Trial Outcomes & Findings for A Mobile App Based Cognitive Dissonance Intervention for Smoking Cessation (NCT NCT05797155)
NCT ID: NCT05797155
Last Updated: 2025-11-24
Results Overview
Based on 1-item that asked "In the past 7 days, have you smoked any cigarettes?". The variable is coded 1 if they the participants indicated they did not smoke any cigarettes otherwise coded 0. A value of 1 = abstinence and 0 = not abstinent.
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
437 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
1-month and 3-month follow-up
Results posted on
2025-11-24
Participant Flow
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Support2Quit App - Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation
This group will receive daily smoking cessation tips and will be asked to complete activities within the app that are designed to induce cognitive dissonance, create and share videos related to the activities with an online group, and provide support to other group members
Support2Quit App - Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation + Smoking Cessation Tips: Support2Quit App (Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation) Use of the Support2Quit app, completion of cognitive dissonance activities, sharing of videos with online group, and providing support to other group members
|
Comparison App - Smoking Cessation Support without Cognitive Dissonance Activities
This group will use an app that consists of tips for quitting cigarettes but does not include the cognitive dissonance component.
Tips for Smoking Cessation App: App containing daily tips for smoking cessation
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
292
|
145
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
259
|
133
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
33
|
12
|
Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
Support2Quit App - Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation
This group will receive daily smoking cessation tips and will be asked to complete activities within the app that are designed to induce cognitive dissonance, create and share videos related to the activities with an online group, and provide support to other group members
Support2Quit App - Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation + Smoking Cessation Tips: Support2Quit App (Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation) Use of the Support2Quit app, completion of cognitive dissonance activities, sharing of videos with online group, and providing support to other group members
|
Comparison App - Smoking Cessation Support without Cognitive Dissonance Activities
This group will use an app that consists of tips for quitting cigarettes but does not include the cognitive dissonance component.
Tips for Smoking Cessation App: App containing daily tips for smoking cessation
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
|
33
|
12
|
Baseline Characteristics
A Mobile App Based Cognitive Dissonance Intervention for Smoking Cessation
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Support2Quit App - Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation
n=292 Participants
This group will receive daily smoking cessation tips and will be asked to complete activities within the app that are designed to induce cognitive dissonance, create and share videos related to the activities with an online group, and provide support to other group members
Support2Quit App - Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation + Smoking Cessation Tips: Support2Quit App (Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation) Use of the Support2Quit app, completion of cognitive dissonance activities, sharing of videos with online group, and providing support to other group members
|
Comparison App - Smoking Cessation Support Without Cognitive Dissonance Activities
n=145 Participants
This group will use an app that consists of tips for quitting cigarettes but does not include the cognitive dissonance component.
Tips for Smoking Cessation App: App containing daily tips for smoking cessation
|
Total
n=437 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
49.21 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.00 • n=45 Participants
|
48.84 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.50 • n=12929 Participants
|
49.08 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.82 • n=6349 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Female
|
215 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
104 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
319 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Male
|
76 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
38 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
114 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Transgender
|
1 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Non-binary
|
0 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
|
17 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
29 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
|
275 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
133 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
408 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
6 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
9 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
5 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
1 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
32 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
45 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
224 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
119 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
343 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
0 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
24 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
9 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
33 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
292 participants
n=45 Participants
|
145 participants
n=12929 Participants
|
437 participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Highest level of education
Did not graduate high school
|
12 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Highest level of education
High school graduate
|
63 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
23 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
86 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Highest level of education
Some college, no degree
|
91 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
44 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
135 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Highest level of education
Technical school or associate degree
|
52 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
36 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
88 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Highest level of education
Bachelor's degree
|
52 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
34 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
86 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Highest level of education
Master's degree
|
17 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
23 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Highest level of education
Doctorate
|
4 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Highest level of education
Declined to answer
|
1 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Annual household income
Under $10,000
|
20 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
28 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Annual household income
$10,000 - $19,999
|
35 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
15 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
50 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Annual household income
$20,000 - $29,999
|
40 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
23 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
63 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Annual household income
$30,000 - $39,999
|
19 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
31 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Annual household income
$40,000 - $49,999
|
25 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
10 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
35 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Annual household income
$50,000 - $59,999
|
30 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
14 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
44 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Annual household income
$60,000 - $69,999
|
8 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
20 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Annual household income
$70,000 - $79,999
|
19 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
10 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
29 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Annual household income
$80,000 - $89,999
|
15 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
21 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Annual household income
Over $90,000
|
28 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
16 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
44 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
|
Annual household income
Decline to answer
|
53 Participants
n=45 Participants
|
19 Participants
n=12929 Participants
|
72 Participants
n=6349 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 1-month and 3-month follow-upBased on 1-item that asked "In the past 7 days, have you smoked any cigarettes?". The variable is coded 1 if they the participants indicated they did not smoke any cigarettes otherwise coded 0. A value of 1 = abstinence and 0 = not abstinent.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Support2Quit App - Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation
n=292 Participants
This group will receive daily smoking cessation tips and will be asked to complete activities within the app that are designed to induce cognitive dissonance, create and share videos related to the activities with an online group, and provide support to other group members
Support2Quit App - Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation + Smoking Cessation Tips: Support2Quit App (Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation) Use of the Support2Quit app, completion of cognitive dissonance activities, sharing of videos with online group, and providing support to other group members
|
Comparison App - Smoking Cessation Support without Cognitive Dissonance Activities
n=145 Participants
This group will use an app that consists of tips for quitting cigarettes but does not include the cognitive dissonance component.
