Trial Outcomes & Findings for CAE for Poorly Adherent Individuals With Schizophrenia (NCT NCT06061952)

NCT ID: NCT06061952

Last Updated: 2025-11-18

Results Overview

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

36 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

12 weeks

Results posted on

2025-11-18

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Customized Adherence Enhancement for Schizophrenia (CAE-S)
CAE is an adjunctive (to standard medication treatment) behavioral intervention delivered virtually (real-time one on one video-conferencing) in 6 individual sessions. All participants will receive content from the 4 currently existing CAE modules delivered over a 6-session series spaced out over approximately 6-10 weeks. The material from the 4 modules will be broken down into predetermined sub-sections and delivered in 6 sessions. The modules themselves are delivered in sections (thematic units within the module) and do not correspond to a specific session. The 4 CAE modules are Psychoeducation, Communication with Providers, Medication Routines, and Substance Use. Customized Adherence Enhancement for Schizophrenia (CAE-S): 6-session series spaced out over approximately 6-10 weeks
Enhanced Treatment as Usual (eTAU)
To optimize control intervention rigor, the eTAU participants will view a pre-taped series of 6 videos (based on NAMI or DBSA general wellness guidelines) 1:1 with a therapist who has similar credentials and competency as the CAE mental health clinician. The therapist will view the video with the participant and field questions the patient may have. Enhanced Treatment as Usual (eTAU): eTAU participants will view a pre-taped series of 6 videos
Overall Study
STARTED
19
17
Overall Study
COMPLETED
16
13
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
3
4

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Customized Adherence Enhancement for Schizophrenia (CAE-S)
CAE is an adjunctive (to standard medication treatment) behavioral intervention delivered virtually (real-time one on one video-conferencing) in 6 individual sessions. All participants will receive content from the 4 currently existing CAE modules delivered over a 6-session series spaced out over approximately 6-10 weeks. The material from the 4 modules will be broken down into predetermined sub-sections and delivered in 6 sessions. The modules themselves are delivered in sections (thematic units within the module) and do not correspond to a specific session. The 4 CAE modules are Psychoeducation, Communication with Providers, Medication Routines, and Substance Use. Customized Adherence Enhancement for Schizophrenia (CAE-S): 6-session series spaced out over approximately 6-10 weeks
Enhanced Treatment as Usual (eTAU)
To optimize control intervention rigor, the eTAU participants will view a pre-taped series of 6 videos (based on NAMI or DBSA general wellness guidelines) 1:1 with a therapist who has similar credentials and competency as the CAE mental health clinician. The therapist will view the video with the participant and field questions the patient may have. Enhanced Treatment as Usual (eTAU): eTAU participants will view a pre-taped series of 6 videos
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
1
2
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
2
2

