Treatment of Acute Periprosthetic Joint Infection Comparing Single and Planned Double-Debridement Antibiotics and Implant Retention Followed by Chronic Antibiotic Suppression

NCT ID: NCT05640336

Last Updated: 2025-12-18

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

490 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-03-03

Study Completion Date

2032-03-31

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this research is to evaluate two different standard of care surgeries in treating periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after total hip and knee arthroplasty. Researchers are looking at differences in outcomes following single versus planned double debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) for acutely infected total hip arthroplasty (THA), and total knee arthroplasties (TKAs).

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Periprosthetic Joint Infection

Keywords

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Total knee arthroplasty Total hip arthroplasty

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Single DAIR Surgery Arm

Subjects will undergo a single Debridement Antibiotics and Implant Retention (DAIR) surgical procedure, along with IV antibiotics and followed by oral suppressive antibiotics. This method is currently used and considered to be standard of care.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Single Debridement, Antibiotics and Implant Retention

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Surgical debridement and wash out of infected joint. The polyethylene (plastic) insert, which acts as the articulating surface (modular component) of the prosthesis, will be removed and the exposed surfaces scrubbed, sterilized, and soaked. A new modular component will be placed with additional irrigation and antiseptic soak. Tissue cultures will be sent to the lab for further evaluation and antibiotic guidance. After the operation subjects will continue six weeks of IV antibiotics followed by oral antibiotic suppression for the life of the implant or at least two years after operation.

Double DAIR Surgery Arm

Subjects will undergo planned double Debridement Antibiotics and Implant Retention (DAIR) surgical procedure, along with IV antibiotics and followed by oral suppressive antibiotics. This method is currently used and considered to be standard of care.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Planned Double Debridement, Antibiotics and Implant Retention

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Surgical debridement and wash out of infected joint with an additional irrigation and debridement scheduled for approximately 5 days after the initial DAIR. During the first washout, antibiotic cement beads will be placed in the joint and these will remain in the interim until they are removed during the second washout. During the second DAIR, the antibiotic beads are removed, and the modular components are once again removed and replaced with new components. Exposed surfaces are again irrigated and debrided following a standardized protocol. A six-week course of IV antibiotics will follow the DAIR with additional oral antibiotics for the life of the component (standard of care) or at least a minimum of two years.

Interventions

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Single Debridement, Antibiotics and Implant Retention

Surgical debridement and wash out of infected joint. The polyethylene (plastic) insert, which acts as the articulating surface (modular component) of the prosthesis, will be removed and the exposed surfaces scrubbed, sterilized, and soaked. A new modular component will be placed with additional irrigation and antiseptic soak. Tissue cultures will be sent to the lab for further evaluation and antibiotic guidance. After the operation subjects will continue six weeks of IV antibiotics followed by oral antibiotic suppression for the life of the implant or at least two years after operation.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Planned Double Debridement, Antibiotics and Implant Retention

Surgical debridement and wash out of infected joint with an additional irrigation and debridement scheduled for approximately 5 days after the initial DAIR. During the first washout, antibiotic cement beads will be placed in the joint and these will remain in the interim until they are removed during the second washout. During the second DAIR, the antibiotic beads are removed, and the modular components are once again removed and replaced with new components. Exposed surfaces are again irrigated and debrided following a standardized protocol. A six-week course of IV antibiotics will follow the DAIR with additional oral antibiotics for the life of the component (standard of care) or at least a minimum of two years.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Patients who speak English and are willing to sign the consent form
* Patients with acute early postoperative infection (symptoms ≤ 4 weeks from surgery; symptoms \< 4 weeks in duration) and acute hematogenous infection (greater than 4 weeks from surgery; symptoms \< 3 weeks in duration) of a primary total knee or total hip arthroplasty, defined as:

* A sinus communicating with the prosthesis OR
* Two positive cultures obtained from the prosthesis OR
* 4 of 5 criteria: Elevated ESR (\> 30mm/hr) and CRP (\> 10mg/L); Elevated synovial leukocyte count (\>3000 cells/μL) or change of ++ on; leukocyte esterase strip; Elevated synovial neutrophil percentage (\> 80%); One positive culture; Positive histological analysis of periprosthetic tissue (\> 5 neutrophils per high; Power field in 5 high power fields x 400).
* OR Patient with an acute infection diagnosed clinically by an orthopedic surgeon treated with DAIR

Exclusion Criteria

* Patients with a chronic PJI, defined as: presentation of symptoms \> 4 weeks in duration.
* Revision surgery or previous two-stage reimplantation.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Columbia University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Mayo Clinic

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Matthew P. Abdel, M.D.

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Matthew Abdel, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Mayo Clinic

Locations

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Mayo Clinic Florida

Jacksonville, Florida, United States

Site Status

Mayo Clinic Minnesota

Rochester, Minnesota, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

Related Links

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Other Identifiers

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22-006739

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id