Brain Health With Inner Engineering Meditation

NCT ID: NCT05455814

Last Updated: 2025-09-29

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

80 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-01-06

Study Completion Date

2025-12-31

Brief Summary

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This study will explore whether a 21-minute meditation practice called Shambhavi Mahamudra Kriya leads to changes in brain health and explore how it affects cognitive and physiological function.

Detailed Description

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Meditation has been linked to improved brain health and lower brain age. Brain age has been successfully estimated from structural MRI and more recently, EEG Sleep data using Brain Age Index (BAI) derived by machine learning algorithms. Patients with significant neurological or psychiatric disease exhibit a mean excess BAI of about 4 years. Higher BAI is a predictor of mortality. Long term meditation has been associated with lower Brain Age in MRI studies. However, the EEG sleep measure of Brain Age has not been reported in meditators.

This project aims to quantify the progressive impact of meditation on brain age. If established objectively, meditation-based interventions could offer safe, affordable and accessible solutions to promote younger and healthier brains and will have invaluable health and financial implications.

The goal of this project is twofold:

1. In alignment with the recent NCCIH emphasis, we propose this study to combine neuroimaging with other non-neural modalities to delineate the impact of meditation on brain health and overall physiology and to identify objective neural biomarkers to assess meditation-based interventions which could be further used in clinical applications.
2. It is estimated that by 2050, an unprecedented 18% of the world's population will be above 65 years of age. According to the National Institute on Aging (NIA), aging is the most significant risk factor of many chronic conditions including age-related neurodegenerative diseases, which severely impact the quality of life, healthcare and social costs. The total healthcare cost of Alzheimer's disease in 2020 was estimated at $305 billion and expected to rise to $1 trillion soon. NIA's 5 year strategy highlights the crucial need to better understand the aging brain and develop interventions to address age-related neurological conditions.

The study intervention is a multi-component 21-minute meditation called Shambhavi Mahamudra Kriya. It is taught at the Inner Engineering program offered by non-profit Isha Foundation as online as well as in-person formats. It incorporates a combination of different breathing patterns and meditative components. The intervention training provides precise, step by step and easy to follow instructions on how to perform this practice. Performed in a seated posture, this is a simple, safe and accessible intervention that requires no previous experience of meditation. The intervention selected for this study was shown to significantly reduce perceived stress, enhance self-reported general well-being, improve positive emotions, mindfulness, sleep, engagement, relationships and may promote enhanced Heart Rate Variability and Sympathovagal balance. The control group will be selected to be age, gender and education level matched with the intervention group and will be asked to continue their daily routine.

Conditions

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Meditation Brain; Agenesis

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NON_RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

FACTORIAL

This is a prospective cohort study with 40 intervention and 40 matched controls to be followed up for 6 months. Both cohorts will be recruited from meditation-Naïve healthy individuals. The intervention group will learn a 21 minute meditation to practice daily. Various outcomes related to brain health and brain age will be collected over a period of 6 months.
Primary Study Purpose

HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Wellness and Meditation-Based Intervention

Shambhavi Mahamudra Kriya: a multi-component 21-minute meditation that incorporates a combination of different breathing patterns and meditative components.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Shambhavi Madamudra Kriya

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

The intervention is taught at the Inner Engineering program offered by non-profit Isha Foundation as online as well as in-person formats. It incorporates a combination of different breathing patterns and meditative components. The intervention training provides precise, step by step and easy to follow instructions on how to perform this practice. Performed in a seated posture, this is a simple, safe and accessible intervention that requires no previous experience of meditation. The intervention selected for this study was shown to significantly reduce perceived stress, enhance self-reported general well-being, improve positive emotions, mindfulness, sleep, engagement, relationships, and may promote enhanced Heart Rate Variability and Sympathovagal balance.

Control

Control Group: selected to be age, gender and education level matched with the intervention group and will be asked to continue their daily routine while completing surveys at each timepoint.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Shambhavi Madamudra Kriya

The intervention is taught at the Inner Engineering program offered by non-profit Isha Foundation as online as well as in-person formats. It incorporates a combination of different breathing patterns and meditative components. The intervention training provides precise, step by step and easy to follow instructions on how to perform this practice. Performed in a seated posture, this is a simple, safe and accessible intervention that requires no previous experience of meditation. The intervention selected for this study was shown to significantly reduce perceived stress, enhance self-reported general well-being, improve positive emotions, mindfulness, sleep, engagement, relationships, and may promote enhanced Heart Rate Variability and Sympathovagal balance.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Individuals between the ages of 20-65 years.
* Subjects will be required to be able to understand study instructions and provide informed consent.
* Currently residing in Massachusetts.

Exclusion Criteria

* Non-English Speaking. (Justification: Meditation and cognitive assessment instruments are not validated in a sufficient range of languages, and the research team lacks polylingual capabilities or the financial resources to hire interpreters for the duration of all proposed assessments.)
* Practicing meditation regularly for the past 6 months (3 or more times per week of practice regularly for the past 6 month).
* History of psychiatric illness such as severe anxiety, severe depression, Schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
* History of any form of cognitive decline or neurological conditions such as dementia, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, brain tumors, brain surgery.
* Current use of cognition enhancing drugs
* Current management for chronic pain.
* History (within the last 5 years) of stroke/aneurysm.
* Active history (within the last 5 years) of alcohol or drug abuse (\> 10 drinks per week).
* Current pregnancy or planning to become pregnant in the next 6 months.
* Currently enrolled in another interventional study that could impact the primary outcome, as determined by the PI.
* Educational attainment below high school level or equivalent.
* Significant visual impairment.

