Trial Outcomes & Findings for Messages About Reduced Nicotine in Combusted Tobacco Products (NCT NCT05506046)
NCT ID: NCT05506046
Last Updated: 2024-08-28
Results Overview
Measured with a single item, assesses participant's perception of own risk of overall harm to health under conditions of smoking reduced nicotine cigarettes every day. Response options range from 1 (Not at all likely) to 5 (Extremely likely), with higher scores representing a better outcome. An additional option, "Don't know", is also provided.
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
1901 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
Immediately after exposure
Results posted on
2024-08-28
Participant Flow
Participants were recruited through a panel. Participants were pre-identified based on internal data on age and smoking status: adults who exclusively smoked cigarettes, adults who dual used cigarettes and e-cigarettes, and young adults (aged 18-29) who never smoked.
The panel sample (probability sample) included 971 adults who smoked exclusively, 240 adults who dual used cigarettes and e-cigarettes, and 458 young adults (18-29 years old) who never smoked. To augment the sample of adults who dual used, additional participants were recruited from the opt-in, non-probability sample (n=232) bringing the total sample size to 1901.
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Reduced Nicotine Messages
Participants will receive messages with information about reduced nicotine cigarettes.
Reduced nicotine message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about harms of reduced nicotine cigarettes. The two messages will be drawn from a pool of five messages. The messages will communicate that reduced nicotine cigarettes will still have the rest of the harmful chemicals and cause diseases as the regular cigarettes, but they would make it easier to quit.
|
Modified Risk Messages
Participants will receive messages with information about e-cigarettes.
Modified risk message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about electronic cigarettes as an alternative to regular cigarettes. The two messages will be drawn from a pool of five messages. The messages will communicate that electronic cigarettes are less likely than regular cigarettes to cause severe diseases such as lung cancer.
|
Combined Message -- Reduced Nicotine + Modified Risk Exposure
Participants will receive messages about reduced nicotine cigarettes and about e-cigarettes.
Combined message exposure (reduced nicotine + modified risk): Participants will be shown two messages, one from the reduced nicotine message set and one modified risk message set.
|
Control
Participants will receive messages about bottled water which should have no impact on the outcomes of interest.
Control message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about drinking bottled water. These will be selected from a pool of five message. The messages display specific water products and describe hydration as a healthy activity.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
468
|
484
|
476
|
473
|
|
Overall Study
Compete Session 1
|
468
|
484
|
476
|
473
|
|
Overall Study
Started Session 2
|
379
|
383
|
374
|
374
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
379
|
383
|
374
|
374
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
89
|
101
|
102
|
99
|
Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
Reduced Nicotine Messages
Participants will receive messages with information about reduced nicotine cigarettes.
Reduced nicotine message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about harms of reduced nicotine cigarettes. The two messages will be drawn from a pool of five messages. The messages will communicate that reduced nicotine cigarettes will still have the rest of the harmful chemicals and cause diseases as the regular cigarettes, but they would make it easier to quit.
|
Modified Risk Messages
Participants will receive messages with information about e-cigarettes.
Modified risk message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about electronic cigarettes as an alternative to regular cigarettes. The two messages will be drawn from a pool of five messages. The messages will communicate that electronic cigarettes are less likely than regular cigarettes to cause severe diseases such as lung cancer.
|
Combined Message -- Reduced Nicotine + Modified Risk Exposure
Participants will receive messages about reduced nicotine cigarettes and about e-cigarettes.
Combined message exposure (reduced nicotine + modified risk): Participants will be shown two messages, one from the reduced nicotine message set and one modified risk message set.
|
Control
Participants will receive messages about bottled water which should have no impact on the outcomes of interest.
Control message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about drinking bottled water. These will be selected from a pool of five message. The messages display specific water products and describe hydration as a healthy activity.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
|
89
|
101
|
102
|
99
|
Baseline Characteristics
Messages About Reduced Nicotine in Combusted Tobacco Products
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Reduced Nicotine Messages
n=468 Participants
Participants will receive messages with information about reduced nicotine cigarettes.
