Trial Outcomes & Findings for Prospective Case Series to Refine Standalone Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Components for Multiple Sclerosis Fatigue (NCT NCT05848323)
NCT ID: NCT05848323
Last Updated: 2025-11-26
Results Overview
Intervention Acceptability will be measured with the Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM). When assessed via online survey, responses from the Intervention Acceptability items are averaged to create a mean score \[1-5\]. A higher score indicates more agreement with intervention acceptability while a lower score indicates less agreement with intervention acceptability.
COMPLETED
NA
21 participants
Collected via online survey at post-treatment (approximately 4-8 weeks after the pre-treatment survey).
2025-11-26
Participant Flow
Participants were recruited from a multiple sclerosis comprehensive care center from October 2023 to August 2024.
Thirty individuals were screened for eligibility. Seven individuals were ineligible due to MS relapse in prior 30 days (n=1), disease modifying therapy change in prior 3 months (n=1), score lower than 4 on the Fatigue Severity Scale (n=3), significant cognitive impairment (n=1), and no MS diagnosis (n=1). One individual declined to participant due to the time commitment for study participation. One individual was excluded because research staff were unable to contact them after several attempts
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Relaxation Training
Didactic and experiential training in one or more relaxation techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic relaxation, and guided imagery to reduce autonomic nervous system arousal.
|
Behavioral Activation
Didactic material and practice focused on identification and reduction of avoidance behaviors (e.g., excessive rest) and increased engagement in valued and reinforcing activities (e.g., physical activity, social engagement).
|
Cognitive Therapy
Didactic material and practice focused on identifying, challenging, and modifying inaccurate and/or unhelpful patterns of thought about the self and the world (e.g., catastrophizing the meaning and consequences of fatigue) to change unwanted behavioral patterns (e.g., excessive rest).
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
7
|
7
|
7
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
7
|
7
|
7
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
Prospective Case Series to Refine Standalone Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Components for Multiple Sclerosis Fatigue
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Relaxation Training
n=7 Participants
Didactic and experiential training in one or more relaxation techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic relaxation, and guided imagery to reduce autonomic nervous system arousal.
|
Behavioral Activation
n=7 Participants
Didactic material and practice focused on identification and reduction of avoidance behaviors (e.g., excessive rest) and increased engagement in valued and reinforcing activities (e.g., physical activity, social engagement).
|
Cognitive Therapy
n=7 Participants
Didactic material and practice focused on identifying, challenging, and modifying inaccurate and/or unhelpful patterns of thought about the self and the world (e.g., catastrophizing the meaning and consequences of fatigue) to change unwanted behavioral patterns (e.g., excessive rest).
|
Total
n=21 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
48.3 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.3 • n=492 Participants
|
47.9 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.4 • n=492 Participants
|
46.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.9 • n=984 Participants
|
47.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.9 • n=3 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
4 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=984 Participants
|
14 Participants
n=3 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
3 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=984 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=3 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
0 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=984 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=3 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
0 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=984 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=3 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
0 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=984 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=3 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
1 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=984 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=3 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
6 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=984 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=3 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
0 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=984 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=3 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=984 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=3 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
|
1 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=984 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=3 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
|
6 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=984 Participants
|
19 Participants
n=3 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=984 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=3 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
7 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=492 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=984 Participants
|
21 Participants
n=3 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected via online survey at post-treatment (approximately 4-8 weeks after the pre-treatment survey).Intervention Acceptability will be measured with the Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM). When assessed via online survey, responses from the Intervention Acceptability items are averaged to create a mean score \[1-5\]. A higher score indicates more agreement with intervention acceptability while a lower score indicates less agreement with intervention acceptability.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Relaxation Training
n=7 Participants
Didactic and experiential training in one or more relaxation techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic relaxation, and guided imagery to reduce autonomic nervous system arousal.
|
Behavioral Activation
n=7 Participants
Didactic material and practice focused on identification and reduction of avoidance behaviors (e.g., excessive rest) and increased engagement in valued and reinforcing activities (e.g., physical activity, social engagement).
|
Cognitive Therapy
n=7 Participants
Didactic material and practice focused on identifying, challenging, and modifying inaccurate and/or unhelpful patterns of thought about the self and the world (e.g., catastrophizing the meaning and consequences of fatigue) to change unwanted behavioral patterns (e.g., excessive rest).
