Can Psychopathy be Prevented? Clinical, Neuroimaging and Genetic Data

NCT ID: NCT06028620

Last Updated: 2023-12-01

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

25 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2020-02-01

Study Completion Date

2022-06-01

Brief Summary

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The goal of this clinical trial was to learn about the effect of maltreatment on psychological and brain characteristics in a group of children. The main question it aims to answer are: which are the clinical characteristics of maltreated children before and after a psychological intervention? what changes in brain emotional processing after a psychological intervention? and what is the effect of serotonin transporter variants after a psychological therapy? Participants were assessed before and after intervention with:

* clinical measures of anxiety, depression post-traumatic stress and callous-unemotional traits
* functional neuroimaging techniques to measure brain activity.
* A sample of buccal epithelial cells to obtain information on serotonin transporter.

Researchers will compare maltreated children with a group on non-maltreated children to see if there are differences on psychological characteristics and on brain activity before treatment.

Detailed Description

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Participants Twenty-five children who suffered child abuse were initially referred by a non-governmental shelter in Mexico City. Children were removed from their homes and placed at the shelter because one or both parents were undergoing judicial processes for various crimes, including child abuse. None of the children had ever received psychological therapy because the shelter did not have a protocol for psychological intervention. After a thorough search for the most appropriate therapy, the TF-CBT was chosen. The information was shared with the shelter administrative board. Once authorities and health professionals at the shelter were informed about the aim of the study, they agreed about the appropriateness of the intervention. A group of trained psychologists would apply the TF-CBT as part of the research protocol. Only children who met the inclusion criteria would participate. Parents or primary caregivers gave their informed written consent for their children to participate in the study. Ethical approval of the study was granted, and the research was performed in accordance with the Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki.

The final sample consisted of an experimental group of 14 MC which included 4 boys and 10 girls (mean age = 8.77 years old, S.D.=1.83), who had experienced a positive history of different types of trauma, and a control group of 10 HC from the general population who were developing normally and were age-matched to the MC (4 boys and 6 girls) (mean age = 9.57 years old, S.D. = 1.91). They were recruited through an advertisement placed at the Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico UNAM or by direct referral from parents of previous participants in other studies. All were residents of Mexico City. The study protocol was conducted with the approval of the UNAM Institutional Review Board.

Clinical scales A comprehensive clinical battery was used to assess all participants through the administration of the following assessment tools: The Child Depression Inventory-CDI Spanish version. The Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-SCAS standardized on a sample of Mexican children, the Child PTSD Symptom Scale-CPSS Spanish version, and the Inventory of Callous Unemotional Traits-ICU Spanish version.

Procedure The MC group was assessed before and after the implementation of Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavior Therapy TF-CBT using clinical scales and an emotion paradigm through functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI. The HC group was also assessed and scanned twice.

Of the total sample, 14 MC completed the TF-CBT modules and came in for their post-treatment assessment session. In addition, the 10 HC who, according to their parents, had not completed any type of psychological intervention during those 4 months, and still met the inclusion criteria for the initial control group were selected and returned for their post-evaluation session.

Conditions

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Psychopathic Personality Trait

Keywords

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children maltreatment neurodevelopmental psychopathy post-traumatic stress disorder neuroimaging brain reorganization

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NON_RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Maltreated children

The Maltreated Children group was assessed before and after a psychological intervention using clinical scales (anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and Callous unemotional traits) and an emotion paradigm through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The psychological intervention implemented with the maltreated group was the Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavior Therapy.

For this study, 12 to 16 sessions of 60-90 min each, were implemented once a week for 4 months. 14 out of 15 maltreated children completed the TF-CBT units and one week after that, they underwent the post-treatment assessment.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

TF-CBT consisted of 8 units in which different issues realted to trauma are reviewed. Units are: psychoeducation and parenting skills, relaxation techniques, affective expression and regulation, cognitive coping and processing, trauma narrative and processing, in vivo exposure, co-joint sessions and enhancing safety and future growth.

