Effect of Dairy Products on Insulin Resistance

NCT ID: NCT05421390

Last Updated: 2024-12-27

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

60 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2022-06-10

Study Completion Date

2024-10-18

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

The objective of the study is to determine the effect of dairy consumption on insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese adults with prediabetes. Men and women (30-65 y) will be recruited from the greater Montreal area. Upon screening, those with prediabetes will complete a 2-wk run-in period in which participants will consume 1 serving/d of reduced-fat dairy. Adherent participants will be randomized by sex into 1 of 3 groups: ≤1 serving/d of dairy (limited dairy) or 2-3 servings/d of reduced-fat or regular-fat dairy for 12 weeks. Participants will be instructed on how to incorporate foods into their diet in a manner that prevents changes in their body weight. The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp will be used before and after the intervention to document potential changes in insulin sensitivity as the primary outcome. In addition, glycemic variables, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors will be assessed as secondary outcomes. Serum lipidomic and global gene expression responses to the intervention in subcutaneous adipose tissue will be measured as exploratory variables. Adherence to intervention will be assessed at each visit by food diaries, a record of consumed dairy products, and serum proportion of 15:0, 17:0, and t16:1n7 fatty acids as objective biomarkers of dairy fat intake.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

The randomized controlled trial will be preceded by a 2-week run-in period in which participants will consume 1 serving/day of reduced-fat dairy. Following the run-in period, adherent participants will be randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups (n=20 per group) in a 1:1:1 allocation ratio. Stratified permuted block randomization will be used to ensure adequate balance among groups using a computer-generated list of random numbers. Due to the nature of the test products, participants cannot be blinded to the diet intervention. However, outcome assessors will be blinded to treatment allocation.

During the screening visit, and after obtaining informed consent, eight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, and pulse will be measured. Standard blood and urine tests, an OGTT, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, and a physical exam will be performed. In addition, volunteers will be interviewed regarding demographic information, medical and family history, dietary habits, and physical activity using questionnaires.

At the run-in visit, participants will retrieve their dairy products and a dietitian will instruct them on how to incorporate incorporating 1 serving of reduced-fat dairy products each day into their habitual diet. Participants will be asked to record their food intake for 3 consecutive days (including one weekend day). They will also receive an accelerometer and instructions for use on the same 3-days they record their food intake. Participants will maintain a daily record of consumed dairy products during the run-in periods and throughout the study.

At the baseline and 12-week intervention visits, participants will undergo a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to assess systemic insulin sensitivity. In addition, body composition will be measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry. A biopsy of subcutaneous adipose tissue from the thigh will be taken at fasting.

During the 12-week intervention, participants in the limited dairy group will be instructed to limit their intake of dairy products to ≤1 serving/d of dairy. Participants in the 2-3 dairy servings of reduced or regular fat dairy groups will be provided with the study products. Serving sizes will be 250 mL milk, 175 g yogurt, and 50 g cheese. The dietitian will instruct participants individually on how to incorporate the dairy products into their habitual diets by reducing the intake of other foods of equivalent caloric content and complementary nutrient density, to maintain stable body weight. No additional dietary changes will be recommended.

At the monthly follow-up visits, weight, blood pressure, and pulse will be measured. In addition, participants will complete questionnaires about their health and physical activity. At each visit, they will be asked to track their food intake for 3 consecutive days (including one weekend day) using a mobile application on their smartphone or, if not possible, in written food diaries. Additionally, a blood sample will be collected to measure fatty acid biomarkers of dairy intake. On the second monthly visit, they will also receive an accelerometer and instructions for use on the same 3-days they record their food intake for the 12-week visit.

At the final follow-up visit, participants' weight, blood pressure, and pulse will be measured, and they will complete questionnaires regarding their health and activity. They will undergo an oral glucose tolerance test, as well as blood and urine tests, as described for the first visit.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Insulin Sensitivity Glucose Intolerance PreDiabetes

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

≤1 dairy serving/day

Limited dairy intake

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

2-3 servings/day reduced-fat

2-3 servings/day of skim milk, fat-free yogurt, and low-fat cheese

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Reduced fat dairy

Intervention Type OTHER

Serving sizes will be: 250 mL milk, 175 g yogurt, and 50 g cheese. Skim milk, fat-free yogurt, and ≤22 % fat cheese

2-3 servings/day regular-fat

2-3 servings/day of regular-fat milk, yogurt, and cheese

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Regular fat dairy

Intervention Type OTHER

Serving sizes will be: 250 mL milk, 175 g yogurt, and 50 g cheese. 3.25% fat milk, ≥2% fat yogurt, and ≥28% fat cheese

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Reduced fat dairy

Serving sizes will be: 250 mL milk, 175 g yogurt, and 50 g cheese. Skim milk, fat-free yogurt, and ≤22 % fat cheese

Intervention Type OTHER

Regular fat dairy

Serving sizes will be: 250 mL milk, 175 g yogurt, and 50 g cheese. 3.25% fat milk, ≥2% fat yogurt, and ≥28% fat cheese

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* Aged between 30 and 65 years,
* Able to provide informed consent,
* Stable weight and dietary habits over a period of 3 months,
* Body mass index of 25-40 kg/m2,
* Waist circumference ≥94 cm for men, ≥80 cm for women,
* One or more indicators of prediabetes:

1. 5.7-6.4% HbA1c
2. fasting 5.6-6.9 mmol/L glucose, or
3. 7.8-11.0 mmol/L glucose at 2-h OGTT

Exclusion Criteria

* Current smokers,
* Pregnant or planning to become pregnant in the next 6 months,
* Breastfeeding,
* Participation in a weight loss program in the past 3 months,
* Dairy allergy or lactose intolerance,
* Any diagnosed eating disorders,
* Substance abuse (drugs or alcohol \>3 drinks/day),
* Diagnosed medical conditions such as cardiovascular disease, anemia, kidney disease, liver disease and any cancer, other than skin, within 5 years.
* Diabetes diagnosis,
* Abnormal electrocardiogram or chest X-Ray,
* Treatment with diuretics, certain β-blockers, bronchodilators, daily nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents (except prophylactic aspirin 81 mg/d), antianginals, antiarrhythmics, oral steroids, or other medications known to affect glucose metabolism,
* Refusal to temporarily stop taking supplements (vitamin D, calcium, multivitamins, herbal remedies),
* Serum creatinine \> 120 µmol/L,
* Hemoglobin \< 120 g/L,
* Liver function tests ≥ 2× upper limit,
* Positive viral serology,
* Inaccessible veins.
Minimum Eligible Age

30 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

Dairy Farmers of Canada

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Sergio Burgos

Associate Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Sergio A Burgos, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

RI-MUHC

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

RI-MUHC

Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Site Status

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

Canada

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

2022-7468

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id