Reduced nicotine message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about harms of reduced nicotine cigarettes. The two messages will be drawn from a pool of five messages. The messages will communicate that reduced nicotine cigarettes will still have the rest of the harmful chemicals and cause diseases as the regular cigarettes, but they would make it easier to quit.
|
Modified Risk Messages
n=484 Participants
Participants will receive messages with information about e-cigarettes.
Modified risk message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about electronic cigarettes as an alternative to regular cigarettes. The two messages will be drawn from a pool of five messages. The messages will communicate that electronic cigarettes are less likely than regular cigarettes to cause severe diseases such as lung cancer.
|
Combined Message -- Reduced Nicotine + Modified Risk Exposure
n=476 Participants
Participants will receive messages about reduced nicotine cigarettes and about e-cigarettes.
Combined message exposure (reduced nicotine + modified risk): Participants will be shown two messages, one from the reduced nicotine message set and one modified risk message set.
|
Control
n=473 Participants
Participants will receive messages about bottled water which should have no impact on the outcomes of interest.
Control message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about drinking bottled water. These will be selected from a pool of five message. The messages display specific water products and describe hydration as a healthy activity.
|
Total
n=1901 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Customized
18-29 years
|
128 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
141 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
134 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
147 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
550 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Age, Customized
30-44 years
|
105 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
110 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
114 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
112 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
441 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Age, Customized
45-59 years
|
119 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
112 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
106 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
108 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
445 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Age, Customized
60+
|
116 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
121 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
122 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
106 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
465 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
255 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
262 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
259 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
240 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
1016 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
213 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
222 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
217 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
233 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
885 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
White, non-Hispanic
|
328 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
314 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
348 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
321 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
1311 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Black, non-Hispanic
|
49 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
63 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
52 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
61 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
225 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Other, non-Hispanic
|
20 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
19 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
11 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
21 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
71 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Hispanic
|
55 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
63 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
46 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
54 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
218 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Two Races or more, non-Hispanic
|
16 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
25 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
19 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
16 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
76 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
468 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
484 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
476 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
473 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
1901 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Immediately after exposurePopulation: The number of participants analyzed included all participants in each condition who responded to the outcome measure.
Measured with a single item, assesses participant's perception of own risk of overall harm to health under conditions of smoking reduced nicotine cigarettes every day. Response options range from 1 (Not at all likely) to 5 (Extremely likely), with higher scores representing a better outcome. An additional option, "Don't know", is also provided.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Reduced Nicotine Messages
n=418 Participants
Participants will receive messages with information about reduced nicotine cigarettes.
Reduced nicotine message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about harms of reduced nicotine cigarettes. The two messages will be drawn from a pool of five messages. The messages will communicate that reduced nicotine cigarettes will still have the rest of the harmful chemicals and cause diseases as the regular cigarettes, but they would make it easier to quit.
|
Modified Risk Messages
n=427 Participants
Participants will receive messages with information about e-cigarettes.
Modified risk message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about electronic cigarettes as an alternative to regular cigarettes. The two messages will be drawn from a pool of five messages. The messages will communicate that electronic cigarettes are less likely than regular cigarettes to cause severe diseases such as lung cancer.
|
Combined Message -- Reduced Nicotine + Modified Risk Exposure
n=420 Participants
Participants will receive messages about reduced nicotine cigarettes and about e-cigarettes.
Combined message exposure (reduced nicotine + modified risk): Participants will be shown two messages, one from the reduced nicotine message set and one modified risk message set.
|
Control
n=428 Participants
Participants will receive messages about bottled water which should have no impact on the outcomes of interest.
Control message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about drinking bottled water. These will be selected from a pool of five message. The messages display specific water products and describe hydration as a healthy activity.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Perceived Health Risk of VLNCs (Absolute)
|
4.09 score on a scale
Interval 3.99 to 4.19
|
3.81 score on a scale
Interval 3.71 to 3.9
|
4.03 score on a scale
Interval 3.93 to 4.13
|
3.87 score on a scale
Interval 3.78 to 3.97
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Immediately after exposurePopulation: The number of participants analyzed included all participants in each condition who responded to the outcome measure.
