Trial Outcomes & Findings for Auricular Acupressure as a Non-Opioid Adjuvant in Opioid Tolerant Patients (NCT NCT05711537)

NCT ID: NCT05711537

Last Updated: 2024-06-25

Results Overview

In a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), patients are asked to circle the number between 0 and 10. Zero usually represents 'no pain at all' whereas the upper limit represents 'the worst pain ever possible

• Recruitment status: COMPLETED
• Study phase: NA
• Target enrollment: 21 participants
• Primary outcome timeframe: Baseline
• Results posted on: 2024-06-25

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Measure	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.
Overall Study STARTED	21
Overall Study COMPLETED	18
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	3

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Auricular Acupressure as a Non-Opioid Adjuvant in Opioid Tolerant Patients

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Measure	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group n=21 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.
Age, Categorical <=18 years	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years	21 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical >=65 years	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	10 Participants n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	11 Participants n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino	20 Participants n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	1 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	1 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	1 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	19 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment United States	21 participants n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

In a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), patients are asked to circle the number between 0 and 10. Zero usually represents 'no pain at all' whereas the upper limit represents 'the worst pain ever possible

Outcome measures

Measure	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group n=21 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 1 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 2 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 3 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.
Pain Scores Using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)	6.62 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.36	—	—	—

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 1

Population: 1 subject withdrew participation

In a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), patients are asked to circle the number between 0 and 10. Zero usually represents 'no pain at all' whereas the upper limit represents 'the worst pain ever possible

Outcome measures

Measure	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group n=20 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 1 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 2 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 3 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.
Pain Scores Using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)	7 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.86	—	—	—

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 2

Population: 1 subject withdrew after baseline

In a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), patients are asked to circle the number between 0 and 10. Zero usually represents 'no pain at all' whereas the upper limit represents 'the worst pain ever possible

Outcome measures

Measure	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group n=20 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 1 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 2 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 3 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.
Pain Scores Using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)	7.2 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.22	—	—	—

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 3

Population: 1 subject withdrew after baseline and 2 were discharged home on day 2

In a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), patients are asked to circle the number between 0 and 10. Zero usually represents 'no pain at all' whereas the upper limit represents 'the worst pain ever possible

Outcome measures

Measure	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group n=18 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 1 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 2 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 3 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.
Pain Scores Using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)	6.68 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.26	—	—	—

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Patient reported assessment of pain intensity and interference. We will compare scores before and after initiation of Auricular Acupressure.

The PEG scale consists of 3 separate numerical scales: PEG-1 What number best describes your pain this week?, PEG-2 What number describes how during the past week pain has interfered with your enjoyment of life?, and PEG-3 What number best describes how during the past week pain has interfered with your general activity?

Each scale has ratings ranging from 0-10. Individuals rate their pain level concerning 3 different areas. Higher scores represent more pain and or increased enjoyment and activity interference.

Outcome measures

Measure	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group n=21 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 1 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 2 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 3 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.
Pain, Enjoyment and General Activity (PEG) Assessment Scores PEG-1	7 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.76	—	—	—
Pain, Enjoyment and General Activity (PEG) Assessment Scores PEG-2	7.57 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.36	—	—	—
Pain, Enjoyment and General Activity (PEG) Assessment Scores PEG-3	7.71 score on a scale Standard Deviation 2.45	—	—	—

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 3

Population: 1 withdrew study participation after day 1 and 2 were discharged home

Patient reported assessment of pain intensity and interference. We will compare scores before and after initiation of Auricular Acupressure.

The PEG scale consists of 3 separate numerical scales: PEG-1 What number best describes your pain this week?, PEG-2 What number describes how during the past week pain has interfered with your enjoyment of life?, and PEG-3 What number best describes how during the past week pain has interfered with your general activity? Each scale has ratings ranging from 0-10. Individuals rate their pain level concerning 3 different areas. Higher scores represent more pain and or increased enjoyment and activity interference.

