Perioperative Use of NAC to Prevent AKI in Patients With Pre-existing Moderate Renal Insufficiency Following Cardiac Surgery

NCT ID: NCT05555511

Last Updated: 2022-12-28

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

46 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2022-08-26

Study Completion Date

2023-02-26

Brief Summary

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) or renal impairment is an established complication of cardiac surgery occurring with an incidence up to 30%, To date, no agent has conferred renal protection. Considerable interest has developed in the potential for Nacetylcysteine (NAC) to exert a renoprotective effect in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Due to the beneficial effect of NAC on contrast nephropathy and its reported anti-inflammatory effects.

Detailed Description

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Acute kidney injury (AKI), is a well-known complication of cardiac surgery, with an incidence of up to 30% depending on the definition. AKI caused by cardiac surgery is the second most common cause of AKI in the intensive care unit and is a common and serious postoperative complication of cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

The pathogenesis of AKI after CPB is multifactorial, and is mostly due to hypo perfusion, reperfusion injury, activation of the systemic inflammatory response, and/or low cardiac output. Reperfusion will result in the formation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in injury to tissues.

The activation of the systemic inflammatory response is mostly due to the exposure of blood to the extracorporeal CPB circuit, resulting in the activation of the immune system, which is also mediated by the generation of reactive oxygen species. This results in increased recruitment of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes into the renal parenchyma, leading to AKI.

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is well known for its antioxidant and free-radical scavenging properties, as well as its vasodilator properties. Its antioxidant properties enable it to prevent ischemic cell death, and as a free-radical scavenger, NAC mitigates the effect of increased reactive oxygen species caused by reperfusion. Hence, theoretically, NAC is able to counteract several mechanisms of kidney injury during cardiac surgery, namely, the systemic inflammatory response, free-radical injury, and ischemia.

In this study, we aimed to investigate if the perioperative use of acetylcysteine will prevent kidney injury after cardiac surgery.

Conditions

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Kidney Injury, Acute

Keywords

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N-acetylcysteine Acute kidney injury Cardiac surgery

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Patients will be randomized using computer generated random series into two groups according to the used drug into:

Group A: N-acetylcysteine group (23 Patients) Patients will receive N-acetylcysteine 600 mg intravenous(IV) every 12 hours 24 hours before surgery and will be continued for 48 hours after surgery.

Group B : Standard (control) group (23 Patients) Patients will not receive N-Acetylcysteine and will receive standard care according to our institutional protocol.
Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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N-acetylcysteine group

(23 Patients) Patients will recieve N-acetylcysteine 600 mg intravenous(IV) every 12 hours 24 hours before surgery and will be continued for 48 hours after surgery

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Control Group

Intervention Type OTHER

Patients will not receive N-Acetylcystiene and will receive standard care according to our institutional protocol

Standard group

Patients will not receive N-Acetylcysteine and will receive standard care according to our institutional protocol

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Control Group

Patients will not receive N-Acetylcystiene and will receive standard care according to our institutional protocol

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Scheduled for open heart Surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) pump.
* Pre-existing moderate renal insufficiency serum creatinine more than 1.5 mg/dL

Exclusion Criteria

* Patients on hemodialysis preoperatively
* History of renal transplantation
* IV contrast within 4 days prior to surgery
* Urgent/emergent surgery
* Preoperative hemodynamic instability (intra-aortic balloon pump support or vasoactive medications)
* Planned off-pump surgery;
* Planned deep-hypothermic-circulatory-arrest
* known or suspected allergy to NAC
* Patient Refusal.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Ain Shams University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Mohamed Alaaeldin Abdelmoneem Alhadidy

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Mohamed A. Alhadidy

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Ain Shams University

Locations

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Cardiothoracic Academy, Ain Shams University Hospitals

Cairo, , Egypt

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Egypt

Central Contacts

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Mohamed A. Alhadidy, MD

Role: CONTACT

Phone: 00201005092648

Email: [email protected]

Adel M. Alansary, MD

Role: CONTACT

Phone: 00201223954877

Email: [email protected]

Facility Contacts

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University President

Role: primary

References

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Lee SH, Kim SJ, Kim HJ, Son JS, Lee R, Yoon TG. Acute Kidney Injury Following Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Children - Risk Factors and Outcomes. Circ J. 2017 Sep 25;81(10):1522-1527. doi: 10.1253/circj.CJ-17-0075. Epub 2017 May 17.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28515370 (View on PubMed)

Schopka S, Diez C, Camboni D, Floerchinger B, Schmid C, Hilker M. Impact of cardiopulmonary bypass on acute kidney injury following coronary artery bypass grafting: a matched pair analysis. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2014 Jan 18;9:20. doi: 10.1186/1749-8090-9-20.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 24438155 (View on PubMed)

Dexter F. Duration of cardiopulmonary bypass and outcome. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2012 Apr;26(2):e19; author reply e19-20. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2011.12.012. Epub 2012 Jan 29. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22285125 (View on PubMed)

Nadim MK, Forni LG, Bihorac A, Hobson C, Koyner JL, Shaw A, Arnaoutakis GJ, Ding X, Engelman DT, Gasparovic H, Gasparovic V, Herzog CA, Kashani K, Katz N, Liu KD, Mehta RL, Ostermann M, Pannu N, Pickkers P, Price S, Ricci Z, Rich JB, Sajja LR, Weaver FA, Zarbock A, Ronco C, Kellum JA. Cardiac and Vascular Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: The 20th International Consensus Conference of the ADQI (Acute Disease Quality Initiative) Group. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018 Jun 1;7(11):e008834. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.008834. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29858368 (View on PubMed)

Ates B, Abraham L, Ercal N. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) and comparison with N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Free Radic Res. 2008 Apr;42(4):372-7. doi: 10.1080/10715760801998638.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18404536 (View on PubMed)

Nigwekar SU, Kandula P. N-acetylcysteine in cardiovascular-surgery-associated renal failure: a meta-analysis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009 Jan;87(1):139-47. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.09.026.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19101287 (View on PubMed)

Savluk OF, Guzelmeric F, Yavuz Y, Cevirme D, Gurcu E, Ogus H, Orki T, Kocak T. N-acetylcysteine versus Dopamine to Prevent Acute Kidney Injury after Cardiac Surgery in Patients with Preexisting Moderate Renal Insufficiency. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg. 2017 Jan-Feb;32(1):8-14. doi: 10.21470/1678-9741-2016-0028.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28423123 (View on PubMed)

Kotlyar E, Keogh AM, Thavapalachandran S, Allada CS, Sharp J, Dias L, Muller D. Prehydration alone is sufficient to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy after day-only angiography procedures--a randomised controlled trial. Heart Lung Circ. 2005 Dec;14(4):245-51. doi: 10.1016/j.hlc.2005.06.007. Epub 2005 Oct 3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16360994 (View on PubMed)

Diaz-Sandoval LJ, Kosowsky BD, Losordo DW. Acetylcysteine to prevent angiography-related renal tissue injury (the APART trial). Am J Cardiol. 2002 Feb 1;89(3):356-8. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(01)02243-3. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11809444 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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FMASU R 122/2022

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id