Trial Outcomes & Findings for Effects of Narratives on Demand for Low and High Ventilated Cigarettes and Substitution for Alternative Products (NCT NCT05487625)
NCT ID: NCT05487625
Last Updated: 2025-07-02
Results Overview
Participants completed purchasing trials in an Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM), where cigarette prices increased (type varied by condition) while other product prices remained at market value. The extent to which other nicotine/tobacco products substituted for usual, high-, and low-ventilated cigarettes was assessed. The quantity of products purchased in the ETM was converted to milligrams (mg) of nicotine to standardize the unit of measurement across products. The data reflect the relationship between nicotine purchased (mg; y-axis) and cigarette price (x-axis). To obtain estimates of substitution of price-constant products in the different ETM conditions, the investigators used ordinary least squares regression to predict total mg of nicotine purchased of the price constant product. Y-intercept of price-constant products is reported.
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
89 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
1 day
Results posted on
2025-07-02
Participant Flow
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Narratives
High-ventilated cigarette (HVC) smokers will be exposed to a narrative about the negative consequences of smoking HVC and all of the conditions described in the intervention section.
HVC alone: HVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at market price (MP). Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Low-ventilated cigarette (LVC) alone: LVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price: HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with HVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
LVC and HVC with HVC increasing in price: LVC and HVC are available in the ETM with LVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Usual, HVC and LVC with usual cigarettes increasing in price.: Usual cigarette, HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
|
Fact Sheet
High-ventilated cigarette (HVC) smokers will be exposed to fact sheet about the negative consequences of smoking ventilated cigarettes and all of the conditions described in the intervention section.
HVC alone: HVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at market price (MP). Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Low-ventilated cigarette (LVC) alone: LVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price: HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with HVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
LVC and HVC with HVC increasing in price: LVC and HVC are available in the ETM with LVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Usual, HVC and LVC with usual cigarettes increasing in price.: Usual cigarette, HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
|
Control
High-ventilated cigarette (HVC) smokers will be not be exposed to any messages and will complete all of the conditions described in the intervention section.
HVC alone: HVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at market price (MP). Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Low-ventilated cigarette (LVC) alone: LVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price: HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with HVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
LVC and HVC with HVC increasing in price: LVC and HVC are available in the ETM with LVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Usual, HVC and LVC with usual cigarettes increasing in price.: Usual cigarette, HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
28
|
30
|
29
|
|
Overall Study
HVC Alone
|
27
|
28
|
27
|
|
Overall Study
LVC Alone
|
27
|
28
|
27
|
|
Overall Study
HVC and LVC With HVC Increasing in Price
|
27
|
28
|
27
|
|
Overall Study
LVC and HVC With HVC Increasing in Price
|
27
|
28
|
27
|
|
Overall Study
Usual, HVC and LVC With Usual Cigarettes Increasing in Price
|
27
|
28
|
27
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
27
|
28
|
27
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
1
|
2
|
2
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
Effects of Narratives on Demand for Low and High Ventilated Cigarettes and Substitution for Alternative Products
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Narratives
n=27 Participants
High-ventilated cigarette (HVC) smokers will be exposed to a narrative about the negative consequences of smoking HVC and all of the conditions described in the intervention section.
HVC alone: HVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at market price (MP). Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Low-ventilated cigarette (LVC) alone: LVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price: HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with HVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
LVC and HVC with HVC increasing in price: LVC and HVC are available in the ETM with LVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Usual, HVC and LVC with usual cigarettes increasing in price.: Usual cigarette, HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
|
Fact Sheet
n=28 Participants
High-ventilated cigarette (HVC) smokers will be exposed to fact sheet about the negative consequences of smoking ventilated cigarettes and all of the conditions described in the intervention section.
HVC alone: HVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at market price (MP). Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Low-ventilated cigarette (LVC) alone: LVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price: HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with HVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
LVC and HVC with HVC increasing in price: LVC and HVC are available in the ETM with LVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Usual, HVC and LVC with usual cigarettes increasing in price.: Usual cigarette, HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
|
Control
n=27 Participants
High-ventilated cigarette (HVC) smokers will be not be exposed to any messages and will complete all of the conditions described in the intervention section.