Outcome measures

Measure	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group n=18 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 1 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 2 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 3 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.
Pain, Enjoyment and General Activity (PEG) Assessment Scores PEG-1	6.5 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.86	—	—	—
Pain, Enjoyment and General Activity (PEG) Assessment Scores PEG-2	5.89 score on a scale Standard Deviation 3.03	—	—	—
Pain, Enjoyment and General Activity (PEG) Assessment Scores PEG-3	6.44 score on a scale Standard Deviation 3.22	—	—	—

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Scores range from 0-100. Zero usually represents 'no pain at all' whereas the upper limit represents 'the worst pain ever possible

Outcome measures

Measure	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group n=21 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 1 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 2 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 3 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)	65.85 score on a scale Standard Deviation 17.71	—	—	—

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 1

Scores range from 0-100. Zero usually represents 'no pain at all' whereas the upper limit represents 'the worst pain ever possible

Outcome measures

Measure	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group n=21 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 1 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 2 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 3 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)	65.42 score on a scale Standard Deviation 28.08	—	—	—

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 2

Scores range from 0-100. Zero usually represents 'no pain at all' whereas the upper limit represents 'the worst pain ever possible

Outcome measures

Measure	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group n=21 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 1 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 2 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 3 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)	70.10 score on a scale Standard Deviation 25.91	—	—	—

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 3

Scores range from 0-100. Zero usually represents 'no pain at all' whereas the upper limit represents 'the worst pain ever possible

Outcome measures

Measure	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group n=21 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 1 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 2 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 3 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)	70.05 score on a scale Standard Deviation 29.31	—	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3

Population: morphine mg equivalents (MME) total excluding buprenorphine

Pre-Admission Opioid requirement and change from baseline (medication used during the intervention and as reported afterwards vs. home dose before the study started) collecting type, frequency and milligram use and date and time of last use prior to admission measuring mean/median changes from Baseline to Day 3 post evaluation.

Outcome measures

Measure	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group n=21 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 1 n=20 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 2 n=20 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 3 n=18 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.
Changes in Amount of Opioid Use	84.95 morphine mg equivalents Standard Error 46.14	67.34 morphine mg equivalents Standard Error 19.88	71.01 morphine mg equivalents Standard Error 22.62	53.16 morphine mg equivalents Standard Error 19.14

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 3

Population: percentage of total subjects who desire to decrease their dependency on opioids: answer as strongly disagree, neither agree or disagree, agree, or strongly agree

Assessment of patient's willingness or desire to decrease opioid dependence and usage will be assessed by asking the subject to answer (1) Strongly disagree; (2) Disagree; (3) Neither agree nor disagree; (4) Agree; (5) Strongly agree - A higher score denotes a greater willingness to decrease dependence.

Outcome measures

Measure	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group n=18 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 1 n=18 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 2 n=18 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 3 n=18 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.
Willingness to Decrease Dependence Scores	15.79 percentage of participants	26.32 percentage of participants	21.05 percentage of participants	36.84 percentage of participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Day 3

Population: 17 paired assessments on Day 3

A 7 item scale to identify Generalized Anxiety Disorder symptoms of evaluation. Patients are asked to rate anxiety symptoms on a scale of 0-3. Total scores for all 7 items range from 0-21. Higher scores indicate increased severity.

Outcome measures

Measure	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group n=21 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 1 n=17 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 2 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 3 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) Score Changes	10.9 score on a scale Standard Deviation 5.3	9.53 score on a scale Standard Deviation 6.12	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Day 3

Population: 16 paired assessments

The assessment of thoughts and feelings of the patients will be assessed using questions that are rated 0 for not at all to 4 for all the time. "The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) assesses the extent of catastrophic thinking due to low back pain according to 3 components: rumination, magnification, and helplessness. It is a 13-item scale, with a total range of 0 to 52. Higher scores are associated with higher amounts of pain catastrophizing."

