatal/mesiolingual, palatal/lingual, and distopalatal/distolingual) of all teeth, except the 3rd molars, by a single investigator using a conventional periodontal probe.
Interproximal radiographic bone loss on the digital panoramic radiographs were evaluated, as the ratio of the distance between the bone crest and the cemento-enamel junction to the length of the root.
GCF and unstimulated whole saliva samples were obtained 1 day following the clinical periodontal measurements. Immediately after saliva collection, GCF was collected from the buccal aspects of non-contiguous interproximal sites in two single-rooted teeth via steril paper strips. Fluid samples were obtained from two deepest pockets in periodontitis group and the most inflamed sites with clinical signs of redness or edema in gingivitis group. In the periodontally healthy groups, samples were taken from the sites without visible inflammation. All samples were stored at -80 °C until further analysis.
Measurement of Activin-A and IL-1β levels in GCF and saliva samples were performed by the commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. While GCF cytokine levels were expressed as both total amounts at two samples per 30 s and concentrations, salivary cytokine levels were presented as concentrations.
A statistical software package was used for all data analyses. If the clinical and biochemical data did not present normal distribution as checked by Shapiro Wilk's normality test, the analyses were performed by using nonparametric methods. The Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc method was applied to compare the study groups regarding clinical indices and oral biofluid levels of Activin-A and IL-1β. The presence and degree of linear association of cytokine levels in GCF and saliva with clinical indices were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation coefficient. p\<0.05 was considered as a threshold for statistical significance.
Conditions
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Study Design
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CASE_CONTROL
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Study Groups
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Periodontitis
This group consisted of patients with generalized stage III periodontitis, who had interproximal CAL≥5 mm and PD≥6 mm as well as radiographical bone loss extending to the mid-third of the root or beyond at 30% of the teeth or more. CAL was not caused by trauma-related gingival recession, dental caries extending into the cervical areas of the teeth, endodontic lesions draining through the marginal periodontium, and the distal bone loss in adjacent second molars due to extractions of third molars. They showed no more than four teeth loss due to periodontitis.
Periodontal clinical measurements, GCF and saliva sampling
Clinical periodontal indices included probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), the dichotomous scoring of bleeding on probing (BOP +/-), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI). Clinical recordings were performed at six points (mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal, mesiopalatal, palatal, and distopalatal) of all teeth, except the 3rd molars.
GCF and saliva samples were obtained 1 day following the clinical measurements. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from all participants. GCF was sampled with paper strips from two deepest pockets in periodontitis group; the most inflamed sites with clinical signs of redness or edema in gingivitis group; and the sites without visible inflammation in periodontally healthy group. GCF and saliva samples were stored at -80 °C until further analysis.
Gingivitis
This group demonstrated no detectable interproximal CAL or radiographical bone loss. PD was ≤3 mm and BOP (%) was ≥30% in the entire mouth.
Periodontal clinical measurements, GCF and saliva sampling
Clinical periodontal indices included probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), the dichotomous scoring of bleeding on probing (BOP +/-), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI). Clinical recordings were performed at six points (mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal, mesiopalatal, palatal, and distopalatal) of all teeth, except the 3rd molars.
GCF and saliva samples were obtained 1 day following the clinical measurements. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from all participants. GCF was sampled with paper strips from two deepest pockets in periodontitis group; the most inflamed sites with clinical signs of redness or edema in gingivitis group; and the sites without visible inflammation in periodontally healthy group. GCF and saliva samples were stored at -80 °C until further analysis.
Periodontal health
This healthy control group had an intact periodontium without detectable CAL and radiographical bone loss. PD was ≤3 mm and BOP (%) was \<10% in the entire mouth.
Periodontal clinical measurements, GCF and saliva sampling
Clinical periodontal indices included probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), the dichotomous scoring of bleeding on probing (BOP +/-), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI). Clinical recordings were performed at six points (mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal, mesiopalatal, palatal, and distopalatal) of all teeth, except the 3rd molars.
GCF and saliva samples were obtained 1 day following the clinical measurements. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from all participants. GCF was sampled with paper strips from two deepest pockets in periodontitis group; the most inflamed sites with clinical signs of redness or edema in gingivitis group; and the sites without visible inflammation in periodontally healthy group. GCF and saliva samples were stored at -80 °C until further analysis.
Interventions
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Periodontal clinical measurements, GCF and saliva sampling
Clinical periodontal indices included probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), the dichotomous scoring of bleeding on probing (BOP +/-), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI). Clinical recordings were performed at six points (mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal, mesiopalatal, palatal, and distopalatal) of all teeth, except the 3rd molars.
GCF and saliva samples were obtained 1 day following the clinical measurements. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from all participants. GCF was sampled with paper strips from two deepest pockets in periodontitis group; the most inflamed sites with clinical signs of redness or edema in gingivitis group; and the sites without visible inflammation in periodontally healthy group. GCF and saliva samples were stored at -80 °C until further analysis.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* at least 18 natural teeth excluding 3rd molars.
Exclusion Criteria
* having periodontal treatment in the previous year
* wearing removable partial dentures or orthodontic appliances
* restorative and endodontic therapy requirements
* pregnant or nursing women.
27 Years
48 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Aydin Adnan Menderes University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Beral Afacan
Assoc. Prof.
Principal Investigators
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Beral Afacan
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aydın Adnan Menderes University
Locations
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Aydın Adnan Menderes University
Aydin, , Turkey (Türkiye)
Countries
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Other Identifiers
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Activin-A
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id