Trial Outcomes & Findings for Mindfulness Training, Mental Fatigue, Endurance Performance and Neurocognitive Functions (NCT NCT05452460)

Results Overview

Followed by the manipulation conditions, inhibitory control will be evaluated by a Flanker task (i.e., either mental fatigue condition or control condition). In the Flanker task, participants will be presented with five arrows and will be instructed to respond as quickly and accurately as possible to the direction where the middle arrow is pointing (i.e., left or right). Types of trials are the congruent (i.e., \> \> \> \> \>) and incongruent (i.e., \< \< \> \< \<). The reaction time (RT) and accuracy (ACC) of the incongruent trials were calculated as inhibitory control performance, and the difference between conditions was further calculated to represent a mental fatigue-related impairment of inhibitory control in pre-test and post-test.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

53 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)

Results posted on

2025-01-30

Participant Flow

No participants were excluded from the study before assignment to groups.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Mindfulness Training Group Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks. Mindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.	Waitlist Control Group Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.
Overall Study STARTED	26	27
Overall Study COMPLETED	22	24
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	4	3

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure	Mindfulness Training Group Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks. Mindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.	Waitlist Control Group Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.
Overall Study Lost to Follow-up	3	3
Overall Study Did not receive intervention	1	0

Baseline Characteristics

Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Mindfulness Training Group n=26 Participants Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks. Mindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.	Waitlist Control Group n=27 Participants Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.	Total n=53 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous	20.08 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.35 • n=26 Participants	20.22 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.50 • n=27 Participants	20.15 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.42 • n=53 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	7 Participants n=26 Participants	5 Participants n=27 Participants	12 Participants n=53 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	19 Participants n=26 Participants	22 Participants n=27 Participants	41 Participants n=53 Participants
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected	—	—	0 Participants Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
Sport Track & field	7 Participants n=26 Participants	7 Participants n=27 Participants	14 Participants n=53 Participants
Sport Judo	5 Participants n=26 Participants	7 Participants n=27 Participants	12 Participants n=53 Participants
Sport Wrestling	5 Participants n=26 Participants	6 Participants n=27 Participants	11 Participants n=53 Participants
Sport Wushu	9 Participants n=26 Participants	7 Participants n=27 Participants	16 Participants n=53 Participants
Height	167.5 centimeter (cm) STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.96 • n=26 Participants	168.72 centimeter (cm) STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.62 • n=27 Participants	168.12 centimeter (cm) STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.75 • n=53 Participants
Weight	71.55 kilograms (kg) STANDARD_DEVIATION 26.88 • n=26 Participants	66.88 kilograms (kg) STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.01 • n=27 Participants	69.17 kilograms (kg) STANDARD_DEVIATION 20.07 • n=53 Participants
Education level	14.35 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.32 • n=26 Participants	14.44 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.40 • n=27 Participants	14.40 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.35 • n=53 Participants
Training experience	8.00 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.06 • n=26 Participants	8.18 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.65 • n=27 Participants	8.10 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.39 • n=53 Participants
Working memory Forward digit span	14.35 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.02 • n=26 Participants	14.22 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.55 • n=27 Participants	14.28 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.78 • n=53 Participants
Working memory Backward digit span	9.27 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.75 • n=26 Participants	10.22 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.45 • n=27 Participants	9.75 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.62 • n=53 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)

Followed by the manipulation conditions, inhibitory control will be evaluated by a Flanker task (i.e., either mental fatigue condition or control condition). In the Flanker task, participants will be presented with five arrows and will be instructed to respond as quickly and accurately as possible to the direction where the middle arrow is pointing (i.e., left or right). Types of trials are the congruent (i.e., \> \> \> \> \>) and incongruent (i.e., \< \< \> \< \<). The reaction time (RT) and accuracy (ACC) of the incongruent trials were calculated as inhibitory control performance, and the difference between conditions was further calculated to represent a mental fatigue-related impairment of inhibitory control in pre-test and post-test.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Mindfulness Training Group n=26 Participants Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks. Mindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.	Waitlist Control Group n=27 Participants Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.
Inhibitory Control: Reaction Time Condition difference in RT of Flanker task (pre-test)	10.79 millisecond Standard Deviation 57.89	5.47 millisecond Standard Deviation 42.72
Inhibitory Control: Reaction Time Condition difference in RT of Flanker task (post-test)	4.11 millisecond Standard Deviation 19.63	-0.61 millisecond Standard Deviation 19.90

