Trial Outcomes & Findings for Daily Habits & Consumer Preferences Study (NCT NCT05402137)

NCT ID: NCT05402137

Last Updated: 2026-01-20

Results Overview

Hyperpalatable food intake will initially be measured in grams and then converted into kilocalories. The food will consist of the following items: chocolate chip cookies, M\&Ms, potato chips, and Sprite. These foods were chosen because processed foods, added sugars, refined grains, starchy vegetables, and sugar sweetened beverages are foods to avoid according to the 2019 American Diabetes Association Nutrition Consensus Report and are high in carbohydrates and glycemic index.

• Recruitment status: COMPLETED
• Study phase: NA
• Target enrollment: 330 participants
• Primary outcome timeframe: Hyperpalatable food intake will be measured directly after the intervention, on average 10 minutes later.
• Results posted on: 2026-01-20

Participant Flow

Recruitment strategies included online postings (e.g., Facebook), physical flyers around the surrounding community, listings on clinicaltrials.gov, clinicaltrials.ucla.edu, and other study recruitment portals such as researchmatch.com, and the psychology subject pools for our university, as well churches and beauty salons/barber shops, and recruitment at community centers and events. Recruitment took place from April 2022 to July 2024.

We excluded participants who did not meet all of our inclusion criteria: a BMI of greater >= 28; English-speaking; no diagnosis of major mental disorders including any eating disorder, mood disorder, schizophrenia, or PTSD within past year; no diagnosis of major physical conditions that limit physical movement within past; no recent diagnosis of a sleep disorder within past year; and no allergy to any of the foods in the food buffet. Four participants dropped out prior to manipulation.

Participant milestones

Measure	Control Group At visit one, participants completed a baseline questionnaire-which included all resilience measures-and received training in how to use the ActivPAL4, Actiwatch-2, and ASA24 to track their physical activity, sleep, and eating behavior, respectively. Then, participants wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, while they used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior. We chose an assessment period of three days in order to balance reliable measurement of health behaviors with feasibly capturing the effects of our manipulation. Each morning after having worn the Actiwatch-2, participants completed the questionnaire assessing self-reported measures of the past night's sleep. At visit two, participants completed the control condition, followed by the objective eating behavior task. Following this, participants again wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior, and completed the sleep questionnaire. Lastly, participants were debriefed at visit three upon completion of the 72-hour tracking period to return their devices.	Experimental Group At visit one, participants completed a baseline questionnaire-which included all resilience measures-and received training in how to use the ActivPAL4, Actiwatch-2, and ASA24 to track their physical activity, sleep, and eating behavior, respectively. Then, participants wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, while they used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior. We chose an assessment period of three days in order to balance reliable measurement of health behaviors with feasibly capturing the effects of our manipulation. Each morning after having worn the Actiwatch-2, participants completed the questionnaire assessing self-reported measures of the past night's sleep. At visit two, participants completed the weight stigma manipulation, followed by the objective eating behavior task. Following this, participants again wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior, and completed the sleep questionnaire. Lastly, participants were debriefed at visit three upon completion of the 72-hour tracking period to return their devices.
Overall Study STARTED	165	165
Overall Study COMPLETED	123	125
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	42	40

Reasons for withdrawal

Measure	Control Group At visit one, participants completed a baseline questionnaire-which included all resilience measures-and received training in how to use the ActivPAL4, Actiwatch-2, and ASA24 to track their physical activity, sleep, and eating behavior, respectively. Then, participants wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, while they used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior. We chose an assessment period of three days in order to balance reliable measurement of health behaviors with feasibly capturing the effects of our manipulation. Each morning after having worn the Actiwatch-2, participants completed the questionnaire assessing self-reported measures of the past night's sleep. At visit two, participants completed the control condition, followed by the objective eating behavior task. Following this, participants again wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior, and completed the sleep questionnaire. Lastly, participants were debriefed at visit three upon completion of the 72-hour tracking period to return their devices.	Experimental Group At visit one, participants completed a baseline questionnaire-which included all resilience measures-and received training in how to use the ActivPAL4, Actiwatch-2, and ASA24 to track their physical activity, sleep, and eating behavior, respectively. Then, participants wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, while they used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior. We chose an assessment period of three days in order to balance reliable measurement of health behaviors with feasibly capturing the effects of our manipulation. Each morning after having worn the Actiwatch-2, participants completed the questionnaire assessing self-reported measures of the past night's sleep. At visit two, participants completed the weight stigma manipulation, followed by the objective eating behavior task. Following this, participants again wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior, and completed the sleep questionnaire. Lastly, participants were debriefed at visit three upon completion of the 72-hour tracking period to return their devices.
Overall Study Lost to Follow-up	42	40

