Study to Determine Possible Effects of Apalutamide, Compared to Placebo, on EGFR Expression in Patients With Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

NCT ID: NCT05521698

Last Updated: 2025-07-01

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

NOT_YET_RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

PHASE1

Total Enrollment

80 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2025-11-01

Study Completion Date

2027-07-15

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

This phase I trial evaluates the effects of apalutamide, compared to placebo, on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein expression in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Apalutamide is in a class of medications called androgen receptor inhibitors. It works by blocking the effects of androgen (a male reproductive hormone) to stop the growth and spread of tumor cells. Previous studies have suggested that expression of a protein called EGFR on tumor cells is related to bladder cancer disease progression. This trial may help doctors evaluate if apalutamide has any effect on EGFR expression in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

I. To compare epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) in normal appearing urothelium adjacent to tumor (measured as a ratio relative to urothelium and lamina-propria specific markers) in participants treated with anti-androgen therapy versus (vs.) participants given placebo.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine effect of apalutamide on EGFR expression (by rtPCR) in the subgroup of patients whose normal appearing urothelium adjacent to tumor expresses the androgen receptor (AR) (at least "1" by immunohistochemistry \[IHC\] score).

II. To correlate AR expression in adjacent urothelium (by IHC score) with EGFR expression by rtPCR in participants randomized to apalutamide versus placebo.

III. Comparison of toxicity in participants randomized to apalutamide versus placebo.

EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:

I. Comparison of AR and EGFR (and possibly phosphorylated EGFR \[pEGFR\]) staining levels (low, moderate, high; by immunocytology) in pre-treatment vs. post-treatment bladder wash cytology.

II. To compare expression of direct androgen response gene (ADAR)-2 measured by rtPCR in normal appearing adjacent (to tumor) urothelium that does and does not express AR (by IHC), in participants randomized to apalutamide versus placebo.

III. Ki-67 expression (by IHC) in normal appearing urothelium adjacent to tumor in participants randomized to apalutamide versus placebo.

IV. Subgroup analysis of Ki-67 expression in the AR+ subgroup. V. Differences in expression of AR, EGFR, pEGFR, and Ki-67 (by semi-quantitative IHC) in tumor in participants randomized to apalutamide versus placebo.

VI. Comparison of demographics of two groups. VII. Change in EGFR expression by rt-PCR in tumor in participants randomized to apalutamide versus placebo.

VIII. Morbidities of treatment (breast tenderness, sexual or urinary side effects, seizure\[s\], depression, abnormal liver function tests \[LFTs\]).

IX. Comparison of pre vs. post intervention urinary biomarkers (CxBladderTM) in both groups, examining the 5 RNAs (by rtPCR) that make up the test, both as a group and each RNA separately.

X. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) mutation analysis in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) blocks from neighboring normal urothelium and tumor tissue in participants randomized to apalutamide versus placebo.

XI. Define changes in the tumor immune microenvironment pre- and post-apalutamide through liquid biopsies of blood and urine using high-dimensional flow cytometry.

XII. Analyze tumor (biopsy specimen) immune microenvironment via multiplex immunofluorescence and spatial transcriptomics.

XIII. Compare AR, EGFR, and pEGFR in biopsies of tumors done at index cystoscopy vs. TURBT in participants randomized to apalutamide versus placebo. (Optional) XIV. Other exploratory markers such as changes in the urinary microbiome in bladder cancer participants randomized to apalutamide versus placebo.

OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 arms.

ARM 1: Patients receive apalutamide orally (PO) once daily (QD) on days 1-21. Patients undergo TURBT on day 21. Up to 28 days of apalutamide prior to TURBT is permitted in the absence of unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo blood and urine sample collection throughout the study. Patients may optionally undergo tumor biopsy at baseline.

ARM 2: Patients receive placebo PO QD on days 1-21. Patients undergo TURBT on day 21. Up to 28 days of placebo prior to TURBT is permitted in the absence of unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo blood and urine sample collection throughout the study. Patients may optionally undergo tumor biopsy at baseline.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up 20-30 days after TURBT.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma Recurrent Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

QUADRUPLE

Participants Caregivers Investigators Outcome Assessors
The participants and the study team will be blinded.