Baseline Characteristics

There were very few participants who had been hospitalized for substance use (4 participants overall - 3 in the CAE-S group and 1 in the eTAU group), so the decision was made to calculate mean number of hospitalizations using only those who had a hospitalization for substance use.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Customized Adherence Enhancement for Schizophrenia (CAE-S)
n=19 Participants
CAE is an adjunctive (to standard medication treatment) behavioral intervention delivered virtually (real-time one on one video-conferencing) in 6 individual sessions. All participants will receive content from the 4 currently existing CAE modules delivered over a 6-session series spaced out over approximately 6-10 weeks. The material from the 4 modules will be broken down into predetermined sub-sections and delivered in 6 sessions. The modules themselves are delivered in sections (thematic units within the module) and do not correspond to a specific session. The 4 CAE modules are Psychoeducation, Communication with Providers, Medication Routines, and Substance Use. Customized Adherence Enhancement for Schizophrenia (CAE-S): 6-session series spaced out over approximately 6-10 weeks
Enhanced Treatment as Usual (eTAU)
n=17 Participants
To optimize control intervention rigor, the eTAU participants will view a pre-taped series of 6 videos (based on NAMI or DBSA general wellness guidelines) 1:1 with a therapist who has similar credentials and competency as the CAE mental health clinician. The therapist will view the video with the participant and field questions the patient may have. Enhanced Treatment as Usual (eTAU): eTAU participants will view a pre-taped series of 6 videos
Total
n=36 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
42.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.9 • n=19 Participants
47.4 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.9 • n=17 Participants
44.9 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.0 • n=36 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
13 Participants
n=19 Participants
12 Participants
n=17 Participants
25 Participants
n=36 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
6 Participants
n=19 Participants
5 Participants
n=17 Participants
11 Participants
n=36 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
2 Participants
n=19 Participants
0 Participants
n=17 Participants
2 Participants
n=36 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
17 Participants
n=19 Participants
17 Participants
n=17 Participants
34 Participants
n=36 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=19 Participants
0 Participants
n=17 Participants
0 Participants
n=36 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
White
10 Participants
n=19 Participants
8 Participants
n=17 Participants
18 Participants
n=36 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Non-White
9 Participants
n=19 Participants
9 Participants
n=17 Participants
18 Participants
n=36 Participants
Martial Status
Single, Never Married
11 Participants
n=19 Participants
14 Participants
n=17 Participants
25 Participants
n=36 Participants
Martial Status
Married
4 Participants
n=19 Participants
0 Participants
n=17 Participants
4 Participants
n=36 Participants
Martial Status
Previously Married (Separated/Divorced/Widowed)
4 Participants
n=19 Participants
3 Participants
n=17 Participants
7 Participants
n=36 Participants
Years of Education
13.4 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.4 • n=19 Participants
13.5 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.2 • n=17 Participants
13.4 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.3 • n=36 Participants
Employment Status
Employed
7 Participants
n=19 Participants
6 Participants
n=17 Participants
13 Participants
n=36 Participants
Employment Status
Unemployed
12 Participants
n=19 Participants
11 Participants
n=17 Participants
23 Participants
n=36 Participants
Health Insurance Status
Medicaid
10 Participants
n=19 Participants
12 Participants
n=17 Participants
22 Participants
n=36 Participants
Health Insurance Status
Medicare
9 Participants
n=19 Participants
9 Participants
n=17 Participants
18 Participants
n=36 Participants
Health Insurance Status
Private
2 Participants
n=19 Participants
1 Participants
n=17 Participants
3 Participants
n=36 Participants
Health Insurance Status
No Insurance
2 Participants
n=19 Participants
0 Participants
n=17 Participants
2 Participants
n=36 Participants
Health Insurance Status
Other
1 Participants
n=19 Participants
0 Participants
n=17 Participants
1 Participants
n=36 Participants
Age at schizophrenia diagnosis
23.8 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.8 • n=19 Participants
26.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.3 • n=17 Participants
25.1 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.1 • n=36 Participants
BMI
32.7 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.3 • n=19 Participants
33.6 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.0 • n=17 Participants
33.2 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.6 • n=36 Participants
History of physical abuse
10 Participants
n=19 Participants
8 Participants
n=17 Participants
18 Participants
n=36 Participants
History of sexual abuse
9 Participants
n=19 Participants
7 Participants
n=17 Participants
16 Participants
n=36 Participants
PANSS total score
61.7 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.8 • n=19 Participants
66.6 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.5 • n=17 Participants
64 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.4 • n=36 Participants
Hospitalizations (lifetime)
For schizophrenia
6.7 Number of hospitalizations
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.0 • n=19 Participants • There were very few participants who had been hospitalized for substance use (4 participants overall - 3 in the CAE-S group and 1 in the eTAU group), so the decision was made to calculate mean number of hospitalizations using only those who had a hospitalization for substance use.
4.9 Number of hospitalizations
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.3 • n=17 Participants • There were very few participants who had been hospitalized for substance use (4 participants overall - 3 in the CAE-S group and 1 in the eTAU group), so the decision was made to calculate mean number of hospitalizations using only those who had a hospitalization for substance use.
5.6 Number of hospitalizations
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.5 • n=36 Participants • There were very few participants who had been hospitalized for substance use (4 participants overall - 3 in the CAE-S group and 1 in the eTAU group), so the decision was made to calculate mean number of hospitalizations using only those who had a hospitalization for substance use.
Hospitalizations (lifetime)
For substance abuse
2.6 Number of hospitalizations
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.2 • n=3 Participants • There were very few participants who had been hospitalized for substance use (4 participants overall - 3 in the CAE-S group and 1 in the eTAU group), so the decision was made to calculate mean number of hospitalizations using only those who had a hospitalization for substance use.
3 Number of hospitalizations
n=1 Participants • There were very few participants who had been hospitalized for substance use (4 participants overall - 3 in the CAE-S group and 1 in the eTAU group), so the decision was made to calculate mean number of hospitalizations using only those who had a hospitalization for substance use.
2.8 Number of hospitalizations
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1 • n=4 Participants • There were very few participants who had been hospitalized for substance use (4 participants overall - 3 in the CAE-S group and 1 in the eTAU group), so the decision was made to calculate mean number of hospitalizations using only those who had a hospitalization for substance use.
Health resource use, past 3 months
All-cause hospitalizations
0.05 number of events
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.2 • n=19 Participants
0.24 number of events
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8 • n=17 Participants
0.14 number of events
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.5 • n=36 Participants
Health resource use, past 3 months
Emergency room / urgent care
1.3 number of events
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.4 • n=19 Participants
0.9 number of events
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.2 • n=17 Participants
1.1 number of events
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.6 • n=36 Participants
Health resource use, past 3 months
Any outpatient visits
7.5 number of events
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.6 • n=19 Participants
6.4 number of events
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.3 • n=17 Participants
7 number of events
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.5 • n=36 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 weeks