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)

Followed by the manipulation conditions, inhibitory control will be evaluated by a Flanker task (i.e., either mental fatigue condition or control condition). In the Flanker task, participants will be presented with five arrows and will be instructed to respond as quickly and accurately as possible to the direction where the middle arrow is pointing (i.e., left or right). Types of trials are the congruent (i.e., \> \> \> \> \>) and incongruent (i.e., \< \< \> \< \<). The reaction time (RT) and accuracy (ACC) of the incongruent trials were calculated as inhibitory control performance, and the difference between conditions was further calculated to represent a mental fatigue-related impairment of inhibitory control in pre-test and post-test.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Mindfulness Training Group n=26 Participants Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks. Mindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.	Waitlist Control Group n=27 Participants Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.
Inhibitory Control: Accuracy Condition difference in ACC of Flanker task (pre-test)	6.15 percentage of correct response Standard Deviation 11.79	2.32 percentage of correct response Standard Deviation 11.97
Inhibitory Control: Accuracy Condition difference in ACC of Flanker task (post-test)	2.60 percentage of correct response Standard Deviation 6.12	2.61 percentage of correct response Standard Deviation 4.83

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)

The neuroelectrical activities (i.e., N2, P3) during the Flanker task were recorded and analyzed using the Neuroscan system. The difference in neuroelectrical activities between conditions (i.e., mental fatigue condition \& control condition) were calculated as mental fatigue-related impairment in neuroelectrical markers of inhibitory control.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Mindfulness Training Group n=26 Participants Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks. Mindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.	Waitlist Control Group n=27 Participants Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.
ERP: N2 Condition difference in N2 amplitude at pre-test (incongruent trial)	-1.27 μV Standard Deviation 3.48	-1.14 μV Standard Deviation 4.85
ERP: N2 Condition difference in N2 amplitude at post-test (incongruent trial)	0.72 μV Standard Deviation 4.07	0.18 μV Standard Deviation 2.58

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)

The neuroelectrical activities (i.e., N2, P3) during the Flanker task were recorded and analyzed using the Neuroscan system. The difference in neuroelectrical activities between conditions (i.e., mental fatigue condition \& control condition) were calculated as mental fatigue-related impairment in neuroelectrical markers of inhibitory control.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Mindfulness Training Group n=26 Participants Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks. Mindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.	Waitlist Control Group n=27 Participants Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.
ERP: P3 Condition difference in P3 amplitude at post-test (incongruent trial)	0.78 μV Standard Deviation 6.05	-0.69 μV Standard Deviation 5.60
ERP: P3 Condition difference in P3 amplitude at pre-test (incongruent trial)	-0.28 μV Standard Deviation 3.85	0.19 μV Standard Deviation 5.23

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)

The graded exercise test (GXT) on treadmill was used to assess participant's endurance performance. Bruce protocol will be adopted in the test. The initial speed and grade of the GXT will be set at 2.74 km/hr with a grade of 10% and increase speed and grade every 3 min until participants are voluntarily exhausted. The time to exhaustion (TTE) was recorded as the endurance performance. The difference in TTE between conditions was further calculated (i.e., control condition minus mental fatigue condition) for both the pre-test and post-test.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Mindfulness Training Group n=26 Participants Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks. Mindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.	Waitlist Control Group n=27 Participants Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.
Endurance Performance: Time to Exhaustion Condition difference in TTE at pre-test	28.50 second Standard Deviation 32.28	23.89 second Standard Deviation 36.43
Endurance Performance: Time to Exhaustion Condition difference in TTE at post-test	-20.06 second Standard Deviation 33.54	13.15 second Standard Deviation 34.45

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)