HVC alone: HVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at market price (MP). Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Low-ventilated cigarette (LVC) alone: LVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price: HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with HVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
LVC and HVC with HVC increasing in price: LVC and HVC are available in the ETM with LVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Usual, HVC and LVC with usual cigarettes increasing in price.: Usual cigarette, HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
|
Total
n=82 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
46.37 Years of age
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.76 • n=5 Participants
|
40.32 Years of age
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.06 • n=7 Participants
|
43.81 Years of age
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.71 • n=5 Participants
|
43.46 Years of age
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.81 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
16 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
15 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
19 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
50 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
11 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
32 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
|
27 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
28 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
27 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
82 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
15 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
20 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
22 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
19 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
61 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Fagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence
|
5.52 Scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.19 • n=5 Participants
|
6.25 Scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.03 • n=7 Participants
|
5.26 Scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.58 • n=5 Participants
|
5.68 Scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.97 • n=4 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 1 dayParticipants completed purchasing trials in an Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM), where cigarette prices increased (type varied by condition) while other product prices remained at market value. The extent to which other nicotine/tobacco products substituted for usual, high-, and low-ventilated cigarettes was assessed. The quantity of products purchased in the ETM was converted to milligrams (mg) of nicotine to standardize the unit of measurement across products. The data reflect the relationship between nicotine purchased (mg; y-axis) and cigarette price (x-axis). To obtain estimates of substitution of price-constant products in the different ETM conditions, the investigators used ordinary least squares regression to predict total mg of nicotine purchased of the price constant product. Y-intercept of price-constant products is reported.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Narratives
n=27 Participants
High-ventilated cigarette (HVC) smokers will be exposed to a narrative about the negative consequences of smoking ventilated cigarettes and all of the conditions described in the intervention section.
HVC alone: HVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at market price (MP). Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Low-ventilated cigarette (LVC) alone: LVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price: HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with HVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
LVC and HVC with HVC increasing in price: LVC and HVC are available in the ETM with LVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Usual, HVC and LVC with usual cigarettes increasing in price.: Usual cigarette, HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
|
Fact Sheet
n=28 Participants
High-ventilated cigarette (HVC) smokers will be exposed to fact sheet about the negative consequences of smoking ventilated cigarettes and all of the conditions described in the intervention section.
HVC alone: HVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at market price (MP). Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Low-ventilated cigarette (LVC) alone: LVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price: HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with HVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
LVC and HVC with HVC increasing in price: LVC and HVC are available in the ETM with LVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Usual, HVC and LVC with usual cigarettes increasing in price.: Usual cigarette, HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
|
Control
n=27 Participants
High-ventilated cigarette (HVC) smokers will be not be exposed to any messages and will complete all of the conditions described in the intervention section.
HVC alone: HVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at market price (MP). Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Low-ventilated cigarette (LVC) alone: LVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price: HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with HVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
LVC and HVC with HVC increasing in price: LVC and HVC are available in the ETM with LVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Usual, HVC and LVC with usual cigarettes increasing in price.: Usual cigarette, HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept
High-ventilated cigarette alone: e-cigarette estimated intercept
|
16.4 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 37.6
|
94.2 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 36.9
|
47.8 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 37.5
|
|
Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept
Low-ventilated cigarette alone: e-cigarette estimated intercept
|
56.0 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 43.5
|
12.1 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 42.8
|
67.4 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 43.5
|
|
Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept
HVC and LVC cigarette with HVC cigarettes increasing in price: LVC estimated intercept
|
129.8 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 48.6
|
182.0 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 47.9
|
236.2 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 48.6
|
|
Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept
HVC and LVC cigarette with HVC cigarettes increasing in price: e-cigarette estimated intercept
|
49.9 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 48.6
|
56.9 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 47.9
|
30.2 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 48.6
|
|
Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept
HVC and LVC cigarette with LVC cigarettes increasing in price: e-cigarette estimated intercept
|
56.1 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 45.4
|
40.3 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 44.8
|
40.7 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 45.4
|
|
Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept
HVC and LVC cigarette with LVC cigarettes increasing in price: HVC estimated intercept
|
102.3 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 45.4
|
184.8 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 44.8
|
206.9 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 45.4
|
|
Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept
Usual, HVC and LVC cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price: e-cigarette intercept
|
59.43 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 37.9
|
40.35 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 37.4
|
2.80 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 37.9
|
|
Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept
Usual, HVC and LVC cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price: HVC intercept
|
-55.80 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 37.9
|
-24.32 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 37.4
|
35.66 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 37.9
|
|
Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Intercept
Usual, HVC and LVC cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price: LVC intercept
|
6.24 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 37.9
|
23.99 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 37.4
|
-5.20 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 37.9
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 1 dayParticipants completed purchasing trials in an Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM), where cigarette prices increased (type varied by condition) while other product prices remained at market value. The extent to which other nicotine/tobacco products substituted for usual, high-, and low-ventilated cigarettes was assessed. The quantity of products purchased in the ETM was converted to milligrams (mg) of nicotine to standardize the unit of measurement across products. The data reflect the relationship between nicotine purchased (mg; y-axis) and cigarette price (x-axis). Demand was estimated using the exponential equation: Q = Q0 \* 10\^k(exp(-αQ0C) - 1), where Q is nicotine purchased (mg), C is price, Q0 is demand intensity (purchases at no cost), k is the function's logarithmic span, and α is demand elasticity. Intensity q0 is reported, which represents the estimated mg of nicotine purchased when cigarettes are free (price = 0).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Narratives
n=27 Participants
High-ventilated cigarette (HVC) smokers will be exposed to a narrative about the negative consequences of smoking ventilated cigarettes and all of the conditions described in the intervention section.