A single item measuring how interested a participant is in trying reduced nicotine cigarettes. Response options are from 1 (not at all) to 7 (extremely), with higher scores representing a worse outcome. An additional option, "Don't know", is also provided.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Reduced Nicotine Messages
n=432 Participants
Participants will receive messages with information about reduced nicotine cigarettes.
Reduced nicotine message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about harms of reduced nicotine cigarettes. The two messages will be drawn from a pool of five messages. The messages will communicate that reduced nicotine cigarettes will still have the rest of the harmful chemicals and cause diseases as the regular cigarettes, but they would make it easier to quit.
|
Modified Risk Messages
n=442 Participants
Participants will receive messages with information about e-cigarettes.
Modified risk message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about electronic cigarettes as an alternative to regular cigarettes. The two messages will be drawn from a pool of five messages. The messages will communicate that electronic cigarettes are less likely than regular cigarettes to cause severe diseases such as lung cancer.
|
Combined Message -- Reduced Nicotine + Modified Risk Exposure
n=449 Participants
Participants will receive messages about reduced nicotine cigarettes and about e-cigarettes.
Combined message exposure (reduced nicotine + modified risk): Participants will be shown two messages, one from the reduced nicotine message set and one modified risk message set.
|
Control
n=440 Participants
Participants will receive messages about bottled water which should have no impact on the outcomes of interest.
Control message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about drinking bottled water. These will be selected from a pool of five message. The messages display specific water products and describe hydration as a healthy activity.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Interest in Trying Reduced Nicotine Cigarettes
|
3.09 score on a scale
Interval 2.89 to 3.28
|
2.95 score on a scale
Interval 2.76 to 3.14
|
3.08 score on a scale
Interval 2.9 to 3.27
|
3.15 score on a scale
Interval 2.95 to 3.34
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Immediately after exposurePopulation: The number of participants analyzed included participants who 1) are adults who smoked exclusively and adults who dual used and 2) responded to the outcome measure.
A single item measuring intention (during the next 6 months) to switch completely from cigarettes to electronic nicotine products. Response options are from 1 (not at all likely) to 7 (extremely likely), with higher scores representing a better outcome. An additional option, "Don't know", is also provided.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Reduced Nicotine Messages
n=324 Participants
Participants will receive messages with information about reduced nicotine cigarettes.
Reduced nicotine message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about harms of reduced nicotine cigarettes. The two messages will be drawn from a pool of five messages. The messages will communicate that reduced nicotine cigarettes will still have the rest of the harmful chemicals and cause diseases as the regular cigarettes, but they would make it easier to quit.
|
Modified Risk Messages
n=340 Participants
Participants will receive messages with information about e-cigarettes.
Modified risk message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about electronic cigarettes as an alternative to regular cigarettes. The two messages will be drawn from a pool of five messages. The messages will communicate that electronic cigarettes are less likely than regular cigarettes to cause severe diseases such as lung cancer.
|
Combined Message -- Reduced Nicotine + Modified Risk Exposure
n=335 Participants
Participants will receive messages about reduced nicotine cigarettes and about e-cigarettes.
Combined message exposure (reduced nicotine + modified risk): Participants will be shown two messages, one from the reduced nicotine message set and one modified risk message set.
|
Control
n=332 Participants
Participants will receive messages about bottled water which should have no impact on the outcomes of interest.
Control message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about drinking bottled water. These will be selected from a pool of five message. The messages display specific water products and describe hydration as a healthy activity.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Intention to Switch From Cigarettes to Electronic Nicotine Products
|
3.15 score on a scale
Interval 2.96 to 3.33
|
2.97 score on a scale
Interval 2.79 to 3.15
|
2.91 score on a scale
Interval 2.73 to 3.09
|
2.86 score on a scale
Interval 2.68 to 3.05
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Immediately after exposurePopulation: The number of participants analyzed included all participants in each condition who responded to the outcome measure.