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Customized Adherence Enhancement for Schizophrenia (CAE-S)
n=19 Participants
CAE is an adjunctive (to standard medication treatment) behavioral intervention delivered virtually (real-time one on one video-conferencing) in 6 individual sessions. All participants will receive content from the 4 currently existing CAE modules delivered over a 6-session series spaced out over approximately 6-10 weeks. The material from the 4 modules will be broken down into predetermined sub-sections and delivered in 6 sessions. The modules themselves are delivered in sections (thematic units within the module) and do not correspond to a specific session. The 4 CAE modules are Psychoeducation, Communication with Providers, Medication Routines, and Substance Use. Customized Adherence Enhancement for Schizophrenia (CAE-S): 6-session series spaced out over approximately 6-10 weeks
Enhanced Treatment as Usual (eTAU)
To optimize control intervention rigor, the eTAU participants will view a pre-taped series of 6 videos (based on NAMI or DBSA general wellness guidelines) 1:1 with a therapist who has similar credentials and competency as the CAE mental health clinician. The therapist will view the video with the participant and field questions the patient may have. Enhanced Treatment as Usual (eTAU): eTAU participants will view a pre-taped series of 6 videos
Average Number of CAE-S Sessions Attended by Those in the CAE-S Group After 12 Weeks
4.89 Number of sessions attended
Standard Deviation 1.9

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 weeks

Population: Only 16 of the 19 participants randomized to CAE-S provided data on satisfaction with CAE-S

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Customized Adherence Enhancement for Schizophrenia (CAE-S)
n=16 Participants
CAE is an adjunctive (to standard medication treatment) behavioral intervention delivered virtually (real-time one on one video-conferencing) in 6 individual sessions. All participants will receive content from the 4 currently existing CAE modules delivered over a 6-session series spaced out over approximately 6-10 weeks. The material from the 4 modules will be broken down into predetermined sub-sections and delivered in 6 sessions. The modules themselves are delivered in sections (thematic units within the module) and do not correspond to a specific session. The 4 CAE modules are Psychoeducation, Communication with Providers, Medication Routines, and Substance Use. Customized Adherence Enhancement for Schizophrenia (CAE-S): 6-session series spaced out over approximately 6-10 weeks
Enhanced Treatment as Usual (eTAU)
To optimize control intervention rigor, the eTAU participants will view a pre-taped series of 6 videos (based on NAMI or DBSA general wellness guidelines) 1:1 with a therapist who has similar credentials and competency as the CAE mental health clinician. The therapist will view the video with the participant and field questions the patient may have. Enhanced Treatment as Usual (eTAU): eTAU participants will view a pre-taped series of 6 videos
Percentage of Subjects in the CAE-S Group That Agree or Strongly Agree That the Intervention Was Useful at 12 Weeks
93.8 percentage of CAE-S participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 weeks

Population: Only 16 participants in the CAE-S group and only 13 participants in the eTAU group provided Week 12 data

The PANSS is a clinician rated scale used for measuring symptom severity of patients with schizophrenia. Total scores range from 30 to 210, with higher scores indicating more severe schizophrenia

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Customized Adherence Enhancement for Schizophrenia (CAE-S)
n=16 Participants
CAE is an adjunctive (to standard medication treatment) behavioral intervention delivered virtually (real-time one on one video-conferencing) in 6 individual sessions. All participants will receive content from the 4 currently existing CAE modules delivered over a 6-session series spaced out over approximately 6-10 weeks. The material from the 4 modules will be broken down into predetermined sub-sections and delivered in 6 sessions. The modules themselves are delivered in sections (thematic units within the module) and do not correspond to a specific session. The 4 CAE modules are Psychoeducation, Communication with Providers, Medication Routines, and Substance Use. Customized Adherence Enhancement for Schizophrenia (CAE-S): 6-session series spaced out over approximately 6-10 weeks
Enhanced Treatment as Usual (eTAU)
n=13 Participants
To optimize control intervention rigor, the eTAU participants will view a pre-taped series of 6 videos (based on NAMI or DBSA general wellness guidelines) 1:1 with a therapist who has similar credentials and competency as the CAE mental health clinician. The therapist will view the video with the participant and field questions the patient may have. Enhanced Treatment as Usual (eTAU): eTAU participants will view a pre-taped series of 6 videos
Change in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score Between CAE-S and eTAU Groups at 12 Weeks
Baseline
60.9 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.5
66.0 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.7
Change in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score Between CAE-S and eTAU Groups at 12 Weeks
Week 12
53.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.0
54.2 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 weeks

