Trial Outcomes & Findings for Central Sodium Sensing: Implications for Blood Pressure Regulation (NCT NCT05480722)

NCT ID: NCT05480722

Last Updated: 2025-12-08

Results Overview

Functional connectivity between sodium sensing circumventricular organs (subfornical organ (SFO) and organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis(OVLT)) was calculated (expressed as the z-score). Functional connectivity is a measure of the the correlation (or synchronization) of the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal time course between two brain regions. Pearson correlations were computed between the BOLD fMRI signal in the SFO and OVLT in a seed-to-seed functional connectivity analysis. Pearson correlations were converted to Z-scores using a Fisher's transform. A Z-score of 0 indicates no correlation between the BOLD fMRI signal between these 2 brain regions; a higher score indicates a greater, positive correlation between the BOLD fMRI signal in these 2 brain regions; a lower score indicates a greater, negative correlation between the fMRI signal in these 2 brain regions. This data does not have any clinical thresholds.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

29 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Functional connectivity (FC) was calculated at baseline (~10 min). Then, participants received a 30-minute hypertonic saline infusion (HSI) with or without furosemide before. FC was calculated during the early (0-15 min) and late phase (15-30 min) of HSI.

Results posted on

2025-12-08

Participant Flow

29 participants were consented into the study. However, prior to starting an intervention, participants underwent a medical screening to ensure they qualify for the study. During this process, 7 participants failed the screening and 10 participants withdrew by choice. Thus, these 17 participants did not begin an intervention. This is why we only report a total of 12 participants (9+3) enrolled in the participant flow.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Hypernatremia + Furosemide First, Then Hypernatremia Without Furosemide
Participants in this arm underwent blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on two separate days. On the first testing day, participants received a hypertonic saline infusion with NKCC2 antagonism (furosemide). On the second testing day, participants received a hypertonic saline infusion without NKCC2 antagonism (furosemide).
Hypernatremia Without Furosemide First, Then Hypernatremia + Furosemide
Participants in this arm underwent blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on two separate days. On the first testing day, participants received a hypertonic saline infusion without NKCC2 antagonism (furosemide). On the second testing day, participants received a hypertonic saline infusion with NKCC2 antagonism (furosemide).
Overall Study
STARTED
9
3
Overall Study
COMPLETED
4
2
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
5
1

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Central Sodium Sensing: Implications for Blood Pressure Regulation

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
All Study Participants
n=6 Participants
All study participants who completed the hypertonic saline infusion protocol both with and without NKCC2 antagonism (furosemide). This is combining participants assigned to the Hypernatremia + Furosemide first, then Hypernatremia without Furosemide Arm and the Hypernatremia without Furosemide first, then Hypernatremia + Furosemide Arm.
Age, Continuous
28 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8 • n=37 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
3 Participants
n=37 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
3 Participants
n=37 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=37 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
2 Participants
n=37 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=37 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
1 Participants
n=37 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
3 Participants
n=37 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=37 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=37 Participants
Body Mass Index (BMI)
26.3 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.3 • n=37 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Functional connectivity (FC) was calculated at baseline (~10 min). Then, participants received a 30-minute hypertonic saline infusion (HSI) with or without furosemide before. FC was calculated during the early (0-15 min) and late phase (15-30 min) of HSI.

Functional connectivity between sodium sensing circumventricular organs (subfornical organ (SFO) and organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis(OVLT)) was calculated (expressed as the z-score). Functional connectivity is a measure of the the correlation (or synchronization) of the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal time course between two brain regions. Pearson correlations were computed between the BOLD fMRI signal in the SFO and OVLT in a seed-to-seed functional connectivity analysis. Pearson correlations were converted to Z-scores using a Fisher's transform. A Z-score of 0 indicates no correlation between the BOLD fMRI signal between these 2 brain regions; a higher score indicates a greater, positive correlation between the BOLD fMRI signal in these 2 brain regions; a lower score indicates a greater, negative correlation between the fMRI signal in these 2 brain regions. This data does not have any clinical thresholds.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Hypertonic Saline Infusion Without Furosemide
n=6 Participants
Data from participants functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan at which they received the hypertonic saline infusion without NKCC2 antagonism (furosemide).
Hypertonic Saline Infusion + Furosemide
n=6 Participants
Data from participants functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan at which they received the hypertonic saline infusion with NKCC2 antagonism (furosemide).
Functional Connectivity Between the Subfornical Organ and Organum Vasculosum of the Lamina Terminalis (Z-score)
Baseline (Immediately pre-furosemide and/or hypertonic saline infusion)
0.258490 z-score
Standard Deviation 0.105129
0.359145 z-score
Standard Deviation 0.268795
Functional Connectivity Between the Subfornical Organ and Organum Vasculosum of the Lamina Terminalis (Z-score)
Early Phase (0-15 minutes of hypertonic saline infusion)
0.207372 z-score
Standard Deviation 0.196048
0.169055 z-score
Standard Deviation 0.169819
Functional Connectivity Between the Subfornical Organ and Organum Vasculosum of the Lamina Terminalis (Z-score)
Late Phase (15-30 minutes of hypertonic saline infusion)
0.272881 z-score
Standard Deviation 0.130301
0.097043 z-score
Standard Deviation 0.066845

Adverse Events

Hypernatremia + Furosemide

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Hypernatremia Without Furosemide

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

William B Farquhar

University of Delaware

Phone: 302-831-6168

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place