The Effect of a Six Week Intensified Pharmacological Treatment for Bipolar Depression Compared to Treatment as Usual in Subjects Who Had a First-time Treatment Failure on Their First-line Treatment.

NCT ID: NCT05973786

Last Updated: 2025-09-26

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

418 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-02-11

Study Completion Date

2028-06-30

Brief Summary

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Bipolar disorders affect approximately 4.5 million people across the European Union (EU) and are associated with high annual healthcare and societal costs. Bipolar disorder I and II represent disorders that cause extreme fluctuation in a person's mood, energy, and ability to function, in which symptoms of (hypo)mania and depression alternate. The depressive episodes of bipolar disorders are often referred to as bipolar depression (BD). In other words: it is a phase/state of the disorder. For many patients with BD, the depressive polarity is often more pervasive and more debilitating than manic states, with estimates that depressed mood accounts for up to two-thirds of the time spent unwell, even with treatment. The burden of not received an effective treatment for BD is high: more severe psychopathology, higher rates of unemployment, more hospitalisations, lower quality of life, lower cognitive functioning, risk of suicide, comorbidities and poorer social and occupational functioning and thus more carer burden. For BD, the treatment guidelines are very heterogeneous, amongst other reasons because the disease is heterogeneous and treatments should be tailored to the patients. There is no clear treatment algorithm and it cannot yet be predicted which treatment will be effective. Especially the place of adjunctive antidepressants is under debate. Usually, for psychiatric disorders (including bipolar disorder), a patient is considered to be treatment-resistant is two medicinal treatments have been tried (in sufficient duration and dosage) without sufficient success. For BD, there is no consensus on when to consider a patient as treatment-resistant, but the most common definition is after one prior treatment failure. This raises the research question whether adjunctive antidepressants to treat BD should be introduced earlier in the treatment. Additionally, The INTENSIFY trial is part of the larger Horizon 2021 project, with the central goal of paving the way for a shift towards a treatment decision-making process tailored for the individual at risk for treatment resistance. To that end, we aim to establish evidence-based criteria to make decisions of early intense treatment in individuals at risk for treatment resistance across the major psychiatric disorders of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression.

Detailed Description

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Rationale Bipolar disorders affect approximately 4.5 million people across the European Union (EU) and are associated with high annual healthcare and societal costs. Bipolar disorder I and II represent disorders that cause extreme fluctuation in a person's mood, energy, and ability to function, in which symptoms of (hypo)mania and depression alternate. The depressive episodes of bipolar disorders are often referred to as bipolar depression (BD). In other words: it is a phase/state of the disorder. For many patients with BD, the depressive polarity is often more pervasive and more debilitating than manic states, with estimates that depressed mood accounts for up to two-thirds of the time spent unwell, even with treatment. The burden of not received an effective treatment for BD is high: more severe psychopathology, higher rates of unemployment, more hospitalisations, lower quality of life, lower cognitive functioning, risk of suicide, comorbidities and poorer social and occupational functioning and thus more carer burden. For BD, the treatment guidelines are very heterogeneous, amongst other reasons because the disease is heterogeneous and treatments should be tailored to the patients. There is no clear treatment algorithm and it cannot yet be predicted which treatment will be effective. Especially the place of adjunctive antidepressants is under debate. Usually, for psychiatric disorders (including bipolar disorder), a patient is considered to be treatment-resistant is two medicinal treatments have been tried (in sufficient duration and dosage) without sufficient success. For BD, there is no consensus on when to consider a patient as treatment-resistant, but the most common definition is after one prior treatment failure. This raises the research question whether adjunctive antidepressants to treat BD should be introduced earlier in the treatment. Additionally, The INTENSIFY trial is part of the larger Horizon 2021 project, with the central goal of paving the way for a shift towards a treatment decision-making process tailored for the individual at risk for treatment resistance. To that end, we aim to establish evidence-based criteria to make decisions of early intense treatment in individuals at risk for treatment resistance across the major psychiatric disorders of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression.