Women of childbearing potential will be included as the intervention and the procedures in the study have minimal risks. There will be no enrollment exclusions based on sex, racial or ethnic factors.

If a woman becomes pregnant during the course of the study and is willing to stay as a subject, MRI will not be conducted.
Minimum Eligible Age

20 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Balachundhar Subramaniam

Professor of Anesthesia

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Balachundar Subramaniam, MD, MPH

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Locations

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Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United States

Central Contacts

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Balachundar Subramaniam, MD, MPH

Role: CONTACT

617-667-2721

Sepideh Hariri, PhD

Role: CONTACT

Facility Contacts

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Balachundar Subramaniam, MD, MPH

Role: primary

6176672721

References

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Yordanova J, Kolev V, Mauro F, Nicolardi V, Simione L, Calabrese L, Malinowski P, Raffone A. Common and distinct lateralised patterns of neural coupling during focused attention, open monitoring and loving kindness meditation. Sci Rep. 2020 May 4;10(1):7430. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64324-6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32366919 (View on PubMed)

Fox KC, Dixon ML, Nijeboer S, Girn M, Floman JL, Lifshitz M, Ellamil M, Sedlmeier P, Christoff K. Functional neuroanatomy of meditation: A review and meta-analysis of 78 functional neuroimaging investigations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016 Jun;65:208-28. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.021. Epub 2016 Mar 28.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27032724 (View on PubMed)

Luders E, Cherbuin N, Gaser C. Estimating brain age using high-resolution pattern recognition: Younger brains in long-term meditation practitioners. Neuroimage. 2016 Jul 1;134:508-513. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.04.007. Epub 2016 Apr 11.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27079530 (View on PubMed)

Paixao L, Sikka P, Sun H, Jain A, Hogan J, Thomas R, Westover MB. Excess brain age in the sleep electroencephalogram predicts reduced life expectancy. Neurobiol Aging. 2020 Apr;88:150-155. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.12.015. Epub 2019 Dec 23.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 31932049 (View on PubMed)

Peterson CT, Bauer SM, Chopra D, Mills PJ, Maturi RK. Effects of Shambhavi Mahamudra Kriya, a Multicomponent Breath-Based Yogic Practice ( Pranayama), on Perceived Stress and General Well-Being. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017 Oct;22(4):788-797. doi: 10.1177/2156587217730934. Epub 2017 Sep 22.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29228793 (View on PubMed)

Muralikrishnan K, Balakrishnan B, Balasubramanian K, Visnegarawla F. Measurement of the effect of Isha Yoga on cardiac autonomic nervous system using short-term heart rate variability. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2012 Apr;3(2):91-6. doi: 10.4103/0975-9476.96528.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22707866 (View on PubMed)

Brandmeyer T, Delorme A. Reduced mind wandering in experienced meditators and associated EEG correlates. Exp Brain Res. 2018 Sep;236(9):2519-2528. doi: 10.1007/s00221-016-4811-5. Epub 2016 Nov 4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 27815577 (View on PubMed)

Gao R, Peterson EJ, Voytek B. Inferring synaptic excitation/inhibition balance from field potentials. Neuroimage. 2017 Sep;158:70-78. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.078. Epub 2017 Jul 1.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 28676297 (View on PubMed)

Orekhova EV, Stroganova TA, Schneiderman JF, Lundstrom S, Riaz B, Sarovic D, Sysoeva OV, Brant G, Gillberg C, Hadjikhani N. Neural gain control measured through cortical gamma oscillations is associated with sensory sensitivity. Hum Brain Mapp. 2019 Apr 1;40(5):1583-1593. doi: 10.1002/hbm.24469. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 30549144 (View on PubMed)

Kinnunen H, Rantanen A, Kentta T, Koskimaki H. Feasible assessment of recovery and cardiovascular health: accuracy of nocturnal HR and HRV assessed via ring PPG in comparison to medical grade ECG. Physiol Meas. 2020 May 7;41(4):04NT01. doi: 10.1088/1361-6579/ab840a.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32217820 (View on PubMed)

Altini M, Kinnunen H. The Promise of Sleep: A Multi-Sensor Approach for Accurate Sleep Stage Detection Using the Oura Ring. Sensors (Basel). 2021 Jun 23;21(13):4302. doi: 10.3390/s21134302.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 34201861 (View on PubMed)

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Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32840331 (View on PubMed)

Brandmeyer T, Delorme A. Closed-Loop Frontal Midlinetheta Neurofeedback: A Novel Approach for Training Focused-Attention Meditation. Front Hum Neurosci. 2020 Jun 30;14:246. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00246. eCollection 2020.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32714171 (View on PubMed)

Bruining H, Hardstone R, Juarez-Martinez EL, Sprengers J, Avramiea AE, Simpraga S, Houtman SJ, Poil SS, Dallares E, Palva S, Oranje B, Matias Palva J, Mansvelder HD, Linkenkaer-Hansen K. Measurement of excitation-inhibition ratio in autism spectrum disorder using critical brain dynamics. Sci Rep. 2020 Jun 8;10(1):9195. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65500-4.

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Arnal PJ, Thorey V, Debellemaniere E, Ballard ME, Bou Hernandez A, Guillot A, Jourde H, Harris M, Guillard M, Van Beers P, Chennaoui M, Sauvet F. The Dreem Headband compared to polysomnography for electroencephalographic signal acquisition and sleep staging. Sleep. 2020 Nov 12;43(11):zsaa097. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa097.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 32433768 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

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http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04189146

Subramaniam, B. Inner Engineering Yoga Program on Short and Long Term Health Effects (ISHA-Impact): A Longitudinal Study. clinical trials.gov, 2021 Sep. Report No.: NCT04189146.

Other Identifiers

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2022P000296

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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