A single item measuring participants' perception of likelihood of developing addiction to reduced nicotine cigarettes under conditions of smoking them every day. Response options are from 1 (Not at all likely) to 5 (Extremely likely), with higher scores representing a worse outcome. An additional option, "Don't know", is also provided.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Reduced Nicotine Messages
n=404 Participants
Participants will receive messages with information about reduced nicotine cigarettes.
Reduced nicotine message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about harms of reduced nicotine cigarettes. The two messages will be drawn from a pool of five messages. The messages will communicate that reduced nicotine cigarettes will still have the rest of the harmful chemicals and cause diseases as the regular cigarettes, but they would make it easier to quit.
|
Modified Risk Messages
n=416 Participants
Participants will receive messages with information about e-cigarettes.
Modified risk message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about electronic cigarettes as an alternative to regular cigarettes. The two messages will be drawn from a pool of five messages. The messages will communicate that electronic cigarettes are less likely than regular cigarettes to cause severe diseases such as lung cancer.
|
Combined Message -- Reduced Nicotine + Modified Risk Exposure
n=411 Participants
Participants will receive messages about reduced nicotine cigarettes and about e-cigarettes.
Combined message exposure (reduced nicotine + modified risk): Participants will be shown two messages, one from the reduced nicotine message set and one modified risk message set.
|
Control
n=406 Participants
Participants will receive messages about bottled water which should have no impact on the outcomes of interest.
Control message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about drinking bottled water. These will be selected from a pool of five message. The messages display specific water products and describe hydration as a healthy activity.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Perceived Addictiveness of VLNCs
|
3.68 score on a scale
Interval 3.58 to 3.78
|
3.74 score on a scale
Interval 3.64 to 3.84
|
3.65 score on a scale
Interval 3.55 to 3.75
|
3.71 score on a scale
Interval 3.61 to 3.82
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Immediately after exposurePopulation: The number of participants analyzed included all participants in each condition who responded to the outcome measure.
A single item measuring perceptions of comparative risk of smoking reduced nicotine cigarettes vs regular cigarettes. Response options are from 1 (Much less harmful) to 5 (Much more harmful), with higher scores representing a better outcome. An additional option, "Don't know", is also provided.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Reduced Nicotine Messages
n=393 Participants
Participants will receive messages with information about reduced nicotine cigarettes.
Reduced nicotine message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about harms of reduced nicotine cigarettes. The two messages will be drawn from a pool of five messages. The messages will communicate that reduced nicotine cigarettes will still have the rest of the harmful chemicals and cause diseases as the regular cigarettes, but they would make it easier to quit.
|
Modified Risk Messages
n=401 Participants
Participants will receive messages with information about e-cigarettes.
Modified risk message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about electronic cigarettes as an alternative to regular cigarettes. The two messages will be drawn from a pool of five messages. The messages will communicate that electronic cigarettes are less likely than regular cigarettes to cause severe diseases such as lung cancer.
|
Combined Message -- Reduced Nicotine + Modified Risk Exposure
n=413 Participants
Participants will receive messages about reduced nicotine cigarettes and about e-cigarettes.
Combined message exposure (reduced nicotine + modified risk): Participants will be shown two messages, one from the reduced nicotine message set and one modified risk message set.
|
Control
n=404 Participants
Participants will receive messages about bottled water which should have no impact on the outcomes of interest.
Control message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about drinking bottled water. These will be selected from a pool of five message. The messages display specific water products and describe hydration as a healthy activity.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
VLNC Comparative Risk Perceptions
|
2.97 score on a scale
Interval 2.9 to 3.04
|
2.81 score on a scale
Interval 2.74 to 2.88
|
2.89 score on a scale
Interval 2.82 to 2.96
|
2.78 score on a scale
Interval 2.71 to 2.85
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Immediately after exposurePopulation: The number of participants analyzed included all participants in each condition who responded to the outcome measure.