Objective The primary objective is to compare the treatment response (baseline; visit 2 vs. end of treatment; visit 4), expressed as symptom severity at six weeks and changes in symptom severity from baseline, as measured through the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) under an early-intensified pharmacological treatment to that under treatment as usual, in subjects who had a first-time treatment failure on their first-line treatment.

Main trial endpoints Change in symptom severity total score from baseline (visit 2) to end of treatment (visit 4). This is measured using MADRS.

Secondary trial endpoints

1. To compare changes in severity and improvement in global functioning assessed by the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) between the two treatment arms.
2. To compare changes in the levels of depression and anxiety between treatment arms.
3. To compare changes in quality of life and functioning measures between treatment arms.
4. To compare changes in cognitive performance between treatment arms.
5. To compare the proportion of participants (EIPT vs. TAU) that is in symptomatic remission at visit 4.
6. To compare presence of side effects between treatment arms.
7. To compare use of concomitant medication between treatment arms.
8. To compare premature discontinuation (timing and reason) between treatment arms.
9. To compare changes in suicidal ideation between treatment arms.
10. To compare occurrence of (hypo)manic episode during the study between the treatment arms.

Trial design The clinical study is an international, multicenter controlled, randomised, open label trial (with blinded raters), with a treatment duration of six weeks.

Trial population The aim is to recruit 418 subjects with bipolar disorder type I or II, currently in a depressive episode. Male and female subjects, in- and out-patients, with the age of at least 18 old are eligible for participation. The main exclusion criteria are defined to protect the wellbeing of subjects, e.g. being pregnant or breastfeeding, subjects with previous failure on quetiapine, meeting any contraindications, or participants with a known intolerance to quetiapine.

Interventions

Subjects are randomised to treatment as usual (second-line treatment) or to the early-intensified pharmacological treatment (third-line treatment). Treatment per can be found in the table below:

Table 1. Overview of treatment randomisation per study sample.

Treatment as Usual (TAU) Switch to quetiapine plus lithium or valproate acid Early-Intensified Pharmacological Treatment (EIPT) Switch to

1. one of the following: escitalopram, sertraline, bupropion or venlafaxine plus
2. two of the following: lithium, valproate acid or quetiapine

Ethical considerations relating to the clinical trial including the expected benefit to the individual subject or group of subjects represented by the trial subjects as well as the nature and extent of burden and risks All medications studied in the current trial are widely used (alone or in combination) in clinical practice and the risks for side effects are well established. In the current study, clinical practice is mimicked as much as possible to maximize generalisability and for feasibility purposes. To this end, Summaries of Product Characteristics (SmPCs) are followed with regards to contraindications (implemented as exclusion criterion), safety measures and allowed combinations with other medications. Site visits and assessments are kept to a minimum to keep subject burden at an acceptable level, while meeting the objectives of the study. Blood samples for biomarker analyses are only collected when subjects provide consent; safety measures are performed as part of clinical routine.

Overall, the risks are similar to daily clinical practice; the only difference relative to clinical practice is the application of three pharmacological treatments (EIPT) versus two (TAU) earlier in the illness. Still, these additional treatment options are also commonly prescribed by clinicians. There are no indications in existing literature or clinical practice that the earlier introduction of these medications poses a safety risk when used in an earlier illness phase than indicated in the SmPC.

A benefit of the study is that if it indeed turns out that the early-intensified treatment is associated with more symptom improvement compared to treatment as usual, future patients have to go through less trial and error, which results in a reduced burden (higher quality of life, less unemployment, less hospitalisations) for patients and carers as well as lower societal and healthcare costs.