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Intervention Acceptability
|
4.36 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.70
|
4.64 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.48
|
4.68 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.59
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected via online survey at post-treatment (approximately 4-8 weeks after the pre-treatment survey).Intervention Appropriateness will be measured with the Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM). When assessed via online survey, responses from the Intervention Appropriateness items are averaged to create a mean score \[1-5\]. A higher score indicates more agreement with intervention appropriateness while a lower score indicates less agreement with intervention appropriateness.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Relaxation Training
n=7 Participants
Didactic and experiential training in one or more relaxation techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic relaxation, and guided imagery to reduce autonomic nervous system arousal.
|
Behavioral Activation
n=7 Participants
Didactic material and practice focused on identification and reduction of avoidance behaviors (e.g., excessive rest) and increased engagement in valued and reinforcing activities (e.g., physical activity, social engagement).
|
Cognitive Therapy
n=7 Participants
Didactic material and practice focused on identifying, challenging, and modifying inaccurate and/or unhelpful patterns of thought about the self and the world (e.g., catastrophizing the meaning and consequences of fatigue) to change unwanted behavioral patterns (e.g., excessive rest).
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Intervention Appropriateness
|
4.14 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.57
|
4.25 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.74
|
4.25 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.78
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected via online survey at post-treatment (approximately 4-8 weeks after the pre-treatment survey).Intervention Feasibility will be measured with the Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM). When assessed via online survey, responses from the Intervention Feasibility items are averaged to create a mean score \[1-5\]. A higher score indicates more agreement with intervention feasibility while a lower score indicates less agreement with intervention feasibility.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Relaxation Training
n=7 Participants
Didactic and experiential training in one or more relaxation techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic relaxation, and guided imagery to reduce autonomic nervous system arousal.
|
Behavioral Activation
n=7 Participants
Didactic material and practice focused on identification and reduction of avoidance behaviors (e.g., excessive rest) and increased engagement in valued and reinforcing activities (e.g., physical activity, social engagement).
|
Cognitive Therapy
n=7 Participants
Didactic material and practice focused on identifying, challenging, and modifying inaccurate and/or unhelpful patterns of thought about the self and the world (e.g., catastrophizing the meaning and consequences of fatigue) to change unwanted behavioral patterns (e.g., excessive rest).
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Intervention Feasibility
|
4.46 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.57
|
4.39 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.61
|
4.42 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.66
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected via online survey at pre-treatment (up to 4 weeks before treatment session 1) and post-treatment (approximately 4-8 weeks after the pre-treatment survey).Fatigue will be measured by the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale. This is a 21-item self-report questionnaire assessing fatigue-related symptoms in the previous four weeks via 5-point Likert-type scale. It yields a total score (range: 0-84) and a higher score indicates greater fatigue.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Relaxation Training
n=7 Participants
Didactic and experiential training in one or more relaxation techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic relaxation, and guided imagery to reduce autonomic nervous system arousal.
|
Behavioral Activation
n=7 Participants
Didactic material and practice focused on identification and reduction of avoidance behaviors (e.g., excessive rest) and increased engagement in valued and reinforcing activities (e.g., physical activity, social engagement).
|
Cognitive Therapy
n=7 Participants
Didactic material and practice focused on identifying, challenging, and modifying inaccurate and/or unhelpful patterns of thought about the self and the world (e.g., catastrophizing the meaning and consequences of fatigue) to change unwanted behavioral patterns (e.g., excessive rest).
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Fatigue
Pre-treatment
|
44.29 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.13
|
49.38 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.74
|
54.71 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 20.15
|
|
Fatigue
Post-treatment
|
36.14 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.09
|
34.14 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.27
|
37.29 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.10
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected via online survey at pre-treatment (up to 4 weeks before treatment session 1) and post-treatment (approximately 4-8 weeks after the pre-treatment survey).Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Short Form - Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities (PROMIS-SRA; Hahn et al., 2010). The 8-item short form version of the PROMIS-SRA assesses the perceived ability to perform one's usual social roles and activities. Items are rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale. Raw summed scores are converted to T-scores standardized to the U.S. general population (mean = 50, standard deviation = 10), with higher scores indicating better ability to participate in social roles and activities.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Relaxation Training
n=7 Participants
Didactic and experiential training in one or more relaxation techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic relaxation, and guided imagery to reduce autonomic nervous system arousal.
|
Behavioral Activation
n=7 Participants
Didactic material and practice focused on identification and reduction of avoidance behaviors (e.g., excessive rest) and increased engagement in valued and reinforcing activities (e.g., physical activity, social engagement).
|
Cognitive Therapy
n=7 Participants
Didactic material and practice focused on identifying, challenging, and modifying inaccurate and/or unhelpful patterns of thought about the self and the world (e.g., catastrophizing the meaning and consequences of fatigue) to change unwanted behavioral patterns (e.g., excessive rest).
