Evaluating Smoking Cessation Interventions for PWH in South Africa

NCT ID: NCT05413122

Last Updated: 2025-06-27

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

PHASE2/PHASE3

Total Enrollment

660 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-11-27

Study Completion Date

2027-08-31

Brief Summary

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The overall objective of the study is to optimize a smoking cessation treatment package for people with HIV (PWH) that can be integrated into existing HIV care in South Africa.

Detailed Description

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This project will evaluate the main and interaction effects of four evidence-based smoking cessation components integrated within HIV care in South Africa: (1) intensive behavioural counselling, (2) peer support, (3) combination nicotine replacement therapy (c-NRT), and (4) varenicline. The investigators will also evaluate the implementation and cost-effectiveness of these interventions. This study is a balanced full factorial randomised trial of 660 adults with HIV and will be implemented in two diverse sites in Gauteng, South Africa representing both peri-urban and urban settings.

Participants will be recruited via health care worker-referral or self-referral. Interested patients will be further screened for eligibility. Eligible participants will be administered written informed consent (see "Informed Consent and Assent" section below), and participants will be randomized into one of 16 study conditions for a 12-week intervention period. This will be an open-label trial; neither the participants nor study personnel will be blinded to treatment assignment post randomization, but randomization block assignment will be concealed from the study personnel who will be enrolling participants.

Conditions

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Smoking Cessation HIV Comorbidities and Coexisting Conditions

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

FACTORIAL

The investigators will conduct a 4-factor, balanced full factorial randomized controlled trial to evaluate the main and interaction effects of these 2-level interventions in one peri-urban and one urban setting in South Africa. The investigators will randomize adults with HIV who are current smokers into 1 of 16 possible combinations of the four intervention components.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

This will be an open-label trial; neither the participants nor study personnel will be blinded to treatment assignment post randomization, but randomization block assignment will be concealed from the study personnel who will be enrolling participants.

Study Groups

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Intensive Behavioral Counseling & Peer Support & c-NRT & Varenicline

Intensive Behavioral Counseling \& Peer Support \& c-NRT \& Varenicline

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Varenicline

Intervention Type DRUG

At enrolment, a 12-week course of varenicline in the commercially available package will be dispensed by a study clinician.

Nicotine patch

Intervention Type DRUG

A 12-week course of nicotine patches and nicotine gum will be dispensed to the participant by the counsellor according to randomization into the c-NRT condition. c-NRT will be provided per label instructions given number of cigarettes the participant smokes per day and will be provided in the commercially available package.

Nicotine gum

Intervention Type DRUG

A 12-week course of nicotine patches and nicotine gum will be dispensed to the participant by the counsellor according to randomization into the c-NRT condition. c-NRT will be provided per label instructions given number of cigarettes the participant smokes per day and will be provided in the commercially available package.

Intensive Behavioral Counselling

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to the Intensive Behavioural Counselling condition will receive in-person intensive (\~45 minutes) behavioural counselling in the clinic at screening and at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. Additionally, on non-clinic visit weeks participants will receive (1) one phone call each week from the clinic counsellor, and (2) two text messages each week providing encouragement and advice.

Peer Counselling

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to the Peer Support condition will be engaged by a peer counsellor over weeks -2 to 12. Peer counselling will follow a flexible framework for contact with participants, which will include in-person and phone-based check-ins, depending upon individual participant preference. Peer counsellors will visit the counsellors' assigned participant in-person at participants' home, workplace, or other setting based on participant preference at least during weeks -2, 2, 4, 8 and 12; additional in-person contact will be provided upon participant request.

Intensive Behavioral Counselling

Participants randomized to the Intensive Behavioural Counselling condition will receive in-person intensive (\~45 minutes) behavioural counselling in the clinic at screening and at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. Additionally, on non-clinic visit weeks participants will receive (1) one phone call each week from the clinic counsellor, and (2) two text messages each week providing encouragement and advice. \].

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Intensive Behavioral Counselling

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to the Intensive Behavioural Counselling condition will receive in-person intensive (\~45 minutes) behavioural counselling in the clinic at screening and at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. Additionally, on non-clinic visit weeks participants will receive (1) one phone call each week from the clinic counsellor, and (2) two text messages each week providing encouragement and advice.