Baseline Characteristics

Daily Habits & Consumer Preferences Study

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Measure	Control Group n=123 Participants At visit one, participants completed a baseline questionnaire-which included all resilience measures-and received training in how to use the ActivPAL4, Actiwatch-2, and ASA24 to track their physical activity, sleep, and eating behavior, respectively. Then, participants wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, while they used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior. We chose an assessment period of three days in order to balance reliable measurement of health behaviors with feasibly capturing the effects of our manipulation. Each morning after having worn the Actiwatch-2, participants completed the questionnaire assessing self-reported measures of the past night's sleep. At visit two, participants completed the control condition, followed by the objective eating behavior task. Following this, participants again wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior, and completed the sleep questionnaire. Lastly, participants were debriefed at visit three upon completion of the 72-hour tracking period to return their devices.	Experimental Group n=125 Participants At visit one, participants completed a baseline questionnaire-which included all resilience measures-and received training in how to use the ActivPAL4, Actiwatch-2, and ASA24 to track their physical activity, sleep, and eating behavior, respectively. Then, participants wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, while they used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior. We chose an assessment period of three days in order to balance reliable measurement of health behaviors with feasibly capturing the effects of our manipulation. Each morning after having worn the Actiwatch-2, participants completed the questionnaire assessing self-reported measures of the past night's sleep. At visit two, participants completed the weight stigma manipulation, followed by the objective eating behavior task. Following this, participants again wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior, and completed the sleep questionnaire. Lastly, participants were debriefed at visit three upon completion of the 72-hour tracking period to return their devices.	Total n=248 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous	35.89 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.01 • n=37 Participants	37.58 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 16.13 • n=44 Participants	36.74 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.58 • n=40 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized Men	61 Participants n=37 Participants	57 Participants n=44 Participants	118 Participants n=40 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized Women	62 Participants n=37 Participants	67 Participants n=44 Participants	129 Participants n=40 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized Non-binary	0 Participants n=37 Participants	1 Participants n=44 Participants	1 Participants n=40 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Black / African American	10 Participants n=37 Participants	10 Participants n=44 Participants	20 Participants n=40 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Asian / Asian American	16 Participants n=37 Participants	22 Participants n=44 Participants	38 Participants n=40 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Latinx / Hispanic / Latin American	48 Participants n=37 Participants	52 Participants n=44 Participants	100 Participants n=40 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized White	25 Participants n=37 Participants	24 Participants n=44 Participants	49 Participants n=40 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander	1 Participants n=37 Participants	0 Participants n=44 Participants	1 Participants n=40 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Middle Eastern / Middle Eastern American	3 Participants n=37 Participants	2 Participants n=44 Participants	5 Participants n=40 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Biracial / Multiracial	16 Participants n=37 Participants	13 Participants n=44 Participants	29 Participants n=40 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Other Race	4 Participants n=37 Participants	2 Participants n=44 Participants	6 Participants n=40 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Hyperpalatable food intake will be measured directly after the intervention, on average 10 minutes later.

Hyperpalatable food intake will initially be measured in grams and then converted into kilocalories. The food will consist of the following items: chocolate chip cookies, M&Ms, potato chips, and Sprite. These foods were chosen because processed foods, added sugars, refined grains, starchy vegetables, and sugar sweetened beverages are foods to avoid according to the 2019 American Diabetes Association Nutrition Consensus Report and are high in carbohydrates and glycemic index.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=123 Participants At visit one, participants completed a baseline questionnaire-which included all resilience measures-and received training in how to use the ActivPAL4, Actiwatch-2, and ASA24 to track their physical activity, sleep, and eating behavior, respectively. Then, participants wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, while they used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior. We chose an assessment period of three days in order to balance reliable measurement of health behaviors with feasibly capturing the effects of our manipulation. Each morning after having worn the Actiwatch-2, participants completed the questionnaire assessing self-reported measures of the past night's sleep. At visit two, participants completed the control condition, followed by the objective eating behavior task. Following this, participants again wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior, and completed the sleep questionnaire. Lastly, participants were debriefed at visit three upon completion of the 72-hour tracking period to return their devices.	Experimental Group n=125 Participants At visit one, participants completed a baseline questionnaire-which included all resilience measures-and received training in how to use the ActivPAL4, Actiwatch-2, and ASA24 to track their physical activity, sleep, and eating behavior, respectively. Then, participants wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, while they used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior. We chose an assessment period of three days in order to balance reliable measurement of health behaviors with feasibly capturing the effects of our manipulation. Each morning after having worn the Actiwatch-2, participants completed the questionnaire assessing self-reported measures of the past night's sleep. At visit two, participants completed the weight stigma manipulation, followed by the objective eating behavior task. Following this, participants again wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior, and completed the sleep questionnaire. Lastly, participants were debriefed at visit three upon completion of the 72-hour tracking period to return their devices.
Hyperpalatable Food Intake	325.95 kilocalories Standard Deviation 261.24	262.51 kilocalories Standard Deviation 224.09

