Inflammation and Depression in People With HIV

NCT ID: NCT05849038

Last Updated: 2025-05-25

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: RECRUITING
• Clinical Phase: PHASE2
• Total Enrollment: 60 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2023-12-11
• Study Completion Date: 2027-11-30

Brief Summary

The purpose of this 10-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study is to determine whether inflammation impacts reward and motor neural circuitry to contribute to depressive symptoms like anhedonia and psychomotor slowing in people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and depression. Sixty male and female patients with HIV who have depression, anhedonia and high inflammation and are stable on effective treatment for their HIV will be randomized to receive either the anti-inflammatory drug baricitinib or a placebo for 10 weeks. Participants will complete lab tests, medical and psychiatric assessments, neurocognitive testing, functional MRI (fMRI) scans, and optional spinal taps as part of the study.

Detailed Description

Risk of depression is substantially higher in people with HIV (PWH) than the general population, and depression in PWH confers worse outcomes regarding treatment adherence, morbidity, and mortality. Increased inflammation is one biological pathway that is linked to greater risk for depression in PWH and limits options for effective antidepressant therapy. Chronically elevated inflammation is associated with impairments within reward and motor neural circuits that contribute to symptoms of anhedonia (an inability to experience pleasure) and psychomotor slowing, which are overrepresented in PWH. The purpose of this 10-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study is to provide mechanistic information on whether inflammation impacts corticostriatal reward and motor circuitry to contribute to anhedonia and psychomotor slowing in PWH with depression using the anti-inflammatory drug baricitinib.

This study will utilize an FDA-approved medication, baricitinib, to establish whether the effects of inflammation on reward and motor circuits are a mechanism of anhedonia and motor slowing in PWH with depression, while advancing avenues for new therapies.

Sixty male and female patients with HIV who have depression and high inflammation and are stable on effective treatment for their HIV will be randomized to receive either baricitinib or a placebo for 10 weeks. Participants will complete lab tests, medical and psychiatric assessments, neurocognitive testing, functional MRI (fMRI) scans, and optional spinal taps as part of the study.

Conditions

HIV; Depression; Anhedonia

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: TRIPLE

Study Groups

Baricitinib

Participants will be randomized to receive 10 weeks of treatment with baricitinib.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Baricitinib

Intervention Type: DRUG

Patients will receive baricitinib at a dose of 2 mg oral daily.

Placebo

Participants will be randomized to receive 10 weeks of treatment with placebo.

Group Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Placebo

Intervention Type: OTHER

A placebo is a sugar pill that has no therapeutic effect and will be administered orally. Participants will receive 1 placebo tablet matching the baricitinib tablet.

Interventions

Baricitinib

Patients will receive baricitinib at a dose of 2 mg oral daily.

Intervention Type: DRUG

Placebo

A placebo is a sugar pill that has no therapeutic effect and will be administered orally. Participants will receive 1 placebo tablet matching the baricitinib tablet.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Other Intervention Names

Olumiant

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• HIV infected on continuous antiretroviral therapy (ART) with plasma HIV RNA <200 copies/ml for at least 12 months (on at least two previous clinic visits and confirmed at screening)
• Current cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+) > 350 cells/microliter for at least twelve months (on at least two previous clinic visits and confirmed at screening)
• A primary diagnosis of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) major depression, current, or Bipolar, depressed type as diagnosed by the SCID-V
• Score of ≥10 on the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)
• Off all antidepressant or other psychotropic therapy (e.g. mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and sedative hypnotics) for at least 4 weeks (8 weeks for fluoxetine) or on a stable psychotropic regimen for at least 4 weeks prior to baseline visit
• Significant anhedonia as reflected by a score ≥ 2 on item #1 of the PHQ-9
• CRP≥2mg/L
• Women of reproductive age will have a negative serum pregnancy test at study entry and both mend and women must agree to adequate contraception while

Exclusion Criteria

• < 18 years of age or > 65 years of age
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding
• Significant hematological abnormalities at screening (ANC < 1500, Hgb<10, platelet< 100,000)
• History of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
• Untreated latent tuberculosis infection (which will be screened for prior to entry)
• Having taken the following immunosuppressive medications within the past 6 months:

1. Oral corticosteroids

2. Biologic treatments such as etanercept, infliximab, certolizumab, adalimumab, golimumab, tocilizumab, abatacept, Ustekinumab, ixekizumab, secukinumab, or anakinra

3. Cyclophosphamide (or any other cytotoxic agent), belimumab, or anifrolumab (or another anti-interferon (IFN) therapy)

4. Rituximab, any other B cell depleting therapies, or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg)

5. any Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor

• History of deep venous thrombosis
• Cardiovascular disease:

1. Coronary artery disease or history of myocardial infarction

2. Congestive heart failure with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% per American Heart Association guidelines

3. Stroke history

• Hematologic malignancies including lymphoma and leukemia
• Major surgery within 8 weeks prior to screening or will require major surgery during the study
• Current or recent (<4 weeks prior to randomization) clinically serious viral (including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)), bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infection or any other active or recent infection
• Symptomatic herpes simplex at the time of randomization
• Symptomatic herpes zoster infection within 12 weeks prior to randomization
• History of disseminated/complicated herpes zoster (for example, ophthalmic zoster or CNS involvement)
• Positive test for hepatitis B virus (HBV) defined as:

1. positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), or

2. positive for hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) and positive for hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV DNA)

• Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (hepatitis C antibody-positive and HCV ribonucleic acid [RNA]-positive)
• Cirrhosis of the liver from any cause
• Any of the following specific abnormalities on screening laboratory tests:

1. alanine transaminase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) >2 x upper limits of normal (ULN)

2. alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ≥2 x ULN

3. total bilirubin ≥1.5 x ULN (with the exception of patients on atazanavir, who must have total bilirubin <2 x ULN)

• Chronic kidney disease with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <40 mL/min/1.73 m^2
• History of any (non-mood-related) psychotic disorder; active psychotic symptoms of any type; substance abuse/dependence within 6 months of study entry, as determined by severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
• A positive urine drug screen for illicit drugs at any time during the study excluding marijuana
• An active suicidal plan as determined by a score >3 on item #3 on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D)
• An active eating disorder or antisocial personality disorder
• History of dementia
• Chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDS) (excluding 81mg of aspirin), glucocorticoid containing medications or minocycline within 2 weeks of baseline or at any time during the study
• Any contraindication for MRI scanning
• Failure of more than 2 antidepressant trials (at least 6 weeks at recommended dose) in the current episode or 5 antidepressant trials lifetime
• BMI >42 (to exclude severe obesity) or at the investigator's discretion based on the patient's ability to fit in the MRI scanner

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 65 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

NIH

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Emory University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Andrew H Miller

Professor

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Andrew H Miller, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Emory University

Jennifer Felger, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Emory University

Locations

Grady Memorial Hospital

Atlanta, Georgia, United States

Site Status: RECRUITING

Emory University Hospital

Atlanta, Georgia, United States

Site Status: RECRUITING

Countries

United States

Central Contacts

Jennifer Felger, PhD

Role: CONTACT

jfelger@emory.edu

404-727-3987

Facility Contacts

Vincent C Marconi, MD

Role: primary

vcmarco@emory.edu

404-616-0673

Andrew H Miller, MD

Role: primary

amill02@emory.edu

404-727-8260

Other Identifiers

5R01MH128872-03

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

STUDY00005526

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id