IMPORTANT: the study was submitted to the European authorities before (see NCT05603104) and they requested to split this study into 3 studies (1 for each diagnostic category). We have done this and created 3 new ClinicalTrials.gov studies as well, from which this is one for bipolar depression. The ClinicalTrials.gov numbers of the related trials are NCT05958875 for the INTENSIFY SZ trial and NCT05973851 for the INTENSIFY MDD trial. The site in the UK (London) followed the advice and will submit 3 separate protocols and are therefore included in the current record. However, Israel already submitted this as one protocol. Therefore, we keep the old clinicaltrials.gov number for Israel (NCT05603104).

Conditions

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Bipolar Depression

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Parallel randomization to the 2 arms, treatment as usual (TAU) or early-intensified pharmacological treatment (EIPT).
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors
Open label, except for the assessors of the primary outcome

Study Groups

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Bipolar Depression EIPT: Switch to one of the following combinations:

Bipolar Depression randomized to EIPT: Switch to 1. one of the following: escitalopram, sertraline, bupropion or venlafaxine plus 2. two of the following: lithium, valproate acid or quetiapine

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Escitalopram

Intervention Type DRUG

See arm description

Sertraline

Intervention Type DRUG

See arm description

Venlafaxine

Intervention Type DRUG

See arm description

Lithium

Intervention Type DRUG

See arm description

Valproate acid

Intervention Type DRUG

See arm description

Quetiapine

Intervention Type DRUG

See arm description

Bupropion

Intervention Type DRUG

See arm description

Bipolar Depression TAU: Switch to quetiapine plus lithium or valproate acid

Bipolar Depression randomized to TAU: Switch to quetiapine plus lithium or valproate acid Compound, brand, dosage, frequency and duration up to the investigator's discretion (in accordance with SmPC).

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Lithium

Intervention Type DRUG

See arm description

Valproate acid

Intervention Type DRUG

See arm description

Quetiapine

Intervention Type DRUG

See arm description

Interventions

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Escitalopram

See arm description

Intervention Type DRUG

Sertraline

See arm description

Intervention Type DRUG

Venlafaxine

See arm description

Intervention Type DRUG

Lithium

See arm description

Intervention Type DRUG

Valproate acid

See arm description

Intervention Type DRUG

Quetiapine

See arm description

Intervention Type DRUG

Bupropion

See arm description

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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ATC code: N06AB10 ATC code: N06AB06 ATC code: N06AX16 ATC code: N05AN01 ATC code: N03AG01 ATC code: N05AH04 ATC cose: N06AX12

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. In- or out patients, at least 18 years of age.
2. Being willing and able to provide written informed consent. Having a legal guardian to cosign is allowed. Informed consent will be signed at visit 1, before any study procedure.
3. Female subjects of child bearing potential must use effective contraception during the trial as per the requirements of the applicable SmPCs and should have a negative pregnancy test at visit 1 or 2 (before randomisation). Male subjects that will use valproate acid during the trial must use effective contraceptive measures during the trial (see section 8.2.1).
4. Meeting diagnostic criteria for a primary diagnosis of bipolar depression (bipolar disorder type I and II currently in a depressive episode), according to DSM-5. The primary diagnosis will be confirmed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI v7.0.2).
5. Subject experiences a treatment failure due to lack of efficacy in the current episode, as confirmed by a CGI-I ≥3; preferably, this treatment is a first-line pharmacotherapeutic agent for the primary DSM-5 diagnosis, and was prescribed for at least 4 weeks within an effective dose range as specified in the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPCs). However, other lines of treatment are accepted as well.
6. Subject and clinician intend to change pharmacotherapeutic treatment.
7. A minimum symptom severity threshold needs to be present (moderate leve) and subject needs to experience functional impairment.

* The minimum symptom severity threshold is a score of ≥20 on the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)
* Functional impairment is defined as a score of 5 or higher on any of the three scales of the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS).