Population: Only 16 participants in the CAE-S group and only 13 participants in the eTAU group provided Week 12 data

The TRQ is a validated self-report measure that identifies proportion of days with missed doses in the past 7 days (past-week) and in the past 30 days (past-month). Lower scores (a smaller proportion/percentage n of missed medication) represent better adherence, while higher scores (a larger proportion/percentage of missed medication) represent worse adherence.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Customized Adherence Enhancement for Schizophrenia (CAE-S)
n=16 Participants
CAE is an adjunctive (to standard medication treatment) behavioral intervention delivered virtually (real-time one on one video-conferencing) in 6 individual sessions. All participants will receive content from the 4 currently existing CAE modules delivered over a 6-session series spaced out over approximately 6-10 weeks. The material from the 4 modules will be broken down into predetermined sub-sections and delivered in 6 sessions. The modules themselves are delivered in sections (thematic units within the module) and do not correspond to a specific session. The 4 CAE modules are Psychoeducation, Communication with Providers, Medication Routines, and Substance Use. Customized Adherence Enhancement for Schizophrenia (CAE-S): 6-session series spaced out over approximately 6-10 weeks
Enhanced Treatment as Usual (eTAU)
n=13 Participants
To optimize control intervention rigor, the eTAU participants will view a pre-taped series of 6 videos (based on NAMI or DBSA general wellness guidelines) 1:1 with a therapist who has similar credentials and competency as the CAE mental health clinician. The therapist will view the video with the participant and field questions the patient may have. Enhanced Treatment as Usual (eTAU): eTAU participants will view a pre-taped series of 6 videos
Change in Tablets Routine Questionnaire in the Past 7 Days (TRQ) at 12 Weeks
Baseline
13.4 Percentage of days with missed doses
Standard Deviation 16.5
13.2 Percentage of days with missed doses
Standard Deviation 10.9
Change in Tablets Routine Questionnaire in the Past 7 Days (TRQ) at 12 Weeks
Week 12
17.9 Percentage of days with missed doses
Standard Deviation 28.0
8.8 Percentage of days with missed doses
Standard Deviation 11.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 weeks

Population: Only 16 participants in the CAE-S group and only 13 participants in the eTAU group provided Week 12 data

The TRQ is a validated self-report measure that identifies proportion of days with missed doses in the past 7 days (past-week) and in the past 30 days (past-month). Lower scores (a smaller proportion/percentage n of missed medication) represent better adherence, while higher scores (a larger proportion/percentage of missed medication) represent worse adherence.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Customized Adherence Enhancement for Schizophrenia (CAE-S)
n=16 Participants
CAE is an adjunctive (to standard medication treatment) behavioral intervention delivered virtually (real-time one on one video-conferencing) in 6 individual sessions. All participants will receive content from the 4 currently existing CAE modules delivered over a 6-session series spaced out over approximately 6-10 weeks. The material from the 4 modules will be broken down into predetermined sub-sections and delivered in 6 sessions. The modules themselves are delivered in sections (thematic units within the module) and do not correspond to a specific session. The 4 CAE modules are Psychoeducation, Communication with Providers, Medication Routines, and Substance Use. Customized Adherence Enhancement for Schizophrenia (CAE-S): 6-session series spaced out over approximately 6-10 weeks
Enhanced Treatment as Usual (eTAU)
n=13 Participants
To optimize control intervention rigor, the eTAU participants will view a pre-taped series of 6 videos (based on NAMI or DBSA general wellness guidelines) 1:1 with a therapist who has similar credentials and competency as the CAE mental health clinician. The therapist will view the video with the participant and field questions the patient may have. Enhanced Treatment as Usual (eTAU): eTAU participants will view a pre-taped series of 6 videos
Change in Tablets Routine Questionnaire in the Past 30 Days (TRQ) at 12 Weeks
Baseline
11.9 Percentage of days with missed doses
Standard Deviation 20.7
7.7 Percentage of days with missed doses
Standard Deviation 8.6
Change in Tablets Routine Questionnaire in the Past 30 Days (TRQ) at 12 Weeks
Week 12
7.4 Percentage of days with missed doses
Standard Deviation 8.7
5.4 Percentage of days with missed doses
Standard Deviation 7.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 weeks