HVC alone: HVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at market price (MP). Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Low-ventilated cigarette (LVC) alone: LVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price: HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with HVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
LVC and HVC with HVC increasing in price: LVC and HVC are available in the ETM with LVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Usual, HVC and LVC with usual cigarettes increasing in price.: Usual cigarette, HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
|
Fact Sheet
n=28 Participants
High-ventilated cigarette (HVC) smokers will be exposed to fact sheet about the negative consequences of smoking ventilated cigarettes and all of the conditions described in the intervention section.
HVC alone: HVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at market price (MP). Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Low-ventilated cigarette (LVC) alone: LVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price: HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with HVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
LVC and HVC with HVC increasing in price: LVC and HVC are available in the ETM with LVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Usual, HVC and LVC with usual cigarettes increasing in price.: Usual cigarette, HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
|
Control
n=27 Participants
High-ventilated cigarette (HVC) smokers will be not be exposed to any messages and will complete all of the conditions described in the intervention section.
HVC alone: HVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at market price (MP). Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Low-ventilated cigarette (LVC) alone: LVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price: HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with HVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
LVC and HVC with HVC increasing in price: LVC and HVC are available in the ETM with LVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Usual, HVC and LVC with usual cigarettes increasing in price.: Usual cigarette, HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Cigarette Demand Intensity q0
Cigarette demand intensity q0: usual
|
2509.951 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 636.7094
|
2446.043 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 629.3318
|
2002.901 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 431.5768
|
|
Cigarette Demand Intensity q0
Cigarette demand intensity q0: HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price
|
1226.371 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 313.1189
|
1389.097 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 376.9664
|
1201.065 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 333.2428
|
|
Cigarette Demand Intensity q0
Cigarette demand intensity q0: LVC and HVC with LVC increasing in price
|
1296.955 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 371.9530
|
1106.049 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 292.4133
|
1393.520 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 416.9316
|
|
Cigarette Demand Intensity q0
Cigarette demand intensity q0: HVC only
|
1293.099 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 247.6387
|
2207.993 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 483.5283
|
1395.041 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 321.9870
|
|
Cigarette Demand Intensity q0
Cigarette demand intensity q0: LVC only
|
2289.174 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 613.9061
|
1379.648 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 215.8875
|
2085.754 Mg of Nicotine purchased
Standard Error 565.8513
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 1 dayParticipants completed purchasing trials in an Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM), where cigarette prices increased (type varied by condition) while other product prices remained at market value. The extent to which other nicotine/tobacco products substituted for usual, high-, and low-ventilated cigarettes was assessed. The quantity of products purchased in the ETM was converted to milligrams (mg) of nicotine to standardize the unit of measurement across products. The data reflect the relationship between nicotine purchased (mg; y-axis) and cigarette price (x-axis). To obtain estimates of substitution of price-constant products in the different ETM conditions, the investigators used ordinary least squares regression to predict total mg of nicotine purchased of the price-constant product. Slope of price-constant products is reported, which represents the change in mg of nicotine purchased of price-constant products divided by the change in cigarette price.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Narratives
n=27 Participants
High-ventilated cigarette (HVC) smokers will be exposed to a narrative about the negative consequences of smoking ventilated cigarettes and all of the conditions described in the intervention section.
HVC alone: HVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at market price (MP). Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Low-ventilated cigarette (LVC) alone: LVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price: HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with HVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
LVC and HVC with HVC increasing in price: LVC and HVC are available in the ETM with LVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Usual, HVC and LVC with usual cigarettes increasing in price.: Usual cigarette, HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
|
Fact Sheet
n=28 Participants
High-ventilated cigarette (HVC) smokers will be exposed to fact sheet about the negative consequences of smoking ventilated cigarettes and all of the conditions described in the intervention section.