Outcome measures

Measure	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group n=21 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 1 n=17 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 2 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 3 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.
Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) Assessments	23.15 score on a scale Standard Deviation 13.83	24.82 score on a scale Standard Deviation 13.39	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 3

Three questions were asked to evaluate acceptance of the intervention (Auricular Acupressure) the first was a Likert scale satisfaction question. This outcome pertains only to the following acceptability question: "How satisfied were you with how your pain has been treated?" using the Likert scale to measure "Very satisfied =5, Satisfied=4, Somewhat satisfied = 3, Somewhat dissatisfied= 2, Dissatisfied 1, Very Dissatisfied 0

Outcome measures

Measure	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group n=19 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 1 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 2 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 3 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.
Auricular Acupressure Acceptability-DAY 3-Satisfaction Answered "Dissatisfied"	10.5 percentage of participants	—	—	—
Auricular Acupressure Acceptability-DAY 3-Satisfaction Answered "Very Satisfied"	21.05 percentage of participants	—	—	—
Auricular Acupressure Acceptability-DAY 3-Satisfaction Answered "Satisfied"	21.05 percentage of participants	—	—	—
Auricular Acupressure Acceptability-DAY 3-Satisfaction Answered "Somewhat satisfied"	47.4 percentage of participants	—	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 3

Three questions were asked to evaluate acceptance of the intervention (Auricular Acupressure). The second question posed a yes/no question. This outcome pertains only to the following question:

Would you consider using auricular acupressure in the future for pain or if recommended by your nurse or physician? a. No, would not use again (Score of 0) b. Maybe (Score of 1), c. Yes, I would consider using in the future (Score of 2) 3

Outcome measures

Measure	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group n=19 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 1 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 2 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 3 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.
Auricular Acupressure Acceptability--DAY 3-future Use Answered "No, would not use again"	15.8 Percentage of participants	—	—	—
Auricular Acupressure Acceptability--DAY 3-future Use Answered "Maybe"	31.6 Percentage of participants	—	—	—
Auricular Acupressure Acceptability--DAY 3-future Use Answered "Yes, would definitely consider using again"	52.6 Percentage of participants	—	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Day 3

Patient reported assessment of improvement or decline of their pain - The patient enters his answer on a 7-point scale scored as: (1) "very much better," (2) "much better," (3) "a little better," (4) "no change," (5) "a little worse," (6) "much worse," or (7) "very much worse."

Outcome measures

Measure	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group n=18 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 1 n=18 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 2 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 3 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.
Change in Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) Scores	3.33 score on a scale Standard Deviation .686	3.22 score on a scale Standard Deviation .878	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Day 3

Sleep disturbance is a patient reported assessment on the quality of their sleep - Each item on the measure is rated on a 5-point scale (1=never; 2=rarely; 3=sometimes; 4=often; and 5=always) with a range in score from 8 to 40 with higher scores indicating greater severity of sleep disturbance.

Outcome measures

Measure	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group n=21 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 1 n=18 Participants Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 2 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.	Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group-DAY 3 Participants will participate in the Auricular Acupressure intervention over 3 days in addition to the Standard of Care treatment for Chronic Pain and complete questionnaires Auricular Acupressure with Vaccaria 600t ear seeds: Auricular Acupressure utilizing vaccaria 600 t ear seeds applied to 5 designated sites to each ear. Both ears will have seeds applied. Participants will be asked if they consent to having their intervention session photographed and audio recorded in collaboration with the BAA press training and intervention fidelity study.
Changes in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)	21.85 score on a scale Standard Deviation 5.62	17.89 score on a scale Standard Deviation 6.32	—	—

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Day 3

Three questions were asked to evaluate acceptance of the intervention (Auricular Acupressure). The third question was a qualitative question: "Is there anything else you would like to tell us that may be helpful for us to know regarding ear acupressure?

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Day 1

The Interventionist's (Acupressure nurse) will be asked to capture time related to completion of study tasks and other qualitative questions to assess overall feasibility.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

Adverse Events

Intervention Auricular Acupressure (AA) Group

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Heather Columbano, MD

Wake Forest School of Medicine

Phone: 336-716-4498

Email: hcolumba@wakehealth.edu

Results disclosure agreements

• Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
• Publication restrictions are in place