Trial Outcomes & Findings for The Effect of Religious Practices on Mental and Spiritual Health (NCT NCT05622604)
NCT ID: NCT05622604
Last Updated: 2025-10-10
Results Overview
minimum value: 0, maximum value: 4, higher average item scores indicate higher levels of stress (i.e., worse outcome)
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
312 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
2 months
Results posted on
2025-10-10
Participant Flow
Initial protocol enrollment was 312. However, 120 participants were removed from the study due to suspicions of poor data quality and invalid responses (e.g., same internet protocol addresses across multiple participants, unusual responses), leaving 192 valid participants.
Participant milestones
| Measure |
no Intervention Condition
no intervention
|
Autonomous Use Condition
Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to use the app five days per week.
pray.com app (autonomous use): Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to use the app five days per week.
|
Meditative Prayer Condition
Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to listen to a meditation prayer five days per week.
pray.com app (meditative prayer condition): Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to listen to a meditation prayer five days per week.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
80
|
56
|
56
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
58
|
33
|
44
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
22
|
23
|
12
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
The Effect of Religious Practices on Mental and Spiritual Health
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
no Intervention Condition
n=80 Participants
no intervention
|
Autonomous Use Condition
n=56 Participants
Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to use the app five days per week.
pray.com app (autonomous use): Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to use the app five days per week.
|
Meditative Prayer Condition
n=56 Participants
Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to listen to a meditation prayer five days per week.
pray.com app (meditative prayer condition): Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to listen to a meditation prayer five days per week.
|
Total
n=192 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
|
79 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
55 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
56 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
190 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Age, Continuous
|
36.46 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.17 • n=5 Participants
|
36.54 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.13 • n=7 Participants
|
36.45 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.48 • n=5 Participants
|
36.48 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.19 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
53 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
39 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
37 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
129 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
27 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
17 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
19 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
63 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
White/Caucasion
|
65 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
41 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
44 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
150 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Black or African American
|
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
21 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Asian or Asian American
|
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
11 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Latina/Latino American
|
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Biracial or multiracial
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Other
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Perceived Stress Scale -10
|
3.39 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .62 • n=5 Participants
|
3.12 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .52 • n=7 Participants
|
3.19 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .63 • n=5 Participants
|
3.30 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .60 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Anxiety
|
1.65 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .45 • n=5 Participants
|
1.52 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .47 • n=7 Participants
|
1.57 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .49 • n=5 Participants
|
1.59 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .47 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Depression
|
1.03 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .53 • n=5 Participants
|
.99 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .56 • n=7 Participants
|
.95 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .52 • n=5 Participants
|
1.00 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .54 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale
|
3.69 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .77 • n=5 Participants
|
3.63 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .80 • n=7 Participants
|
3.62 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .71 • n=5 Participants
|
3.66 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .76 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Copenhagen Burnout Inventory
|
3.58 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .67 • n=5 Participants
|
3.50 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .69 • n=7 Participants
|
3.48 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .67 • n=5 Participants
|
3.53 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .68 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
|
17.96 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.47 • n=5 Participants
|
17.44 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.17 • n=7 Participants
|
17.86 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.04 • n=5 Participants
|
17.82 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.26 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Religious Community Inventory
|
3.85 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .79 • n=5 Participants
|
3.77 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .85 • n=7 Participants
|
3.78 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .84 • n=5 Participants
|
3.81 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .82 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Spiritual Well-Being Scale
|
4.51 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .84 • n=5 Participants
|
4.56 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .68 • n=7 Participants
|
4.54 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .76 • n=5 Participants
|
4.53 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .78 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Satisfaction with Life Scale
|
4.06 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.39 • n=5 Participants
|
4.18 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.15 • n=7 Participants
|
4.32 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.43 • n=5 Participants
|
4.15 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.35 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Productivity
|
3.33 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.05 • n=5 Participants
|
3.53 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .81 • n=7 Participants
|
3.54 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .84 • n=5 Participants
|
3.45 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION .93 • n=4 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 2 monthsminimum value: 0, maximum value: 4, higher average item scores indicate higher levels of stress (i.e., worse outcome)
Outcome measures
| Measure |
no Intervention Condition
n=58 Participants
no intervention
|
Autonomous Use Condition
n=33 Participants
Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to use the app five days per week.
pray.com app (autonomous use): Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to use the app five days per week.
|
Meditative Prayer Condition
n=44 Participants
Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to listen to a meditation prayer five days per week.
pray.com app (meditative prayer condition): Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to listen to a meditation prayer five days per week.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Perceived Stress Scale
|
2.79 units on a scale
Standard Deviation .65
|
2.71 units on a scale
Standard Deviation .57
|
2.65 units on a scale
Standard Deviation .65
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 2 monthsminimum value: 0, maximum value: 3, higher average item scores indicate higher levels of anxiety/depression (i.e., worse outcome)
Outcome measures
| Measure |
no Intervention Condition
n=58 Participants
no intervention
|
Autonomous Use Condition
n=33 Participants
Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to use the app five days per week.
pray.com app (autonomous use): Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to use the app five days per week.
|
Meditative Prayer Condition
n=44 Participants
Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to listen to a meditation prayer five days per week.