Peer Support

Participants randomized to receive Peer Support will be engaged by participants' own peer counsellor over weeks -2 to 12. Peer counselling will follow a flexible framework for contact with participants, which will include in-person and phone-based check-ins, depending upon individual participant preference. Peer counsellors will visit the counsellors' assigned participant in-person at participants' home, workplace, or other setting based on participant preference at least during weeks -2, 2, 4, 8 and 12; additional in-person contact will be provided upon participant request.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Peer Counselling

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to the Peer Support condition will be engaged by a peer counsellor over weeks -2 to 12. Peer counselling will follow a flexible framework for contact with participants, which will include in-person and phone-based check-ins, depending upon individual participant preference. Peer counsellors will visit the counsellors' assigned participant in-person at participants' home, workplace, or other setting based on participant preference at least during weeks -2, 2, 4, 8 and 12; additional in-person contact will be provided upon participant request.

c-NRT

A 12-week course of nicotine patches and nicotine gum will be dispensed to the participant by the counsellor according to randomization into the c-NRT condition. c-NRT will be provided per label instructions given number of cigarettes the participant smokes per day and will be provided in the commercially available package. Participants will be provided with education on its use, including where and how to place a patch, strength of patches to use and how to taper, not smoking while using the patch, and using gum ad hoc; the investigators will also discuss possible side effects. Participants will be given a number to call should the participants require assistance, and weekly calls will be made to participants to screen for adverse events and monitor adherence; calls will taper to every other week after four weeks.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Nicotine patch

Intervention Type DRUG

A 12-week course of nicotine patches and nicotine gum will be dispensed to the participant by the counsellor according to randomization into the c-NRT condition. c-NRT will be provided per label instructions given number of cigarettes the participant smokes per day and will be provided in the commercially available package.

Nicotine gum

Intervention Type DRUG

A 12-week course of nicotine patches and nicotine gum will be dispensed to the participant by the counsellor according to randomization into the c-NRT condition. c-NRT will be provided per label instructions given number of cigarettes the participant smokes per day and will be provided in the commercially available package.

Varenicline

At enrolment, a 12-week course of varenicline in the commercially available package will be dispensed by a study clinician according to randomization into the varenicline condition and participants will be provided with education on its use. Participants will be instructed to begin taking varenicline one week prior to participants' quit date and for 11 weeks following quit date. Participants will be given a number to call should the participants require assistance, and weekly calls will be made to participants to screen for adverse events and to monitor adherence; calls will taper to every other week after four weeks.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Varenicline

Intervention Type DRUG

At enrolment, a 12-week course of varenicline in the commercially available package will be dispensed by a study clinician.

Control

No intervention

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Varenicline & c-NRT

Varenicline \& c-NRT

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Varenicline

Intervention Type DRUG

At enrolment, a 12-week course of varenicline in the commercially available package will be dispensed by a study clinician.

Nicotine patch

Intervention Type DRUG

A 12-week course of nicotine patches and nicotine gum will be dispensed to the participant by the counsellor according to randomization into the c-NRT condition. c-NRT will be provided per label instructions given number of cigarettes the participant smokes per day and will be provided in the commercially available package.

Nicotine gum

Intervention Type DRUG

A 12-week course of nicotine patches and nicotine gum will be dispensed to the participant by the counsellor according to randomization into the c-NRT condition. c-NRT will be provided per label instructions given number of cigarettes the participant smokes per day and will be provided in the commercially available package.

Peer Support & Varenicline

Peer Support \& Varenicline

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Varenicline

Intervention Type DRUG

At enrolment, a 12-week course of varenicline in the commercially available package will be dispensed by a study clinician.

Peer Counselling

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to the Peer Support condition will be engaged by a peer counsellor over weeks -2 to 12. Peer counselling will follow a flexible framework for contact with participants, which will include in-person and phone-based check-ins, depending upon individual participant preference. Peer counsellors will visit the counsellors' assigned participant in-person at participants' home, workplace, or other setting based on participant preference at least during weeks -2, 2, 4, 8 and 12; additional in-person contact will be provided upon participant request.

c-NRT & Peer Support

c-NRT \& Peer Support

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Nicotine patch

Intervention Type DRUG

A 12-week course of nicotine patches and nicotine gum will be dispensed to the participant by the counsellor according to randomization into the c-NRT condition. c-NRT will be provided per label instructions given number of cigarettes the participant smokes per day and will be provided in the commercially available package.