HVC alone: HVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at market price (MP). Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Low-ventilated cigarette (LVC) alone: LVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price: HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with HVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
LVC and HVC with HVC increasing in price: LVC and HVC are available in the ETM with LVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Usual, HVC and LVC with usual cigarettes increasing in price.: Usual cigarette, HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
|
Control
n=27 Participants
High-ventilated cigarette (HVC) smokers will be not be exposed to any messages and will complete all of the conditions described in the intervention section.
HVC alone: HVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at market price (MP). Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Low-ventilated cigarette (LVC) alone: LVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price: HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with HVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
LVC and HVC with HVC increasing in price: LVC and HVC are available in the ETM with LVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Usual, HVC and LVC with usual cigarettes increasing in price.: Usual cigarette, HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope
High-ventilated cigarette alone: e-cigarette estimated slope
|
13.24 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 8.35
|
-10.33 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 8.24
|
1.96 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 8.35
|
|
Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope
Low-ventilated cigarette alone: e-cigarette tobacco estimated slope
|
1.65 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 9.47
|
11.50 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 9.34
|
-4.26 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 9.47
|
|
Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope
HVC and LVC cigarette with HVC cigarettes increasing in price: LVC estimated slope
|
26.48 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 9.89
|
20.94 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 9.79
|
27.70 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 9.89
|
|
Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope
HVC and LVC cigarette with HVC cigarettes increasing in price: e-cigarette estimated slope
|
1.88 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 9.89
|
-3.67 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 9.79
|
3.09 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 9.89
|
|
Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope
HVC and LVC cigarette with LVC cigarettes increasing in price: e-cigarette estimated slope
|
0.989 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 9.65
|
1.593 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 9.54
|
0.110 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 9.65
|
|
Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope
HVC and LVC cigarette with LVC cigarettes increasing in price: HVC estimated slope
|
24.678 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 9.65
|
25.283 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 9.54
|
23.800 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 9.65
|
|
Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope
Usual, HVC and LVC cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price: e-cigarette slope
|
-4.370 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 8.17
|
-0.643 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 8.09
|
7.577 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 8.17
|
|
Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope
Usual, HVC and LVC cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price: HVC slope
|
28.306 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 8.17
|
32.033 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 8.09
|
40.253 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 8.17
|
|
Nicotine/Tobacco Products Substitution Slope
Usual, HVC and LVC cigarette with usual cigarettes increasing in price: LVC slope
|
20.456 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 8.17
|
24.182 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 8.09
|
32.403 Mg of nicotine/price US$
Standard Error 8.17
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 1 dayParticipants completed purchasing trials in an Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM), where cigarette prices increased (type varied by condition) while other product prices remained at market value. The extent to which other nicotine/tobacco products substituted for usual, high-, and low-ventilated cigarettes was assessed. The quantity of products purchased in the ETM was converted to milligrams (mg) of nicotine to standardize the unit of measurement across products. The data reflect the relationship between nicotine purchased (mg; y-axis) and cigarette price (x-axis). Demand was estimated using the exponential equation: Q = Q0 \* 10\^k(exp(-αQ0C) - 1), where Q is nicotine purchased (mg), C is price, Q0 is demand intensity (purchases at no cost), k is the function's logarithmic span, and α is demand elasticity. Elasticity alpha is reported, which represents the sensitivity of purchasing to changes in cigarette price.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Narratives
n=27 Participants
High-ventilated cigarette (HVC) smokers will be exposed to a narrative about the negative consequences of smoking ventilated cigarettes and all of the conditions described in the intervention section.
HVC alone: HVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at market price (MP). Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Low-ventilated cigarette (LVC) alone: LVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price: HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with HVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
LVC and HVC with HVC increasing in price: LVC and HVC are available in the ETM with LVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Usual, HVC and LVC with usual cigarettes increasing in price.: Usual cigarette, HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
|
Fact Sheet
n=28 Participants
High-ventilated cigarette (HVC) smokers will be exposed to fact sheet about the negative consequences of smoking ventilated cigarettes and all of the conditions described in the intervention section.
HVC alone: HVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at market price (MP). Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Low-ventilated cigarette (LVC) alone: LVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price: HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with HVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
LVC and HVC with HVC increasing in price: LVC and HVC are available in the ETM with LVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Usual, HVC and LVC with usual cigarettes increasing in price.: Usual cigarette, HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
|
Control
n=27 Participants
High-ventilated cigarette (HVC) smokers will be not be exposed to any messages and will complete all of the conditions described in the intervention section.
