Clinical and Cost-effectiveness of Group Schema Therapy for Complex Eating Disorders: the GST-EAT Study

NCT ID: NCT05812950

Last Updated: 2023-11-30

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

230 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-07-24

Study Completion Date

2026-12-31

Brief Summary

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Amongst psychiatric illnesses, eating disorders (EDs) are notoriously difficult to treat and have a high mortality rate. The average duration of an ED is 6 years and for a majority of ED patients, the disorder will become chronic. Comorbid personality pathology such as negative core beliefs and early maladaptive schemas (EMS) are strongly related to ED severity and chronicity. Enhanced cognitive-behavioural therapy for eating disorders (CBT-E) is used as the first line transdiagnostic treatment for EDs. However, CBT-E is mainly symptom-focused and does not tap into these underlying core beliefs and EMS.

Given the limited treatment effects of existing ED treatments, and the importance of comorbid personality pathology, there is an urgent need to examine more effective treatments for EDs. Group-schematherapy (GST) overcomes the limitations of CBT-E and preliminary results for treatment-resistant EDs are promising. However, robust evidence regarding the clinical and cost-effectiveness of GST for patients that do not benefit from CBT-E is not yet available. The central aim of this project is to investigate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of GST for EDs in patients with comorbid personality pathology, who do not show a clinically significant response in the first phase of CBT-E. This is relevant and important as studies examining the effectiveness of GST for EDs are scarce. This project is a joint research initiative of three academic centers (Dutch Universities), four large nation-wide mental health organizations, and two foundations for client empowerment and participation. Eligible patients will be randomized to either GST or continuation of their CBT-E treatment after failing to show a significant treatment response in the first phase of CBT-E. Based on encouraging findings from previous studies and our own pilot data, a statistically and clinically significant better outcome in terms of ED symptoms, negative core beliefs, EMS, schema modes, and quality of life is expected in the GST group compared to the CBT-E group. GST is also expected to be more cost-effective compared to CBT-E as GST may in the long run prevent chronicity in terms of long treatment trajectories and delayed recovery. Finally, with the proviso of good results for GST, we will disseminate and implement GST in the standard of care for EDs. This project thereby has great potential to improve clinical and cost-effectiveness of treatment for chronic EDs.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Anorexia Nervosa Atypical Anorexia Nervosa (Other Specified Eating Disorder) Bulimia Nervosa Atypical Bulimia Nervosa (Other Specified Eating Disorder)

Keywords

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CBT-E Group Schema Therapy Eating disorders Effectiveness

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

All participants start with CBT-E phase 1 and 2. If not improved enough with regard to eating disorder symptoms (following EDE-Q pre- and post measure comparison) in the first phase, they will be included in the RCT. When included they will be randomly assigned to either the CBT-E continuation condition or the GST condition.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors
Once data collection is complete, the data will be blinded by one of the principal investigators. This allows for blinded analysis by the outcome assessor.

Study Groups

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Group Schema Therapy for eating disorders (GST)

GST starts with 5 individual sessions for introducing the ST model, placing the ED symptoms and behaviors in the context of coping modes, and organizing these in a mode map conceptualization. Thereafter there are 26 weekly group sessions of ST for EDs, supplemented with 8 optional individual ST sessions, and a psycho-education webinar for relatives. The sessions focus on recognizing and changing personal coping modes and underlying early maladaptive schemas, and developing and strengthening the healthy adult mode. GST combines interpersonal, experiential, cognitive and behavioral elements in a unified ST approach (Farrell et al., 2014). Although not at the core of GST, addressing the physiological aspects of the ED (weight care and (restrictive) eating) is necessary and therefore also incorporated in the protocol.

Note that the participants in this condition have followed phase 1 and 2 of CBT-E before starting the GST, as following these phases is required to be included in the RCT.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

GST

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Outpatient eating disorder treatment (5 individual pre-group sessions followed by 26 weekly group sessions + 8 optional individual sessions)

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Enhanced (CBT-E) (TAU)

This transdiagnostic ED treatment (current standard of care/treatment of choice) consists of 20-40 individual therapy sessions, based on the transdiagnostic CBT model of EDs. CBT-E consists of four phases. In phase one, the patient creates a personal case formulation, and the focus is on psycho-education on maintaining factors and at starting well with monitoring eating behaviours and establishing a regular eating pattern. In phase two, the first phase is evaluated and a treatment plan is made. In phase three, the main mechanisms that are thought to maintain the patient's ED (over-evaluation of shape, weight, and eating, dietary restraint or restriction, being underweight, and event- or mood-triggered changes in eating behaviour), are targeted, and a relapse plan is created. Phase four focuses on evaluating the progress so far and maintaining the changes that have been obtained (Fairburn et al., 2009).

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

CBT-E

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Outpatient eating disorder treatment (20-40 weekly individual sessions)

Interventions

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GST

Outpatient eating disorder treatment (5 individual pre-group sessions followed by 26 weekly group sessions + 8 optional individual sessions)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

CBT-E

Outpatient eating disorder treatment (20-40 weekly individual sessions)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* 1\) age \> 16 years;
* 2\) a DSM-5 diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or other specified ED (atypical anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa with a low frequency or limited duration).

Exclusion Criteria

* 1\) not being able to speak and read the Dutch language;
* 2\) being in an acute psychotic mental health state at the start of the study;
* 3\) being diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder;
* 4\) having an IQ below 80, as determined with a validated instrument;
* 5\) showing an early response after phase 1 of CBT-E.
Minimum Eligible Age

16 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Utrecht University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

ZonMw: The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

GGNet Amarum

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

GGZ Breburg

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Accare

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Co-eur

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

GGZ Friesland

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Groningen

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Maastricht University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Jeffrey Roelofs

Principal investigator J. Roelofs, PhD

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Jeffrey Roelofs

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Maastricht University

Locations

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GGz Breburg

Breda, , Netherlands

Site Status RECRUITING

Accare

Groningen, , Netherlands

Site Status RECRUITING

GGZ Friesland

Leeuwarden, , Netherlands

Site Status RECRUITING

GGNet Amarum

Nijmegen, , Netherlands

Site Status RECRUITING

GGz Breburg

Tilburg, , Netherlands

Site Status RECRUITING

Co-eur

Utrecht, , Netherlands

Site Status RECRUITING

GGNet Amarum

Warnsveld, , Netherlands

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Netherlands

Central Contacts

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Jeffrey Roelofs, Dr.

Role: CONTACT

Phone: +31433881607

Email: j . roelofs @ maastricht university . nl

Suzanne Mares, Dr.

Role: CONTACT

Phone: +31688 933 5701

Email: [email protected]

Facility Contacts

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Diede van Limpt

Role: primary

Hermien Elgersma

Role: primary

Jacqueline Oostenbrink

Role: primary

suzanne Mares, dr.

Role: primary

Diede van Limpt

Role: primary

Esther Jansen

Role: primary

Suzanne Mares, dr.

Role: primary

References

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Mares SHW, Roelofs J, Zinzen J, Beatse M, Elgersma HJ, Drost RMWA, Evers SMAA, Elburg AAV. Clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and process evaluation of group schema therapy for eating disorders: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychol. 2024 Mar 4;12(1):123. doi: 10.1186/s40359-024-01624-w.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 38439092 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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60-63600-98-1131

Identifier Type: REGISTRY

Identifier Source: secondary_id

NL80491.068.22

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id