pray.com app (meditative prayer condition): Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to listen to a meditation prayer five days per week.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Anxiety
|
1.17 units on a scale
Standard Deviation .49
|
1.00 units on a scale
Standard Deviation .46
|
.95 units on a scale
Standard Deviation .46
|
|
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Depression
|
.66 units on a scale
Standard Deviation .50
|
.63 units on a scale
Standard Deviation .56
|
.59 units on a scale
Standard Deviation .46
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 2 monthsminimum value: 1, maximum value: 6, higher average item scores indicate higher levels of mindfulness (i.e., better outcome)
Outcome measures
| Measure |
no Intervention Condition
n=58 Participants
no intervention
|
Autonomous Use Condition
n=33 Participants
Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to use the app five days per week.
pray.com app (autonomous use): Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to use the app five days per week.
|
Meditative Prayer Condition
n=44 Participants
Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to listen to a meditation prayer five days per week.
pray.com app (meditative prayer condition): Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to listen to a meditation prayer five days per week.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Mindful Attention Awareness Scale
|
3.14 units on a scale
Standard Deviation .96
|
2.87 units on a scale
Standard Deviation .75
|
2.89 units on a scale
Standard Deviation .96
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 2 monthsminimum value: 0, maximum value: 4, higher average item scores indicate higher levels of burnout (i.e., worse outcome)
Outcome measures
| Measure |
no Intervention Condition
n=58 Participants
no intervention
|
Autonomous Use Condition
n=33 Participants
Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to use the app five days per week.
pray.com app (autonomous use): Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to use the app five days per week.
|
Meditative Prayer Condition
n=44 Participants
Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to listen to a meditation prayer five days per week.
pray.com app (meditative prayer condition): Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to listen to a meditation prayer five days per week.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Copenhagen Burnout Inventory--personal Subscale
|
2.93 units on a scale
Standard Deviation .91
|
2.80 units on a scale
Standard Deviation .72
|
2.76 units on a scale
Standard Deviation .79
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 2 monthsEach component score of the scale ranges from 0 to 3, with 3 indicating the greatest dysfunction or disturbance. The seven component scores are then summed to obtain a total score, which ranges from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate poorer sleep quality, with a score greater than 5 suggesting significant sleep difficulties
Outcome measures
| Measure |
no Intervention Condition
n=58 Participants
no intervention
|
Autonomous Use Condition
n=33 Participants
Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to use the app five days per week.
pray.com app (autonomous use): Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to use the app five days per week.
|
Meditative Prayer Condition
n=44 Participants
Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to listen to a meditation prayer five days per week.
pray.com app (meditative prayer condition): Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to listen to a meditation prayer five days per week.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory
|
13.43 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.13
|
13.21 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.88
|
13.55 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.91
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 2 monthsminimum value: 1, maximum value: 5, higher average item scores indicate higher levels of religious commitment (i.e., better outcome)
Outcome measures
| Measure |
no Intervention Condition
n=58 Participants
no intervention
|
Autonomous Use Condition
n=33 Participants
Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to use the app five days per week.
pray.com app (autonomous use): Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to use the app five days per week.
|
Meditative Prayer Condition
n=44 Participants
Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to listen to a meditation prayer five days per week.
pray.com app (meditative prayer condition): Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to listen to a meditation prayer five days per week.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Religious Commitment Inventory
|
4.06 units on a scale
Standard Deviation .74
|
3.85 units on a scale
Standard Deviation .93
|
4.07 units on a scale
Standard Deviation .76
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 2 monthsminimum value: 1, maximum value: 6, higher average item scores indicate higher levels of spiritual well-being (i.e., better outcome)
Outcome measures
| Measure |
no Intervention Condition
n=58 Participants
no intervention
|
Autonomous Use Condition
n=33 Participants
Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to use the app five days per week.
pray.com app (autonomous use): Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to use the app five days per week.
|
Meditative Prayer Condition
n=44 Participants
Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to listen to a meditation prayer five days per week.
pray.com app (meditative prayer condition): Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to listen to a meditation prayer five days per week.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Spiritual Well-Being Scale
|
4.89 units on a scale
Standard Deviation .79
|
4.79 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.02
|
4.85 units on a scale
Standard Deviation .77
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 2 monthsminimum value: 1, maximum value: 7, higher average item scores indicate higher levels of satisfaction with life (i.e., better outcome)
Outcome measures
| Measure |
no Intervention Condition
n=58 Participants
no intervention
|
Autonomous Use Condition
n=33 Participants
Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to use the app five days per week.
pray.com app (autonomous use): Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to use the app five days per week.
|
Meditative Prayer Condition
n=44 Participants
Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to listen to a meditation prayer five days per week.
pray.com app (meditative prayer condition): Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to listen to a meditation prayer five days per week.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Satisfaction With Life Scale
|
4.92 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.35
|
4.86 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.32
|
4.91 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.31
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 2 monthsParticipants' level of productivity was measured by three items (Vogel et al., 2022): Participants were asked to rate their responses on a scale from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree. Participants' mean responses were calculated, with higher scores indicating higher perceived efficiency and productivity
Outcome measures
| Measure |
no Intervention Condition
n=58 Participants
no intervention
|
Autonomous Use Condition
n=33 Participants
Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to use the app five days per week.
pray.com app (autonomous use): Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to use the app five days per week.
|
Meditative Prayer Condition
n=44 Participants
Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to listen to a meditation prayer five days per week.
pray.com app (meditative prayer condition): Participants will be given a free subscription to the Pray.com app and will be directed to listen to a meditation prayer five days per week.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Productivity
|
3.86 units on a scale
Standard Deviation .82
|
3.86 units on a scale
Standard Deviation .89
|
4.00 units on a scale
Standard Deviation .86
|
Adverse Events
no Intervention Condition
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Autonomous Use Condition
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Meditative Prayer Condition
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place