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Participation in Social Roles and Activities
Pre-treatment
|
43.23 T-score
Standard Deviation 6.09
|
41.39 T-score
Standard Deviation 5.44
|
40.47 T-score
Standard Deviation 7.31
|
|
Participation in Social Roles and Activities
Post-treatment
|
43.64 T-score
Standard Deviation 4.42
|
46.30 T-score
Standard Deviation 7.52
|
44.04 T-score
Standard Deviation 4.28
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected via online survey at pre-treatment (up to 4 weeks before treatment session 1) and post-treatment (approximately 4-8 weeks after the pre-treatment survey).Relaxation/Serenity will be measured by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Serenity Subscale. This is a 3-item self-report subscale of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule assessing perceptions of feeling of calm, relaxed, and at ease over the previous week via a 5-point Likert-type scale. The summed total score ranges from 3-15 and a higher score indicates greater feelings of relaxation/serenity.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Relaxation Training
n=7 Participants
Didactic and experiential training in one or more relaxation techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic relaxation, and guided imagery to reduce autonomic nervous system arousal.
|
Behavioral Activation
n=7 Participants
Didactic material and practice focused on identification and reduction of avoidance behaviors (e.g., excessive rest) and increased engagement in valued and reinforcing activities (e.g., physical activity, social engagement).
|
Cognitive Therapy
n=7 Participants
Didactic material and practice focused on identifying, challenging, and modifying inaccurate and/or unhelpful patterns of thought about the self and the world (e.g., catastrophizing the meaning and consequences of fatigue) to change unwanted behavioral patterns (e.g., excessive rest).
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Relaxation/Serenity
Pre-treatment
|
9.00 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.94
|
8.29 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.38
|
9.57 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.24
|
|
Relaxation/Serenity
Post-treatment
|
11.14 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.95
|
10.00 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.58
|
11.43 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.62
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected via online survey at pre-treatment (up to 4 weeks before treatment session 1) and post-treatment (approximately 4-8 weeks after the pre-treatment survey).Fatigue catastrophizing will be measured by the Fatigue Catastrophizing Scale. This is a 13-item self-report questionnaire assessing negative beliefs or expectations connected to one's perceptions of fatigue via a 5-point Likert-type scale. Summed total scores range from 0 to 52, and a higher score indicates greater fatigue catastrophizing.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Relaxation Training
n=7 Participants
Didactic and experiential training in one or more relaxation techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic relaxation, and guided imagery to reduce autonomic nervous system arousal.
|
Behavioral Activation
n=7 Participants
Didactic material and practice focused on identification and reduction of avoidance behaviors (e.g., excessive rest) and increased engagement in valued and reinforcing activities (e.g., physical activity, social engagement).
|
Cognitive Therapy
n=7 Participants
Didactic material and practice focused on identifying, challenging, and modifying inaccurate and/or unhelpful patterns of thought about the self and the world (e.g., catastrophizing the meaning and consequences of fatigue) to change unwanted behavioral patterns (e.g., excessive rest).
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Fatigue Catastrophizing
Pre-treatment
|
20.57 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.14
|
18.86 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 17.17
|
15.71 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.79
|
|
Fatigue Catastrophizing
Post-treatment
|
19.29 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.34
|
15.71 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.25
|
11.43 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.30
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected via online survey at pre-treatment (up to 4 weeks before treatment session 1) and post-treatment (approximately 4-8 weeks after the pre-treatment survey).Behavioral activation will be measured by the Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale Short Form. This is a 9-item self-report measure. It assess the extent to which the respondent thinks they have engaged in pleasant and/or goal-directed activity over the past week via a 7-point Likert-type scale. Summed total scores range from 0 to 54, and a higher score indicates greater behavioral activation.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Relaxation Training
n=7 Participants
Didactic and experiential training in one or more relaxation techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic relaxation, and guided imagery to reduce autonomic nervous system arousal.
|
Behavioral Activation
n=7 Participants
Didactic material and practice focused on identification and reduction of avoidance behaviors (e.g., excessive rest) and increased engagement in valued and reinforcing activities (e.g., physical activity, social engagement).
|
Cognitive Therapy
n=7 Participants
Didactic material and practice focused on identifying, challenging, and modifying inaccurate and/or unhelpful patterns of thought about the self and the world (e.g., catastrophizing the meaning and consequences of fatigue) to change unwanted behavioral patterns (e.g., excessive rest).
