Examining the Effect of Virtual Reality on Pain and Anxiety Management During Pelvic Examination

NCT ID: NCT05545488

Last Updated: 2022-09-19

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

128 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2021-12-15

Study Completion Date

2022-03-15

Brief Summary

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Objective: The study was conducted as a randomized controlled experimental study to examine the effect of the video watched with virtual reality glasses during the pelvic examination on the level of pain and anxiety perceived by women.

Materials-Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 128 women (64 experimental, 64 control group) who applied to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Polyclinics with non-pregnancy complaints between November 2021 and February 2022, volunteered to participate in the study and were approved by the doctor for pelvic examination. Institutional and ethical committee permissions were obtained before starting the study. Descriptive Information Form, State Anxiety Scale, Visual Comparison Scale (GDS), Pelvic Examination Experience Evaluation Questionnaire, and Questionnaire Evaluating Non-Verbal Responses to Emotional Stressful Situations, prepared by the researcher, were used to collect data. In the pre-test to the women in the experimental group of the study: Descriptive Information Form, State Anxiety Scale, Visual Comparison Scale (for anxiety), then Pelvic examination + Virtual reality application (using virtual reality glasses for a minimum of 5 maximum 15 minutes), Emotional Stress to be applied by the researcher The Form Evaluating Non-Verbal Responses to the Creating Situations, and in the post-test: State Anxiety Scale, Visual Comparison Scale (anxiety + pain), Pelvic Examination Experience Evaluation Questionnaire were applied. In the pre-test to the women in the control group of the study: Introductory Information Form, State Anxiety Scale, Visual Comparison Scale (for anxiety), then Pelvic examination (routine service), Form Evaluating Non-Verbal Responses to Emotional Stressing Situations to be administered by the Researcher, In the post-test: State Anxiety Scale, Visual Comparison Scale (anxiety + pain), Pelvic Examination Experience Evaluation Questionnaire were applied. Data were evaluated in computer environment and using SPSS 23.0 statistical package program. A p value of \<.05 for the data was considered statistically significant.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Pelvic Examination,Virtual Reality

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants

Study Groups

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Experimental group

Before preparing for pelvic training, information was given about virtual training applications, 1-2 minutes of practical information about both virtual glasses and pelvic training. Afterwards, the woman was taken to the gynecological examination table and, as the doctor began the examination, virtual glasses were put on the woman and a virtual reality application containing both sound and image was performed for 5-15 minutes. In the meantime, the pelvic examination was performed by the physician, the researcher accompanied the woman at all stages of the pelvic examination process and provided care based on ethical principles, which cared for the woman, respected, protected privacy.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Virtual reality

Intervention Type DEVICE

I had the women wear virtual reality glasses and watch the video they wanted for at least 5, maximum 15 minutes during the examination.

Control group

The control group was accompanied by the woman at all stages of the pelvic examination process, and the care service that cared for the woman, was respectful, privacy was protected and based on ethical principles was given in the same way, but the virtual glasses initiative was not applied.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Virtual reality

I had the women wear virtual reality glasses and watch the video they wanted for at least 5, maximum 15 minutes during the examination.

Intervention Type DEVICE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Being between the ages of 18-40
* Being able to read and write
* To be competent to express oneself
* Having applied to the outpatient clinic for any gynecological complaint (bleeding, menstrual cycle irregularity, discharge, itching...) or for routine gynecological control.

Exclusion Criteria

* Having a current pregnancy
* Complaining of acute pelvic pain
* Having any damage or lesion in the perineum that may cause pain during the examination
* Having used a pharmacological agent or method with analgesic or anxiolytic effect 24 hours before the examination
* Having a vaginismus problem
* Having any physical or mental problems that may prevent communication
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

40 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Gülay KURT

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

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Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa

Istanbul, , Turkey (Türkiye)

Site Status

Countries

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Turkey (Türkiye)

References

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ACOG Committee Opinion No. 754: The Utility of and Indications for Routine Pelvic Examination. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Oct;132(4):e174-e180. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002895.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30247363 (View on PubMed)

Bates CK, Carroll N, Potter J. The challenging pelvic examination. J Gen Intern Med. 2011 Jun;26(6):651-7. doi: 10.1007/s11606-010-1610-8. Epub 2011 Jan 12.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21225474 (View on PubMed)

Davisson L, Clark K, Powers R, Hobbs G. The rectovaginal examination: physician attitudes and practice patterns. South Med J. 2006 Mar;99(3):212-5. doi: 10.1097/01.smj.0000203334.80885.de.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16553094 (View on PubMed)

Granberg S, Wikland M. A comparison between ultrasound and gynecologic examination for detection of enlarged ovaries in a group of women at risk for ovarian carcinoma. J Ultrasound Med. 1988 Feb;7(2):59-64. doi: 10.7863/jum.1988.7.2.59.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 3279225 (View on PubMed)

Hassan SJ, Sundby J, Husseini A, Bjertness E. The paradox of vaginal examination practice during normal childbirth: Palestinian women's feelings, opinions, knowledge and experiences. Reprod Health. 2012 Aug 28;9:16. doi: 10.1186/1742-4755-9-16.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22929060 (View on PubMed)

Ying Lai C, Levy V. Hong Kong Chinese women's experiences of vaginal examinations in labour. Midwifery. 2002 Dec;18(4):296-303. doi: 10.1054/midw.2002.0326.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12473444 (View on PubMed)

Mahrer NE, Gold JI. The use of virtual reality for pain control: a review. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2009 Apr;13(2):100-9. doi: 10.1007/s11916-009-0019-8.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19272275 (View on PubMed)

Peeker R, Enerback L, Fall M, Aldenborg F. Recruitment, distribution and phenotypes of mast cells in interstitial cystitis. J Urol. 2000 Mar;163(3):1009-15.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10688040 (View on PubMed)

Ueland FR, Depriest PD, Desimone CP, Pavlik EJ, Lele SM, Kryscio RJ, van Nagell JR Jr. The accuracy of examination under anesthesia and transvaginal sonography in evaluating ovarian size. Gynecol Oncol. 2005 Nov;99(2):400-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.06.030. Epub 2005 Aug 9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16084576 (View on PubMed)

Swahnberg K, Wijma B, Siwe K. Strong discomfort during vaginal examination: why consider a history of abuse? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2011 Aug;157(2):200-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.02.025. Epub 2011 Apr 5.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21470763 (View on PubMed)

Kurt G, Ozcan NK. The Effect of Virtual Reality On Pain and Anxiety Management During Pelvic Examination: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2024 Jul-Aug;69(4):543-549. doi: 10.1111/jmwh.13587. Epub 2024 Jan 4.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 38178322 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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2021/20

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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