A single item measuring support for the policy to reduce nicotine by 95% in all cigarettes. Response options are from 1 (Strongly Oppose) to 5 (Strongly Support), with higher scores representing a better outcome. An additional option, "Don't know", is also provided.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Reduced Nicotine Messages
n=447 Participants
Participants will receive messages with information about reduced nicotine cigarettes.
Reduced nicotine message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about harms of reduced nicotine cigarettes. The two messages will be drawn from a pool of five messages. The messages will communicate that reduced nicotine cigarettes will still have the rest of the harmful chemicals and cause diseases as the regular cigarettes, but they would make it easier to quit.
|
Modified Risk Messages
n=447 Participants
Participants will receive messages with information about e-cigarettes.
Modified risk message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about electronic cigarettes as an alternative to regular cigarettes. The two messages will be drawn from a pool of five messages. The messages will communicate that electronic cigarettes are less likely than regular cigarettes to cause severe diseases such as lung cancer.
|
Combined Message -- Reduced Nicotine + Modified Risk Exposure
n=446 Participants
Participants will receive messages about reduced nicotine cigarettes and about e-cigarettes.
Combined message exposure (reduced nicotine + modified risk): Participants will be shown two messages, one from the reduced nicotine message set and one modified risk message set.
|
Control
n=450 Participants
Participants will receive messages about bottled water which should have no impact on the outcomes of interest.
Control message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about drinking bottled water. These will be selected from a pool of five message. The messages display specific water products and describe hydration as a healthy activity.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
VLNC Policy Support
|
3.20 score on a scale
Interval 3.09 to 3.32
|
3.08 score on a scale
Interval 2.96 to 3.19
|
3.21 score on a scale
Interval 3.09 to 3.32
|
3.14 score on a scale
Interval 3.03 to 3.26
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Immediately after exposurePopulation: The number of participants analyzed included all participants who responded to all three outcome measures.
A three-item scale measuring to what extent participants think the messages they saw discourage them from wanting to smoke, make smoking seem unpleasant, and make them concerned about health risks of smoking. Response options: from 1 (Disagree) to 4 (Neither Disagree nor Agree) to 7 (Strongly Agree). Higher scores represent a better outcome. The final perceived message effectiveness score is the mean of the response to the three items.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Reduced Nicotine Messages
n=468 Participants
Participants will receive messages with information about reduced nicotine cigarettes.
Reduced nicotine message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about harms of reduced nicotine cigarettes. The two messages will be drawn from a pool of five messages. The messages will communicate that reduced nicotine cigarettes will still have the rest of the harmful chemicals and cause diseases as the regular cigarettes, but they would make it easier to quit.
|
Modified Risk Messages
n=484 Participants
Participants will receive messages with information about e-cigarettes.
Modified risk message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about electronic cigarettes as an alternative to regular cigarettes. The two messages will be drawn from a pool of five messages. The messages will communicate that electronic cigarettes are less likely than regular cigarettes to cause severe diseases such as lung cancer.
|
Combined Message -- Reduced Nicotine + Modified Risk Exposure
n=476 Participants
Participants will receive messages about reduced nicotine cigarettes and about e-cigarettes.
Combined message exposure (reduced nicotine + modified risk): Participants will be shown two messages, one from the reduced nicotine message set and one modified risk message set.
|
Control
n=471 Participants
Participants will receive messages about bottled water which should have no impact on the outcomes of interest.
Control message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about drinking bottled water. These will be selected from a pool of five message. The messages display specific water products and describe hydration as a healthy activity.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Perceived Message Effectiveness
|
4.55 score on a scale
Interval 4.41 to 4.7
|
3.98 score on a scale
Interval 3.84 to 4.13
|
4.32 score on a scale
Interval 4.17 to 4.46
|
2.33 score on a scale
Interval 2.18 to 2.47
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Two weeks after exposurePopulation: The analysis population included participants in each condition that responded to the outcome measure.