Tips for Smoking Cessation App: App containing daily tips for smoking cessation
|
|---|---|---|
|
Number of Participants With Cigarette Abstinence
1-Month Follow-Up
|
102 Participants
|
38 Participants
|
|
Number of Participants With Cigarette Abstinence
3-Month Follow-Up
|
112 Participants
|
54 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, 1-month follow-up, 3-month follow-upThis is a 6 item measure of tobacco dependence and response options are a mix of ordered categorical and dichotomous items. Item 1 "How many cigarettes per day to you smoke?" (0 = less than 10 cigarettes a day, 3 = 31 or more cigarettes a day). Item 2 "How soon after you wake do you smoke your first cigarette (0 = after 60 minutes, 3 = within 5 minutes). Item 3 "Is it hard to keep from smoking in places where it is prohibited (1 = yes, 0 = no). Item 4 "Which cigarette would you hate to give up most (1 = the first in the morning, 0 = any other). Item 5 "Do you smoke more cigarettes during the first 2 hours of the day compared to the rest of the day (1 = yes, 0 = no). Item 6 "Do you smoke when you are so ill you are in bed?" (1 = yes, 0 = no). A total sum score is computed and can range from 0 to 10 points with higher scores indicating higher levels of tobacco dependence.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Support2Quit App - Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation
n=292 Participants
This group will receive daily smoking cessation tips and will be asked to complete activities within the app that are designed to induce cognitive dissonance, create and share videos related to the activities with an online group, and provide support to other group members
Support2Quit App - Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation + Smoking Cessation Tips: Support2Quit App (Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation) Use of the Support2Quit app, completion of cognitive dissonance activities, sharing of videos with online group, and providing support to other group members
|
Comparison App - Smoking Cessation Support without Cognitive Dissonance Activities
n=145 Participants
This group will use an app that consists of tips for quitting cigarettes but does not include the cognitive dissonance component.
Tips for Smoking Cessation App: App containing daily tips for smoking cessation
|
|---|---|---|
|
Fagerstrom Tobacco Dependence Scale
Baseline
|
5.7 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.0
|
5.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.9
|
|
Fagerstrom Tobacco Dependence Scale
1-Month Follow-Up
|
4.1 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.4
|
4.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.2
|
|
Fagerstrom Tobacco Dependence Scale
3-Month Follow-Up
|
4.0 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.1
|
4.2 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.4
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 1-month and 3-month follow-upRepresents whether or not (1 = yes, 0 = no) a reduction of cigarettes smoked per day is reported from the baseline assessment. A higher score indicates a reduction in cigarettes smoked.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Support2Quit App - Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation
n=292 Participants
This group will receive daily smoking cessation tips and will be asked to complete activities within the app that are designed to induce cognitive dissonance, create and share videos related to the activities with an online group, and provide support to other group members
Support2Quit App - Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation + Smoking Cessation Tips: Support2Quit App (Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation) Use of the Support2Quit app, completion of cognitive dissonance activities, sharing of videos with online group, and providing support to other group members
|
Comparison App - Smoking Cessation Support without Cognitive Dissonance Activities
n=145 Participants
This group will use an app that consists of tips for quitting cigarettes but does not include the cognitive dissonance component.
Tips for Smoking Cessation App: App containing daily tips for smoking cessation
|
|---|---|---|
|
Number of Participants With Reduction in Number of Cigarettes Smoked Per Day
1-Month Follow-Up
|
191 Participants
|
91 Participants
|
|
Number of Participants With Reduction in Number of Cigarettes Smoked Per Day
3-Month Follow-Up
|
218 Participants
|
110 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 1-month and 3-month follow-upRepresents whether or not (1 = yes, 0 = no) a reduction of cigarettes smoked per day is reported from the baseline assessment and is the number of daily cigarettes in 0-5 per day. A higher score indicates a reduction in cigarettes smoked per day and the number smoked is 5 or less.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Support2Quit App - Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation
n=292 Participants
This group will receive daily smoking cessation tips and will be asked to complete activities within the app that are designed to induce cognitive dissonance, create and share videos related to the activities with an online group, and provide support to other group members
Support2Quit App - Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation + Smoking Cessation Tips: Support2Quit App (Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation) Use of the Support2Quit app, completion of cognitive dissonance activities, sharing of videos with online group, and providing support to other group members
|
Comparison App - Smoking Cessation Support without Cognitive Dissonance Activities
n=145 Participants
This group will use an app that consists of tips for quitting cigarettes but does not include the cognitive dissonance component.
Tips for Smoking Cessation App: App containing daily tips for smoking cessation
|
|---|---|---|
|
Number of Participants With Reduction in the Number of Cigarettes Smoked Per Day and Reduced to 0-5 Cigarettes
1-Month Follow-Up
|
144 Participants
|
56 Participants
|
|
Number of Participants With Reduction in the Number of Cigarettes Smoked Per Day and Reduced to 0-5 Cigarettes
3-Month Follow-Up
|
165 Participants
|
74 Participants
|
Adverse Events
Support2Quit App - Cognitive Dissonance Based Smoking Cessation
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Comparison App - Smoking Cessation App without Cognitive Dissonance Activities
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Dr. Dana Smith
Oregon Research Behavioral Intervention Strategies Inc.
Phone: 541-484-2123
Email: [email protected]
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place