The graded exercise test (GXT) on treadmill was used to assess participant's endurance performance. Bruce protocol will be adopted in the test. The initial speed and grade of the GXT will be set at 2.74 km/hr with a grade of 10% and increase speed and grade every 3 min until participants are voluntarily exhausted. The maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) was recorded as the endurance performance. The difference in VO2max between conditions was further calculated (i.e., control condition minus mental fatigue condition) for both the pre-test and post-test.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Mindfulness Training Group n=26 Participants Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks. Mindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.	Waitlist Control Group n=27 Participants Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.
Endurance Performance: VO2max Condition difference in VO2max at pre-test	0.86 ml/kg/min Standard Deviation 4.88	0.92 ml/kg/min Standard Deviation 4.12
Endurance Performance: VO2max Condition difference in VO2max at post-test	-0.16 ml/kg/min Standard Deviation 2.92	-0.02 ml/kg/min Standard Deviation 3.62

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Before, after 30-minute Stroop task and after Flanker task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)

Both in the baseline and post-intervention, the visual analog scale for mental fatigue (VAS-MF) was used to assess changes in subjective mental fatigue before and after experimental manipulation. The scale ranges from 0 (not at all mentally fatigued) to 100 (extremely mentally fatigued).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Mindfulness Training Group n=26 Participants Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks. Mindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.	Waitlist Control Group n=27 Participants Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.
Subjective Mental Fatigue VAS score at T1 in pre-test (mental fatigue condition)	25.19 score on a scale Standard Deviation 11.44	24.26 score on a scale Standard Deviation 10.89
Subjective Mental Fatigue VAS score at T2 in pre-test (mental fatigue condition)	47.69 score on a scale Standard Deviation 13.66	49.07 score on a scale Standard Deviation 16.06
Subjective Mental Fatigue VAS score at T3 in pre-test (mental fatigue condition)	57.12 score on a scale Standard Deviation 16.01	55.56 score on a scale Standard Deviation 22.67
Subjective Mental Fatigue VAS score at T1 in pre-test (control condition)	24.81 score on a scale Standard Deviation 13.38	21.30 score on a scale Standard Deviation 11.40
Subjective Mental Fatigue VAS score at T2 in pre-test (control condition)	36.92 score on a scale Standard Deviation 16.00	39.26 score on a scale Standard Deviation 11.49
Subjective Mental Fatigue VAS score at T3 in pre-test (control condition)	40.77 score on a scale Standard Deviation 16.89	40.19 score on a scale Standard Deviation 13.90
Subjective Mental Fatigue VAS score at T1 in post-test (mental fatigue condition)	22.38 score on a scale Standard Deviation 13.43	22.78 score on a scale Standard Deviation 11.06
Subjective Mental Fatigue VAS score at T2 in post-test (mental fatigue condition)	48.50 score on a scale Standard Deviation 13.79	50.52 score on a scale Standard Deviation 18.09
Subjective Mental Fatigue VAS score at T3 in post-test (mental fatigue condition)	50.77 score on a scale Standard Deviation 15.56	50.78 score on a scale Standard Deviation 18.27
Subjective Mental Fatigue VAS score at T1 in post-test (control condition)	21.08 score on a scale Standard Deviation 12.94	24.04 score on a scale Standard Deviation 15.63
Subjective Mental Fatigue VAS score at T2 in post-test (control condition)	36.69 score on a scale Standard Deviation 13.49	42.04 score on a scale Standard Deviation 14.27
Subjective Mental Fatigue VAS score at T3 in post-test (control condition)	35.08 score on a scale Standard Deviation 10.62	42.07 score on a scale Standard Deviation 12.43

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Post 30-minute mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)