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Arm 1 (apalutamide,TURBT)

Patients receive apalutamide PO QD on days 1-21. Patients undergo TURBT on day 21. Up to 28 days of apalutamide prior to TURBT is permitted in the absence of unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo blood and urine sample collection throughout the study. Patients may optionally undergo tumor biopsy at baseline.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Apalutamide

Intervention Type DRUG

Given PO

Biopsy Procedure

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Undergo tumor biopsy

Biospecimen Collection

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Undergo blood and urine sample collection

Questionnaire Administration

Intervention Type OTHER

Ancillary studies

Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Undergo TURBT

Arm 2 (placebo, TURBT)

Patients receive placebo PO QD on days 1-21. Patients undergo TURBT on day 21. Up to 28 days of placebo prior to TURBT is permitted in the absence of unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo blood and urine sample collection throughout the study. Patients may optionally undergo tumor biopsy at baseline.

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Biopsy Procedure

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Undergo tumor biopsy

Biospecimen Collection

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Undergo blood and urine sample collection

Placebo Administration

Intervention Type DRUG

Given PO

Questionnaire Administration

Intervention Type OTHER

Ancillary studies

Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Undergo TURBT

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Apalutamide

Given PO

Intervention Type DRUG

Biopsy Procedure

Undergo tumor biopsy

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Biospecimen Collection

Undergo blood and urine sample collection

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Placebo Administration

Given PO

Intervention Type DRUG

Questionnaire Administration

Ancillary studies

Intervention Type OTHER

Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor

Undergo TURBT

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Other Intervention Names

Discover alternative or legacy names that may be used to describe the listed interventions across different sources.

ARN 509 ARN-509 ARN509 Erleada JNJ 56021927 JNJ-56021927 Biopsy BIOPSY_TYPE Bx Biological Sample Collection Biospecimen Collected Specimen Collection Transurethral resection (TURBT) TURBT

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* Biologic male adults (\>= 18 years old)

* Note: Because no dosing or adverse event (AE) data are currently available on the use of apalutamide in participants \< 18 years of age, children are excluded from this study but will be eligible for future pediatric trials, if applicable
* Have suspected non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC) on clinic-based cystoscopy or imaging as viewed by an American Urological Association (AUA) board-certified urologist
* Have had cross sectional imaging of the abdomen and pelvis (computed tomography \[CT\] or magnetic resonance imaging \[MRI\] with or without contrast) within 6 months prior to enrollment with no signs of upper tract urothelial cancer (UC), invasive, nor metastatic disease

* Note: If adenopathy or upper tract abnormalities are identified, a negative biopsy and or ureteroscopy is required prior to enrollment
* Newly suspected, diagnosed, or occasionally recurrent bladder cancer (BC)

* Note: Occasional recurrence is defined as =\< 2 prior NMIBC episodes in the 18 months preceding cystoscopy where the index tumor was identified
* Participants with single and multiple tumor lesions
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =\< 1
* Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (note: in participants with Gilbert's syndrome, if total bilirubin is \> 1.5 x upper limit of normal, measure direct and indirect bilirubin and if direct bilirubin is =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal, participants may be eligible)
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase \[SGOT\]) =\< 2 × institutional upper limit of normal
* Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase \[SGPT\]) =\< 2 × institutional upper limit of normal
* Urine Culture \< 50,000 colonies/cc of 1 or more organisms (if found and treated and a confirmed negative culture obtained off antibiotics before study drug is started, they will be eligible)
* Serum Testosterone \>= 300 ng/dL
* Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) within institutional normal
* White blood cell count (WBC) \>= 0.5 × institutional lower limit of normal
* The effects of apalutamide on the developing human fetus at the recommended therapeutic dose are unknown. For this reason, men who are having sex must wear a condom when engaging in any activity that allows for passage of ejaculate to another person throughout the course of the study and 90 days after receiving last dose of study intervention. Male participants should also be advised of the benefit for a female partner to use a highly effective method of contraception as a condom may break or leak. Additionally, men must agree to not donate sperm for the purpose of reproduction during the study and for a minimum of 90 days after receiving the last dose of study intervention
* Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document

