Can Intensive Insulin Therapy Improve Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients

NCT ID: NCT05441631

Last Updated: 2024-08-01

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: PHASE1
• Total Enrollment: 436 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2020-04-01
• Study Completion Date: 2021-12-01

Brief Summary

Evaluation of the reciprocal relation between hyperglycemia/diabetes mellitus (HG/DM) and COVID-19 disease and the effect of mode of insulin therapy; intensive (IIT) or conventional (CIT) on patients' outcomes All patients admitted to the quarantine hospitals with mild-severe COVID disease were evaluated using the COVID-GRAM Critical Illness Risk Score and gave blood samples for estimation of random blood glucose. Diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients with persistent HG were randomly divided according to mode of IT. Patients who were free HG were included as control normoglycemic (NG) patients. Study outcomes included the incidence of progress to critical illness and mortality rate (MR), and the effect of IT on such outcomes

Detailed Description

All patients admitted to the quarantine department at Benha University hospital and quarantine hospitals all over the Qalyubia Governorate were eligible for evaluation for exclusion criteria. Taking on the precautions according to the instruction of the Ministry of Health on dealing with suspected or confirmed COVID patients and with the application of conditions of Infection Control Programs and considering the personal protective equipment, clinical, radiological, and laboratory evaluation were undertaken.

1. COVID-19 disease severity grading Patients were categorized according to the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and patients with pre-symptomatic infection or critical disease severity were excluded, while patients with mild-to-severe disease severity grade were enrolled in the study: Mild disease was defined as the presence of any of the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 without shortness of breath, dyspnea, or abnormal chest imaging. The moderate disease was determined by the presence of evidence of lower respiratory disease during clinical assessment or imaging, but oxygen saturation (SpO2) was ≥94% on room air at sea level. Patients were diagnosed as having the severe disease if SpO2 was <94% on room air at sea level, a ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) <300 mm Hg, respiratory frequency >30 breaths/min, or lung infiltrates >50% (10).

2. Diagnosis of hyperglycemia Stress hyperglycemia was defined according to the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Diabetes Association Consensus Statement on Inpatient Glycemic Control, as transient BG level at the time of admission >140 mg/dl that subsided on relief of stress and apprehension, but if BG persisted >140 mg/dl at 6-hr after admission it is persistent hyperglycemia and needs intervention (11). For diagnosis of hyperglycemia and determination of baseline BG level of diabetic patients blood samples were obtained at admission and 6-hr thereafter for non-diabetic and put in a tube containing sodium fluoride (2 mg sodium fluoride/ ml blood) to prevent glycolysis till estimation of BG levels using glucose oxidase method (12).

3. COVID-GRAM Critical Illness Risk Score At the time of admission, the risk for progression to critical COVID-19 illness was evaluated by one of the authors and the determined risk remained uncovered till the end of the study for comparative purposes. The risk of progression to critical illness depended on the three outcomes defined by Liang et al. (13) as admission to the ICU, need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), or death. The risk of progression to critical illness was determined qualitatively as low, medium, or high and quantitatively as risk percentage using the COVID-GRAM Critical Illness Risk (CG-CIR) Score that can be computed depending on clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings at the time of admission using an online calculator (14).

Patients' grouping

• Diabetic group: includes patients with definite DM and maintained on anti-diabetic therapy, either oral hypoglycemic or insulin therapy. Patients were divided according to the type of DM as T1D or T2D groups.
• Non-diabetic group: included patients who denied any history of DM or receiving antidiabetic therapy and were categorized as normoglycemic (NG) if their at admission random BG was <140 mg/dl or had stress hyperglycemia that disappeared at the 6-hr estimation of BG (NG Group), and hyperglycemic if their at admission BG level was >140 mg/dl and persisted at 6-hr estimation (HG Group).

Conditions

COVID-19; Dysglycemia

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: SINGLE

Study Groups

Intensive insulin therapy

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Insulin

Intervention Type: DRUG

• Preparation: 50 IU of rapidly acting insulin in 50 ml of 0.9% saline solution was delivered through a 50-ml syringe-driven pump.
• Monitoring: The insulin dose was adjusted to whole-blood glucose levels using glucometer every hour and insulin infusion was continued till BG level (Targeted level) was 80-110 mg, and then BG levels were estimated four-hourly
• Insulin dose was titrated according to the Leuven titration protocol (15)

Conventional insulin therapy

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Subcutaneous Insulin

Intervention Type: DRUG

• Insulin dose was titrated according to the Blood glucose level
• monitoring according to glucose in urine

Interventions

Insulin

• Preparation: 50 IU of rapidly acting insulin in 50 ml of 0.9% saline solution was delivered through a 50-ml syringe-driven pump.
• Monitoring: The insulin dose was adjusted to whole-blood glucose levels using glucometer every hour and insulin infusion was continued till BG level (Targeted level) was 80-110 mg, and then BG levels were estimated four-hourly
• Insulin dose was titrated according to the Leuven titration protocol (15)

Intervention Type: DRUG

Subcutaneous Insulin

• Insulin dose was titrated according to the Blood glucose level
• monitoring according to glucose in urine

Intervention Type: DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Diabetic
• Non-diabetic
• Confirmed COVID-19 disease both by PCR diagnosis of viral RNA and by CT diagnosis of COVID- associated pneumonia.

Exclusion Criteria

• Patients younger than 18 years,
• Patients admitted with critical illness requiring immediate admission to ICU,
• Patients deceased before evaluation,
• Patients who had autoimmune diseases or were maintained on immunosuppressive therapy,
• Patients with chronic medical diseases other than DM,
• Patients requiring surgical interference for emergency conditions, and
• Patients who had cancer or were maintained anticancer therapy were excluded from the study.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 20 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 65 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Benha University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Amr M. El Hammady

Assistant professor of Internal Medicine

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

Banha University

Banhā, El- Qalyobia, Egypt

Countries

Egypt

Other Identifiers

RC 1.6.2020

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id