Both at baseline and post-intervention, participants completed either a 30-min 100% incongruent version Stroop task (i.e., mental fatigue condition) or a 30-min 100% congruent version Stroop task (i.e., control condition). In the Stroop task, accuracy (ACC) was calculated as an index of objective mental fatigue. It is expressed as a percentage, determined by dividing the number of correct responses by the total number of responses.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Mindfulness Training Group n=26 Participants Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks. Mindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.	Waitlist Control Group n=27 Participants Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.
Objective Mental Fatigue The ACC of Stroop_Block 1 in pre-test (mental fatigue condition)	87.09 percentage Standard Deviation 9.82	88.11 percentage Standard Deviation 8.92
Objective Mental Fatigue The ACC of Stroop_Block 2 in pre-test (mental fatigue condition)	83.77 percentage Standard Deviation 1.43	85.27 percentage Standard Deviation 12.18
Objective Mental Fatigue The ACC of Stroop_Block 3 in pre-test (mental fatigue condition)	82.54 percentage Standard Deviation 13.80	86.36 percentage Standard Deviation 11.12
Objective Mental Fatigue The ACC of Stroop_Block 4 in pre-test (mental fatigue condition)	83.72 percentage Standard Deviation 13.30	85.36 percentage Standard Deviation 11.24
Objective Mental Fatigue The ACC of Stroop_Block 5 in pre-test (mental fatigue condition)	82.94 percentage Standard Deviation 16.29	82.63 percentage Standard Deviation 17.43
Objective Mental Fatigue The ACC of Stroop_Block 1 in pre-test (control condition)	91.65 percentage Standard Deviation 6.10	92.63 percentage Standard Deviation 5.83
Objective Mental Fatigue The ACC of Stroop_Block 2 in pre-test (control condition)	89.61 percentage Standard Deviation 8.53	91.52 percentage Standard Deviation 5.47
Objective Mental Fatigue The ACC of Stroop_Block 3 in pre-test (control condition)	86.92 percentage Standard Deviation 12.89	90.68 percentage Standard Deviation 7.03
Objective Mental Fatigue The ACC of Stroop_Block 4 in pre-test (control condition)	87.94 percentage Standard Deviation 8.77	88.96 percentage Standard Deviation 9.90
Objective Mental Fatigue The ACC of Stroop_Block 5 in pre-test (control condition)	86.70 percentage Standard Deviation 10.68	85.62 percentage Standard Deviation 11.96
Objective Mental Fatigue The ACC of Stroop_Block 1 in post-test (mental fatigue condition)	87.25 percentage Standard Deviation 8.13	87.77 percentage Standard Deviation 10.21
Objective Mental Fatigue The ACC of Stroop_Block 2 in post-test (mental fatigue condition)	84.69 percentage Standard Deviation 9.87	85.93 percentage Standard Deviation 9.81
Objective Mental Fatigue The ACC of Stroop_Block 3 in post-test (mental fatigue condition)	83.20 percentage Standard Deviation 11.14	84.73 percentage Standard Deviation 11.75
Objective Mental Fatigue The ACC of Stroop_Block 4 in post-test (mental fatigue condition)	83.70 percentage Standard Deviation 10.92	84.41 percentage Standard Deviation 10.04
Objective Mental Fatigue The ACC of Stroop_Block 5 in post-test (mental fatigue condition)	82.06 percentage Standard Deviation 13.29	84.24 percentage Standard Deviation 10.86
Objective Mental Fatigue The ACC of Stroop_Block 1 in post-test (control condition)	93.21 percentage Standard Deviation 5.47	94.35 percentage Standard Deviation 4.42
Objective Mental Fatigue The ACC of Stroop_Block 2 in post-test (control condition)	90.84 percentage Standard Deviation 7.28	91.59 percentage Standard Deviation 5.93
Objective Mental Fatigue The ACC of Stroop_Block 3 in post-test (control condition)	90.85 percentage Standard Deviation 6.14	91.97 percentage Standard Deviation 6.27
Objective Mental Fatigue The ACC of Stroop_Block 4 in post-test (control condition)	88.81 percentage Standard Deviation 7.19	90.08 percentage Standard Deviation 5.86
Objective Mental Fatigue The ACC of Stroop_Block 5 in post-test (control condition)	87.41 percentage Standard Deviation 8.48	88.68 percentage Standard Deviation 8.09

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline (pre-test) and 8 weeks (post-test)

The change in dispositional mindfulness was assessed using the 16-item (5-Likert scale) athlete mindfulness questionnaire (AMQ). The mean score range is between 1-5. Higher mean scores indicate a higher level of dispositional mindfulness.