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Behavioral Activation
Pre-treatment
|
27.14 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.67
|
24.86 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.11
|
29.14 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.34
|
|
Behavioral Activation
Post-treatment
|
27.57 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.21
|
35.43 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.02
|
38.43 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.60
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected via online survey at pre-treatment (up to 4 weeks before treatment session 1) and post-treatment (approximately 4-8 weeks after the pre-treatment survey).This is a 18-item self-report questionnaire consisting of five subscales assessing cognitive responses (fear avoidance beliefs, embarrassment avoidance beliefs, symptom focusing) and behavioral responses (resting or avoidance of activity, all-or-nothing behavior) to fatigue one's connected to one's perceptions of fatigue via a 5-point Likert-type scale. The summed total subscale scores range from 0 to 12, and higher scores indicate a more negative response to fatigue.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Relaxation Training
n=7 Participants
Didactic and experiential training in one or more relaxation techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic relaxation, and guided imagery to reduce autonomic nervous system arousal.
|
Behavioral Activation
n=7 Participants
Didactic material and practice focused on identification and reduction of avoidance behaviors (e.g., excessive rest) and increased engagement in valued and reinforcing activities (e.g., physical activity, social engagement).
|
Cognitive Therapy
n=7 Participants
Didactic material and practice focused on identifying, challenging, and modifying inaccurate and/or unhelpful patterns of thought about the self and the world (e.g., catastrophizing the meaning and consequences of fatigue) to change unwanted behavioral patterns (e.g., excessive rest).
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Cognitive Behavioural Responses Questionnaire - Short Form
Fear Avoidance Beliefs at Pre-treatment
|
4.00 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.31
|
5.57 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.72
|
6.29 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.55
|
|
Cognitive Behavioural Responses Questionnaire - Short Form
Fear Avoidance Beliefs at Post-treatment
|
4.00 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.08
|
5.57 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.62
|
4.86 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.26
|
|
Cognitive Behavioural Responses Questionnaire - Short Form
Embarrassment Avoidance Beliefs at Pre-treatment
|
7.57 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.69
|
6.29 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.36
|
6.14 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.06
|
|
Cognitive Behavioural Responses Questionnaire - Short Form
Embarrassment Avoidance Beliefs at Post-treatment
|
7.71 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.39
|
6.14 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.41
|
6.43 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.69
|
|
Cognitive Behavioural Responses Questionnaire - Short Form
Symptom Focusing at Pre-treatment
|
7.14 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.34
|
6.43 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.15
|
6.00 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.65
|
|
Cognitive Behavioural Responses Questionnaire - Short Form
Symptom Focusing at Post-treatment
|
6.57 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.10
|
4.00 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.83
|
4.71 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.21
|
|
Cognitive Behavioural Responses Questionnaire - Short Form
Resting or Avoidance of Activity at Pre-treatment
|
4.14 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.24
|
6.00 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.16
|
7.29 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.59
|
|
Cognitive Behavioural Responses Questionnaire - Short Form
Resting or Avoidance of Activity at Post-treatment
|
4.14 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.58
|
5.00 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.71
|
7.57 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.26
|
|
Cognitive Behavioural Responses Questionnaire - Short Form
All-or-nothing Behavior at Pre-treatment
|
9.00 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.58
|
10.00 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.16
|
9.29 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.29
|
|
Cognitive Behavioural Responses Questionnaire - Short Form
All-or-nothing Behavior at Post-treatment
|
8.29 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.36
|
7.00 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.38
|
7.43 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.10
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Collected via online survey at post-treatment (approximately 4-8 weeks after the pre-treatment survey).This is a single-item self-report scale that assess the perceived intervention-related change in one's activity limitations, symptoms, emotions, and overall quality of life via 7-point Likert-type scale. The score ranges from 0 to 6 and a higher score indicates greater perceived change.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Relaxation Training
n=7 Participants
Didactic and experiential training in one or more relaxation techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic relaxation, and guided imagery to reduce autonomic nervous system arousal.
|
Behavioral Activation
n=7 Participants
Didactic material and practice focused on identification and reduction of avoidance behaviors (e.g., excessive rest) and increased engagement in valued and reinforcing activities (e.g., physical activity, social engagement).
|
Cognitive Therapy
n=7 Participants
Didactic material and practice focused on identifying, challenging, and modifying inaccurate and/or unhelpful patterns of thought about the self and the world (e.g., catastrophizing the meaning and consequences of fatigue) to change unwanted behavioral patterns (e.g., excessive rest).
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Global Impression of Change
|
4.43 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.98
|
4.29 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.25
|
4.43 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.13
|
Adverse Events
Behavioral Activation
Relaxation Training
Cognitive Therapy
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place