Exclusion Criteria

* Participants who have had a previous exposure to sex hormone (e.g., exogenous androgens) or anti-androgenic therapies (e.g., luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone \[LHRH\] agonists, LHRH antagonists, 5 alpha reductase-inhibitors, abiraterone or other anti-androgens) within 6 months of accrual
* Participants who are taking the following medications that increase seizure risks: (e.g., clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, ziprasidone), phenothiazine, antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine, mesoridazine, thioridazine), bupropion, lithium, meperidine, pethidine, phenothiazine and tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, desipramine, doxepin, imipramine, maprotiline), mirtazapine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g., escitalopram, citalopram, fluoxetine), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (e.g., venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, levomilnacipran), stimulants (e.g., amphetamines, methylphenidate), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (e.g., phenelzine, selegiline)
* Participants taking any form of anticoagulation (e.g., heparin, warfarin, lovenox, apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, betrixaban)
* Concurrent use of drugs in category X drug interactions with apalutamide
* Participants receiving any other investigational agents
* History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to apalutamide
* History of prior or concurrent muscle invading UC, or concurrent prostatic urethral, urethral, or upper tract UC or non-urothelial bladder cancer
* History of radiation therapy to the pelvis, prostate or prostatic bed, or rectum
* Any condition (uncontrolled intercurrent illness, psychiatric illness, or social situation) for which, in the opinion of the investigator, participation would not be in the best interest of the participant (eg compromise the well-being) or that could prevent, limit, or confound the protocol-specified assessments
* History of seizures or central nervous system (CNS) metastasis or any condition that in the opinion of the investigator may predispose to seizure or treatment with drugs known to lower the seizure threshold within 4 weeks prior to enrollment in the study
* Participants with severe or unstable angina, myocardial infarction, symptomatic congestive heart failure, uncontrolled hypertension, long QT, arterial or venous thromboembolic events (eg pulmonary embolism, cerebrovascular accident including transient ischemic attacks), or clinically significant ventricular arrhythmias
* In the opinion of the investigator, participant has uncontrolled hypertension, high cholesterol, or diabetes
* Allergy or hypersensitivity to apalutamide, or excipients, unable or unwilling to take antiandrogen therapy (ADT)
* Plans to father a child while enrolled in this study or within 12 weeks after the last dose of study intervention
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

MALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

NIH

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Edward M Messing

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Wisconsin, Madison

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

University of Arizona Cancer Center - Prevention Research Clinic

Tucson, Arizona, United States

Site Status

Cedars Sinai Medical Center

Los Angeles, California, United States

Site Status

National Cancer Institute Urologic Oncology Branch

Bethesda, Maryland, United States

Site Status

University of Rochester

Rochester, New York, United States

Site Status

Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center

Columbus, Ohio, United States

Site Status

University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center - University Hospital

Madison, Wisconsin, United States

Site Status

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

United States

Facility Contacts

Find local site contact details for specific facilities participating in the trial.

Juan Chipollini

Role: primary

520-694-4032

Michael A. Ahdoot

Role: primary

310-423-2659

Sandeep Gurram

Role: primary

240-858-3700

Edward M. Messing

Role: primary

585-275-3345

Debasish Sundi

Role: primary

219-713-9783

Kyle A. Richards

Role: primary

608-262-0759

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

NCI-2022-06871

Identifier Type: REGISTRY

Identifier Source: secondary_id

Pending12

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

INT22-09-01

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

P30CA014520

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

UG1CA242635

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

NCI-2022-06871

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

More Related Trials

Additional clinical trials that may be relevant based on similarity analysis.

Drug Screening Using IMD in Bladder Cancer
NCT06204614 NOT_YET_RECRUITING EARLY_PHASE1