Population: We only have eCAP data on 11 participants in the CAE-S group and 8 participants in the eTAU group

Study participants will be given an eCAP device for one of their pill bottles, which will record time/date of bottle opening. eCAP will be used to monitor the antipsychotic dosed most often (index drug). If more than one drug is dosed at the same frequency, the antipsychotic most recently added to the regimen will be the index drug.. Investigators will calculate a percent of doses taken by dividing the number of times the bottle is opened by the number of times it should have been opened as per the prescription.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Customized Adherence Enhancement for Schizophrenia (CAE-S)
n=11 Participants
CAE is an adjunctive (to standard medication treatment) behavioral intervention delivered virtually (real-time one on one video-conferencing) in 6 individual sessions. All participants will receive content from the 4 currently existing CAE modules delivered over a 6-session series spaced out over approximately 6-10 weeks. The material from the 4 modules will be broken down into predetermined sub-sections and delivered in 6 sessions. The modules themselves are delivered in sections (thematic units within the module) and do not correspond to a specific session. The 4 CAE modules are Psychoeducation, Communication with Providers, Medication Routines, and Substance Use. Customized Adherence Enhancement for Schizophrenia (CAE-S): 6-session series spaced out over approximately 6-10 weeks
Enhanced Treatment as Usual (eTAU)
n=8 Participants
To optimize control intervention rigor, the eTAU participants will view a pre-taped series of 6 videos (based on NAMI or DBSA general wellness guidelines) 1:1 with a therapist who has similar credentials and competency as the CAE mental health clinician. The therapist will view the video with the participant and field questions the patient may have. Enhanced Treatment as Usual (eTAU): eTAU participants will view a pre-taped series of 6 videos
Change in eCAP Use in the Past Week at 12 Weeks
Baseline
20.8 Percentage of missed doses
Standard Deviation 34.0
32.1 Percentage of missed doses
Standard Deviation 32.2
Change in eCAP Use in the Past Week at 12 Weeks
Week 12
33.8 Percentage of missed doses
Standard Deviation 36.9
50 Percentage of missed doses
Standard Deviation 35.0

Adverse Events

Customized Adherence Enhancement for Schizophrenia (CAE-S)

Serious events: 2 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Enhanced Treatment as Usual (eTAU)

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure
Customized Adherence Enhancement for Schizophrenia (CAE-S)
n=19 participants at risk
CAE is an adjunctive (to standard medication treatment) behavioral intervention delivered virtually (real-time one on one video-conferencing) in 6 individual sessions. All participants will receive content from the 4 currently existing CAE modules delivered over a 6-session series spaced out over approximately 6-10 weeks. The material from the 4 modules will be broken down into predetermined sub-sections and delivered in 6 sessions. The modules themselves are delivered in sections (thematic units within the module) and do not correspond to a specific session. The 4 CAE modules are Psychoeducation, Communication with Providers, Medication Routines, and Substance Use. Customized Adherence Enhancement for Schizophrenia (CAE-S): 6-session series spaced out over approximately 6-10 weeks
Enhanced Treatment as Usual (eTAU)
n=17 participants at risk
To optimize control intervention rigor, the eTAU participants will view a pre-taped series of 6 videos (based on NAMI or DBSA general wellness guidelines) 1:1 with a therapist who has similar credentials and competency as the CAE mental health clinician. The therapist will view the video with the participant and field questions the patient may have. Enhanced Treatment as Usual (eTAU): eTAU participants will view a pre-taped series of 6 videos
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Hospitalization due to pneumonia
5.3%
1/19 • Number of events 1 • 12 weeks
0.00%
0/17 • 12 weeks
Endocrine disorders
Hospitalization due to diabetes complications
5.3%
1/19 • Number of events 1 • 12 weeks
0.00%
0/17 • 12 weeks
Renal and urinary disorders
Hospitalization due to renal complications
5.3%
1/19 • Number of events 1 • 12 weeks
0.00%
0/17 • 12 weeks
Psychiatric disorders
Hospitalization due to psychiatric symptoms
5.3%
1/19 • Number of events 1 • 12 weeks
0.00%
0/17 • 12 weeks

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Martha Sajatovic, MD

University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center

Phone: 216-844-2808

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place