Nicotine gum

Intervention Type DRUG

A 12-week course of nicotine patches and nicotine gum will be dispensed to the participant by the counsellor according to randomization into the c-NRT condition. c-NRT will be provided per label instructions given number of cigarettes the participant smokes per day and will be provided in the commercially available package.

Peer Counselling

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to the Peer Support condition will be engaged by a peer counsellor over weeks -2 to 12. Peer counselling will follow a flexible framework for contact with participants, which will include in-person and phone-based check-ins, depending upon individual participant preference. Peer counsellors will visit the counsellors' assigned participant in-person at participants' home, workplace, or other setting based on participant preference at least during weeks -2, 2, 4, 8 and 12; additional in-person contact will be provided upon participant request.

c-NRT & Peer Support & Varenicline

c-NRT \& Peer Support \& Varenicline

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Varenicline

Intervention Type DRUG

At enrolment, a 12-week course of varenicline in the commercially available package will be dispensed by a study clinician.

Nicotine patch

Intervention Type DRUG

A 12-week course of nicotine patches and nicotine gum will be dispensed to the participant by the counsellor according to randomization into the c-NRT condition. c-NRT will be provided per label instructions given number of cigarettes the participant smokes per day and will be provided in the commercially available package.

Nicotine gum

Intervention Type DRUG

A 12-week course of nicotine patches and nicotine gum will be dispensed to the participant by the counsellor according to randomization into the c-NRT condition. c-NRT will be provided per label instructions given number of cigarettes the participant smokes per day and will be provided in the commercially available package.

Peer Counselling

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to the Peer Support condition will be engaged by a peer counsellor over weeks -2 to 12. Peer counselling will follow a flexible framework for contact with participants, which will include in-person and phone-based check-ins, depending upon individual participant preference. Peer counsellors will visit the counsellors' assigned participant in-person at participants' home, workplace, or other setting based on participant preference at least during weeks -2, 2, 4, 8 and 12; additional in-person contact will be provided upon participant request.

Intensive Behavioral Counseling & Varenicline

Intensive Behavioral Counseling \& Varenicline

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Varenicline

Intervention Type DRUG

At enrolment, a 12-week course of varenicline in the commercially available package will be dispensed by a study clinician.

Intensive Behavioral Counselling

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to the Intensive Behavioural Counselling condition will receive in-person intensive (\~45 minutes) behavioural counselling in the clinic at screening and at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. Additionally, on non-clinic visit weeks participants will receive (1) one phone call each week from the clinic counsellor, and (2) two text messages each week providing encouragement and advice.

Intensive Behavioral Counseling & c-NRT

Intensive Behavioral Counseling \& c-NRT

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Nicotine patch

Intervention Type DRUG

A 12-week course of nicotine patches and nicotine gum will be dispensed to the participant by the counsellor according to randomization into the c-NRT condition. c-NRT will be provided per label instructions given number of cigarettes the participant smokes per day and will be provided in the commercially available package.

Nicotine gum

Intervention Type DRUG

A 12-week course of nicotine patches and nicotine gum will be dispensed to the participant by the counsellor according to randomization into the c-NRT condition. c-NRT will be provided per label instructions given number of cigarettes the participant smokes per day and will be provided in the commercially available package.

Intensive Behavioral Counselling

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to the Intensive Behavioural Counselling condition will receive in-person intensive (\~45 minutes) behavioural counselling in the clinic at screening and at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. Additionally, on non-clinic visit weeks participants will receive (1) one phone call each week from the clinic counsellor, and (2) two text messages each week providing encouragement and advice.

Intensive Behavioral Counseling & Varenicline & c-NRT

Intensive Behavioral Counseling \& Varenicline \& c-NRT

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Varenicline

Intervention Type DRUG

At enrolment, a 12-week course of varenicline in the commercially available package will be dispensed by a study clinician.