Exclusion Criteria

1. Being pregnant or breastfeeding.
2. Subject has a known intolerance to quetiapine or to all EIPT medication or to all TAU medication.
3. Meeting any of the contraindications for quetiapine, or to all EIPT medication or to all TAU medication options, as specified within the applicable SmPC, supported by clinically significant abnormal values on local laboratory tests, electrocardiogram (ECG) or physical examinations.
4. Subject has participated in another clinical trial in which the subject received an experimental or investigational drug or agent within 30 days before visit 1.
5. Subject experiences any other significant disease or disorder which, in the opinion of the investigator, may either put the subjects at risk because of participation in the trial, or may influence the result of the trial, or the subject's ability to participate in the trial.
6. Subjects with active suicidal ideation with some intent to act, without specific plan ("Yes" to question 4 of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)) or active suicidal ideation with specific plan and intent ("Yes" to question 5 of the C-SSRS), followed by an assessment by the treating clinician who determines it is not safe for the subject to participate in the study.
7. Subject meets criteria for current substance use disorder, as confirmed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI v7.0.2). Nicotine dependency is allowed, as well as mild and moderate alcohol and/or cannabis use disorder (as defined by MINI v7.0.2). Severe alcohol and/or cannabis use disorder are not allowed.
8. Subjects have not been committed to an institution by virtue of an order issued either by the judicial or the administrative authorities.
9. A score of 12 or higher on the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) in order to exclude subjects with predominant manic symptoms or mixed symptoms.
10. Subjects dependent on the sponsor, investigator or trial site must be excluded from participation in advance.
11. Subjects with pre-existing severe liver damage (as tested within the local laboratory test at visit 1).
12. Subjects with a history of antidepressant-induced mania or hypomania or recent rapid cycling (based on the medical file of the potential participant or the clinical judgment of the clinician).
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Universität Münster

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Dr. Inge Winter

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Dr. Inge Winter

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

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Medical University Innsbruck

Innsbruck, , Austria

Site Status RECRUITING

Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Bielefeld

Bielefeld, , Germany

Site Status RECRUITING

LWL-Klinik Dortmund, Bereich Forschung & Wissenschaft

Dortmund, , Germany

Site Status RECRUITING

University Hospital Frankfurt am Main - Goethe University

Frankfurt am Main, , Germany

Site Status RECRUITING

Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Universitätsmedizin Mainz

Mainz, , Germany

Site Status RECRUITING

Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster

Münster, , Germany

Site Status RECRUITING

Eginition hospital, department of psychiatry

Athens, , Greece

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Universita degli Studi di Brescia

Brescia, , Italy

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Cagliari

Cagliari, , Italy

Site Status RECRUITING

Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli

Naples, , Italy

Site Status RECRUITING

Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino"

Turin, , Italy

Site Status RECRUITING

Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica

Barcelona, , Spain

Site Status RECRUITING

King's College London, Psychiatry & Cognitive Neuroscience

London, , United Kingdom

Site Status NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Countries

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Austria Germany Greece Italy Spain United Kingdom

Central Contacts

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Inge Winter, Dr.

Role: CONTACT

+31875553227

Cynthia Okhuijsen-Pfeifer, Dr.

Role: CONTACT

+31875553227

Facility Contacts

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Alex Hofer, MD, PhD

Role: primary

Martin Driessen, MD, PhD

Role: primary

Hans-Jörg Assion, Prof.

Role: primary

Andreas Reif, MD, PhD

Role: primary

Klaus Lieb

Role: primary

Bernhard Baune

Role: primary

Nikos Stefanis, Prof.

Role: primary

Antonio Vita, MD, PhD

Role: primary

Mirko Manchia, MD, PhD

Role: primary

Armida Mucci, MD, PhD

Role: primary

Paola Rocca, MD,PhD

Role: primary

Eduard Vieta, MD, PhD

Role: primary

Howes Oliver, MD, PhD

Role: primary

Allan Young, MD, PhD

Role: backup

Other Identifiers

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2023-506605-19-00 (EU CT#)

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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