Measured with a single item, assesses participant's perception of own risk of overall harm to health under conditions of smoking reduced nicotine cigarettes every day. Response options range from 1 (Not at all likely) to 5 (Extremely likely), with higher scores representing a better outcome. An additional option, "Don't know", is also provided.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Reduced Nicotine Messages
n=300 Participants
Participants will receive messages with information about reduced nicotine cigarettes.
Reduced nicotine message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about harms of reduced nicotine cigarettes. The two messages will be drawn from a pool of five messages. The messages will communicate that reduced nicotine cigarettes will still have the rest of the harmful chemicals and cause diseases as the regular cigarettes, but they would make it easier to quit.
|
Modified Risk Messages
n=300 Participants
Participants will receive messages with information about e-cigarettes.
Modified risk message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about electronic cigarettes as an alternative to regular cigarettes. The two messages will be drawn from a pool of five messages. The messages will communicate that electronic cigarettes are less likely than regular cigarettes to cause severe diseases such as lung cancer.
|
Combined Message -- Reduced Nicotine + Modified Risk Exposure
n=304 Participants
Participants will receive messages about reduced nicotine cigarettes and about e-cigarettes.
Combined message exposure (reduced nicotine + modified risk): Participants will be shown two messages, one from the reduced nicotine message set and one modified risk message set.
|
Control
n=300 Participants
Participants will receive messages about bottled water which should have no impact on the outcomes of interest.
Control message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about drinking bottled water. These will be selected from a pool of five message. The messages display specific water products and describe hydration as a healthy activity.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Perceived Health Risk of VLNCs (Absolute) at Post-test
|
3.68 score on a scale
Interval 3.57 to 3.8
|
3.62 score on a scale
Interval 3.51 to 3.74
|
3.68 score on a scale
Interval 3.56 to 3.79
|
3.62 score on a scale
Interval 3.5 to 3.73
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Two weeks after exposurePopulation: The number of participants analyzed included participants who 1) are adults who smoked exclusively and adults who dual used and 2) responded to the outcome measure.
Single item measuring the average number of cigarettes smoked per day in the past two weeks.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Reduced Nicotine Messages
n=287 Participants
Participants will receive messages with information about reduced nicotine cigarettes.
Reduced nicotine message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about harms of reduced nicotine cigarettes. The two messages will be drawn from a pool of five messages. The messages will communicate that reduced nicotine cigarettes will still have the rest of the harmful chemicals and cause diseases as the regular cigarettes, but they would make it easier to quit.
|
Modified Risk Messages
n=284 Participants
Participants will receive messages with information about e-cigarettes.
Modified risk message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about electronic cigarettes as an alternative to regular cigarettes. The two messages will be drawn from a pool of five messages. The messages will communicate that electronic cigarettes are less likely than regular cigarettes to cause severe diseases such as lung cancer.
|
Combined Message -- Reduced Nicotine + Modified Risk Exposure
n=284 Participants
Participants will receive messages about reduced nicotine cigarettes and about e-cigarettes.
Combined message exposure (reduced nicotine + modified risk): Participants will be shown two messages, one from the reduced nicotine message set and one modified risk message set.
|
Control
n=281 Participants
Participants will receive messages about bottled water which should have no impact on the outcomes of interest.
Control message exposure: Participants will be shown two messages about drinking bottled water. These will be selected from a pool of five message. The messages display specific water products and describe hydration as a healthy activity.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Smoking Behavior
|
11.64 number of cigarettes/day
Interval 10.6 to 12.68
|
11.97 number of cigarettes/day
Interval 10.93 to 13.02
|
12.78 number of cigarettes/day
Interval 11.74 to 13.83
|
11.97 number of cigarettes/day
Interval 10.92 to 13.02
|
Adverse Events
Reduced Nicotine Messages
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Modified Risk Messages
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Combined Message -- Reduced Nicotine + Modified Risk Exposure
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Control
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place