Nicotine patch

Intervention Type DRUG

A 12-week course of nicotine patches and nicotine gum will be dispensed to the participant by the counsellor according to randomization into the c-NRT condition. c-NRT will be provided per label instructions given number of cigarettes the participant smokes per day and will be provided in the commercially available package.

Nicotine gum

Intervention Type DRUG

A 12-week course of nicotine patches and nicotine gum will be dispensed to the participant by the counsellor according to randomization into the c-NRT condition. c-NRT will be provided per label instructions given number of cigarettes the participant smokes per day and will be provided in the commercially available package.

Intensive Behavioral Counselling

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to the Intensive Behavioural Counselling condition will receive in-person intensive (\~45 minutes) behavioural counselling in the clinic at screening and at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. Additionally, on non-clinic visit weeks participants will receive (1) one phone call each week from the clinic counsellor, and (2) two text messages each week providing encouragement and advice.

Intensive Behavioral Counseling & Peer Support

Intensive Behavioral Counseling \& Peer Support

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Intensive Behavioral Counselling

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to the Intensive Behavioural Counselling condition will receive in-person intensive (\~45 minutes) behavioural counselling in the clinic at screening and at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. Additionally, on non-clinic visit weeks participants will receive (1) one phone call each week from the clinic counsellor, and (2) two text messages each week providing encouragement and advice.

Peer Counselling

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to the Peer Support condition will be engaged by a peer counsellor over weeks -2 to 12. Peer counselling will follow a flexible framework for contact with participants, which will include in-person and phone-based check-ins, depending upon individual participant preference. Peer counsellors will visit the counsellors' assigned participant in-person at participants' home, workplace, or other setting based on participant preference at least during weeks -2, 2, 4, 8 and 12; additional in-person contact will be provided upon participant request.

Intensive Behavioral Counseling & Peer Support & Varenicline

Intensive Behavioral Counseling \& Peer Support \& Varenicline

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Varenicline

Intervention Type DRUG

At enrolment, a 12-week course of varenicline in the commercially available package will be dispensed by a study clinician.

Intensive Behavioral Counselling

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to the Intensive Behavioural Counselling condition will receive in-person intensive (\~45 minutes) behavioural counselling in the clinic at screening and at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. Additionally, on non-clinic visit weeks participants will receive (1) one phone call each week from the clinic counsellor, and (2) two text messages each week providing encouragement and advice.

Peer Counselling

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to the Peer Support condition will be engaged by a peer counsellor over weeks -2 to 12. Peer counselling will follow a flexible framework for contact with participants, which will include in-person and phone-based check-ins, depending upon individual participant preference. Peer counsellors will visit the counsellors' assigned participant in-person at participants' home, workplace, or other setting based on participant preference at least during weeks -2, 2, 4, 8 and 12; additional in-person contact will be provided upon participant request.

Intensive Behavioral Counseling & Peer Support & c-NRT

Intensive Behavioral Counseling \& Peer Support \& c-NRT

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Nicotine patch

Intervention Type DRUG

A 12-week course of nicotine patches and nicotine gum will be dispensed to the participant by the counsellor according to randomization into the c-NRT condition. c-NRT will be provided per label instructions given number of cigarettes the participant smokes per day and will be provided in the commercially available package.

Nicotine gum

Intervention Type DRUG

A 12-week course of nicotine patches and nicotine gum will be dispensed to the participant by the counsellor according to randomization into the c-NRT condition. c-NRT will be provided per label instructions given number of cigarettes the participant smokes per day and will be provided in the commercially available package.

Intensive Behavioral Counselling

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to the Intensive Behavioural Counselling condition will receive in-person intensive (\~45 minutes) behavioural counselling in the clinic at screening and at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. Additionally, on non-clinic visit weeks participants will receive (1) one phone call each week from the clinic counsellor, and (2) two text messages each week providing encouragement and advice.

Peer Counselling

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to the Peer Support condition will be engaged by a peer counsellor over weeks -2 to 12. Peer counselling will follow a flexible framework for contact with participants, which will include in-person and phone-based check-ins, depending upon individual participant preference. Peer counsellors will visit the counsellors' assigned participant in-person at participants' home, workplace, or other setting based on participant preference at least during weeks -2, 2, 4, 8 and 12; additional in-person contact will be provided upon participant request.