Healthy Control group

This group did not have any records of maltreatment. They were assessed using clinical scales (anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and Callous unemotional traits) and an emotion paradigm through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Their scores and brain images were compared with the maltreatment group before this group underwent psychological treatment.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavior Therapy

TF-CBT consisted of 8 units in which different issues realted to trauma are reviewed. Units are: psychoeducation and parenting skills, relaxation techniques, affective expression and regulation, cognitive coping and processing, trauma narrative and processing, in vivo exposure, co-joint sessions and enhancing safety and future growth.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

For maltreated children group (MC)

* Ages between 7 to 12 years old
* History of trauma or abuse
* Symptoms of Post traumatic stress disorder
* Symptoms of anxiety

For healthy control (HC)

* Ages between 7 to 12 years old
* No history of trauma or abuse
* Absence or low symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
* Absence or low symptoms of anxiety

Exclusion Criteria

• Any neurodevelopmental, medical condition or risk factor other than maltreatment.
Minimum Eligible Age

7 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

12 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Feggy Ostrosky Shejet

Head of Neuropsychology and Psychophisiology Laboratory

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Feggy Ostrosky, Ph.D.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Facultad de Psicología UNAM

Locations

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Facultad de Psicología UNAM

Mexico City, , Mexico

Site Status

Countries

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Mexico

References

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Admon R, Milad MR, Hendler T. A causal model of post-traumatic stress disorder: disentangling predisposed from acquired neural abnormalities. Trends Cogn Sci. 2013 Jul;17(7):337-47. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2013.05.005. Epub 2013 Jun 12.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23768722 (View on PubMed)

Akiki TJ, Averill CL, Abdallah CG. A Network-Based Neurobiological Model of PTSD: Evidence From Structural and Functional Neuroimaging Studies. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2017 Sep 19;19(11):81. doi: 10.1007/s11920-017-0840-4.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 28924828 (View on PubMed)

Blair RJ, Leibenluft E, Pine DS. Conduct disorder and callous-unemotional traits in youth. N Engl J Med. 2014 Dec 4;371(23):2207-16. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1315612.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 25470696 (View on PubMed)

Blair, R. J. R., Mitchell, D. G. V., Peschardt, K. S., Colledge, E., Leonard, R. A., Shine, J. H., Murray, L. K., & Perrett, D. I. (2004). Reduced sensitivity to others' fearful expressions in psychopathic individuals. Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 1111-1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2003.10.008

Reference Type RESULT

Bustos, P., Rincón, P., & Aedo, J. (2009). Validación Preliminar de la Escala Infantil de Síntomas del Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (Child PTSD Symptom Scale, CPSS) en Niños/as y Adolescentes Víctimas de Violencia Sexual. Psykhe (Santiago), 18(2). https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-22282009000200008

Reference Type RESULT

Deblinger E, Mannarino AP, Cohen JA, Runyon MK, Steer RA. Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for children: impact of the trauma narrative and treatment length. Depress Anxiety. 2011 Jan;28(1):67-75. doi: 10.1002/da.20744. Epub 2010 Sep 9.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 20830695 (View on PubMed)

Decety, J. (2015). The neural pathways, development and functions of empathy. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 3, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2014.12.001

Reference Type RESULT

Kimonis ER, Goulter N, Hawes DJ, Wilbur RR, Groer MW. Neuroendocrine factors distinguish juvenile psychopathy variants. Dev Psychobiol. 2017 Mar;59(2):161-173. doi: 10.1002/dev.21473. Epub 2016 Sep 12.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 27616728 (View on PubMed)

Patriat R, Birn RM, Keding TJ, Herringa RJ. Default-Mode Network Abnormalities in Pediatric Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016 Apr;55(4):319-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.01.010. Epub 2016 Feb 4.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 27015723 (View on PubMed)

Viding E, Fontaine NM, Oliver BR, Plomin R. Negative parental discipline, conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits: monozygotic twin differences study. Br J Psychiatry. 2009 Nov;195(5):414-9. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.108.061192.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 19880931 (View on PubMed)

Weems CF, Russell JD, Neill EL, McCurdy BH. Annual Research Review: Pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder from a neurodevelopmental network perspective. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2019 Apr;60(4):395-408. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12996. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 30357832 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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A1-S-13501

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id