HVC alone: HVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at market price (MP). Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Low-ventilated cigarette (LVC) alone: LVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price: HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with HVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
LVC and HVC with HVC increasing in price: LVC and HVC are available in the ETM with LVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Usual, HVC and LVC with usual cigarettes increasing in price.: Usual cigarette, HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Cigarette Demand Elasticity Alpha
Cigarette demand elasticity alpha: usual
|
0.0001184530 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes
Standard Error 0.00002668313
|
0.0001866522 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes
Standard Error 0.00005510821
|
0.0006728454 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes
Standard Error 0.0004281379
|
|
Cigarette Demand Elasticity Alpha
Cigarette demand elasticity alpha: HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price
|
-0.004862780 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes
Standard Error 0.00730483
|
0.003933976 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes
Standard Error 0.00373252
|
0.002001107 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes
Standard Error 0.00192290
|
|
Cigarette Demand Elasticity Alpha
Cigarette demand elasticity alpha: LVC and HVC with LVC increasing in price
|
0.0001730126 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes
Standard Error 0.00008899978
|
0.0010937345 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes
Standard Error 0.0007710276
|
0.0004953039 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes
Standard Error 0.0003009148
|
|
Cigarette Demand Elasticity Alpha
Cigarette demand elasticity alpha: HVC only
|
0.005474398 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes
Standard Error 0.002837352
|
0.002718229 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes
Standard Error 0.002489950
|
0.006274115 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes
Standard Error 0.005146063
|
|
Cigarette Demand Elasticity Alpha
Cigarette demand elasticity alpha: LVC only
|
0.0017715209 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes
Standard Error 0.0015139344
|
0.0003113996 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes
Standard Error 0.0001296562
|
0.0058833919 Mg of Nicotine purchased/Price changes
Standard Error 0.0053767638
|
Adverse Events
Narratives
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Fact Sheet
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 1 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Control
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
| Measure |
Narratives
n=27 participants at risk
High-ventilated cigarette (HVC) smokers will be exposed to a narrative about the negative consequences of smoking HVC and all of the conditions described in the intervention section.
HVC alone: HVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at market price (MP). Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Low-ventilated cigarette (LVC) alone: LVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price: HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with HVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
LVC and HVC with HVC increasing in price: LVC and HVC are available in the ETM with LVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Usual, HVC and LVC with usual cigarettes increasing in price.: Usual cigarette, HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
|
Fact Sheet
n=28 participants at risk
High-ventilated cigarette (HVC) smokers will be exposed to fact sheet about the negative consequences of smoking ventilated cigarettes and all of the conditions described in the intervention section.
HVC alone: HVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at market price (MP). Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Low-ventilated cigarette (LVC) alone: LVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price: HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with HVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
LVC and HVC with HVC increasing in price: LVC and HVC are available in the ETM with LVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Usual, HVC and LVC with usual cigarettes increasing in price.: Usual cigarette, HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
|
Control
n=27 participants at risk
High-ventilated cigarette (HVC) smokers will be not be exposed to any messages and will complete all of the conditions described in the intervention section.
HVC alone: HVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at market price (MP). Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Low-ventilated cigarette (LVC) alone: LVC are the only available cigarettes in the ETM which increases in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
HVC and LVC with HVC increasing in price: HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with HVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
LVC and HVC with HVC increasing in price: LVC and HVC are available in the ETM with LVC increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
Usual, HVC and LVC with usual cigarettes increasing in price.: Usual cigarette, HVC and LVC are available in the ETM with usual cigarettes increasing in price across trials. Other products are available in the ETM at MP. Note that all participants will complete all the specified conditions.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Gastrointestinal disorders
Gastrointestinal Issues
|
0.00%
0/27 • Approximately 2-3 weeks.
Adverse events were assessed in a systematic manner. Specifically, this adverse event was identified before the intervention phase, during the period when a participant was sampling products at home. The participant reported experiencing withdrawal symptoms after using the products.
|
3.6%
1/28 • Number of events 1 • Approximately 2-3 weeks.
Adverse events were assessed in a systematic manner. Specifically, this adverse event was identified before the intervention phase, during the period when a participant was sampling products at home. The participant reported experiencing withdrawal symptoms after using the products.
|
0.00%
0/27 • Approximately 2-3 weeks.
Adverse events were assessed in a systematic manner. Specifically, this adverse event was identified before the intervention phase, during the period when a participant was sampling products at home. The participant reported experiencing withdrawal symptoms after using the products.
|
Additional Information
Roberta Freitas Lemos
Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC
Phone: 540 526 2106
Email: [email protected]
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place