Interventions

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Varenicline

At enrolment, a 12-week course of varenicline in the commercially available package will be dispensed by a study clinician.

Intervention Type DRUG

Nicotine patch

A 12-week course of nicotine patches and nicotine gum will be dispensed to the participant by the counsellor according to randomization into the c-NRT condition. c-NRT will be provided per label instructions given number of cigarettes the participant smokes per day and will be provided in the commercially available package.

Intervention Type DRUG

Nicotine gum

A 12-week course of nicotine patches and nicotine gum will be dispensed to the participant by the counsellor according to randomization into the c-NRT condition. c-NRT will be provided per label instructions given number of cigarettes the participant smokes per day and will be provided in the commercially available package.

Intervention Type DRUG

Intensive Behavioral Counselling

Participants randomized to the Intensive Behavioural Counselling condition will receive in-person intensive (\~45 minutes) behavioural counselling in the clinic at screening and at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. Additionally, on non-clinic visit weeks participants will receive (1) one phone call each week from the clinic counsellor, and (2) two text messages each week providing encouragement and advice.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Peer Counselling

Participants randomized to the Peer Support condition will be engaged by a peer counsellor over weeks -2 to 12. Peer counselling will follow a flexible framework for contact with participants, which will include in-person and phone-based check-ins, depending upon individual participant preference. Peer counsellors will visit the counsellors' assigned participant in-person at participants' home, workplace, or other setting based on participant preference at least during weeks -2, 2, 4, 8 and 12; additional in-person contact will be provided upon participant request.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Other Intervention Names

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combination nicotine replacement therapy nicotine replacement Peer Support

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. ≥18 years of age, and
2. attend one of the selected study clinics, and
3. have a confirmed diagnosis of HIV (evidenced by one of: clinic or hospital prescription for combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), or a current ART medication pack that has the patient's name documented thereon) and
4. have been taking ART for at least three consecutive months (to ensure engagement in care at the recruitment clinic), and
5. are current tobacco smokers (smoked at least 100 cigarettes in the subject's lifetime, have smoked daily for the past 30 days, have exhaled breath carbon monoxide (CO) ≥ 7 parts per million (ppm), and have a positive urine cotinine test), and
6. either own or have household access to a mobile phone, and
7. provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Currently (within the previous 14 days) receiving or using smoking cessation counselling or pharmacotherapy, or
2. are unable to participate due to severity of medical illness, guided by a Karnofsky score of ≤ 40, or
3. have a history of seizures, cancer, heart disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, stomach ulcers, kidney failure, or liver failure, or
4. have generalized eczema or psoriasis, or
5. have cognitive dysfunction or psychosis as defined by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.), or
6. have suicide risk as defined by the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), or
7. are pregnant, planning to become pregnant in the next four months, lactating, or are unwilling to use effective birth control, or
8. have a history of adverse reactions to varenicline or nicotine patch, or
9. are not planning to continue to receive care at the clinic for the next 52 weeks.
10. In the opinion of the attending investigator are not a candidate for the clinical trail.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Colorado State University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

New York University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Perinatal HIV Research Unit of the University of the Witswatersrand

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

Johns Hopkins University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Neil Martison

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU)

Jonathan E Golub, PhD MPH

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Johns Hopkins University

Locations

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Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU)

Soweto, Gauteng, South Africa

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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South Africa

Central Contacts

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Jonathan E Golub, PhD MPH

Role: CONTACT

443-287-2969

Laura Steiner, MSc

Role: CONTACT

410-424-8445

Facility Contacts

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Neil Martinson, MD PHD

Role: primary

+27 11 989 9836

Leisha Genade, MPH

Role: backup

27 11 989 9714

References

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Genade LP, Steiner L, Nabeemeeah F, Niaura RS, Nonyane BAS, Hoffmann CJ, Sohn H, Kemp CG, Guastaferro K, Mlambo L, Chetty D, Waja Z, Martinson N, Golub JE, Elf JL. Evaluating smoking cessation interventions for people living with HIV in a factorial randomised clinical trial in South Africa using the Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) framework: The Tlogela Trial protocol. Contemp Clin Trials. 2025 Aug;155:107985. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2025.107985. Epub 2025 Jun 19.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 40543725 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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1U01CA261626-01

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

IRB00335707

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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