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Change in self-reported dietary intake will be assessed by measuring self-reported dietary intake 72 hours before the intervention as part of the baseline, and 72 hours after the intervention.

Dietary intake data for food recalls will be collected and analyzed using the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour (ASA24) Dietary Assessment Tool developed by the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. The primary eating outcome for the food diaries will be kilocalories.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=123 Participants At visit one, participants completed a baseline questionnaire-which included all resilience measures-and received training in how to use the ActivPAL4, Actiwatch-2, and ASA24 to track their physical activity, sleep, and eating behavior, respectively. Then, participants wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, while they used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior. We chose an assessment period of three days in order to balance reliable measurement of health behaviors with feasibly capturing the effects of our manipulation. Each morning after having worn the Actiwatch-2, participants completed the questionnaire assessing self-reported measures of the past night's sleep. At visit two, participants completed the control condition, followed by the objective eating behavior task. Following this, participants again wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior, and completed the sleep questionnaire. Lastly, participants were debriefed at visit three upon completion of the 72-hour tracking period to return their devices.	Experimental Group n=125 Participants At visit one, participants completed a baseline questionnaire-which included all resilience measures-and received training in how to use the ActivPAL4, Actiwatch-2, and ASA24 to track their physical activity, sleep, and eating behavior, respectively. Then, participants wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, while they used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior. We chose an assessment period of three days in order to balance reliable measurement of health behaviors with feasibly capturing the effects of our manipulation. Each morning after having worn the Actiwatch-2, participants completed the questionnaire assessing self-reported measures of the past night's sleep. At visit two, participants completed the weight stigma manipulation, followed by the objective eating behavior task. Following this, participants again wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior, and completed the sleep questionnaire. Lastly, participants were debriefed at visit three upon completion of the 72-hour tracking period to return their devices.
Change in Self-reported Dietary Intake	100.32 kilocalories Standard Deviation 911.66	65.20 kilocalories Standard Deviation 916.82

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Change in physical activity will be assessed by measuring physical activity for 72 hours before the intervention as part of the baseline, and 72 hours after the intervention.

Physical activity, quantified as Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) units, will be assessed using ActivPAL4 actigraphs.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=123 Participants At visit one, participants completed a baseline questionnaire-which included all resilience measures-and received training in how to use the ActivPAL4, Actiwatch-2, and ASA24 to track their physical activity, sleep, and eating behavior, respectively. Then, participants wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, while they used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior. We chose an assessment period of three days in order to balance reliable measurement of health behaviors with feasibly capturing the effects of our manipulation. Each morning after having worn the Actiwatch-2, participants completed the questionnaire assessing self-reported measures of the past night's sleep. At visit two, participants completed the control condition, followed by the objective eating behavior task. Following this, participants again wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior, and completed the sleep questionnaire. Lastly, participants were debriefed at visit three upon completion of the 72-hour tracking period to return their devices.	Experimental Group n=125 Participants At visit one, participants completed a baseline questionnaire-which included all resilience measures-and received training in how to use the ActivPAL4, Actiwatch-2, and ASA24 to track their physical activity, sleep, and eating behavior, respectively. Then, participants wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, while they used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior. We chose an assessment period of three days in order to balance reliable measurement of health behaviors with feasibly capturing the effects of our manipulation. Each morning after having worn the Actiwatch-2, participants completed the questionnaire assessing self-reported measures of the past night's sleep. At visit two, participants completed the weight stigma manipulation, followed by the objective eating behavior task. Following this, participants again wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior, and completed the sleep questionnaire. Lastly, participants were debriefed at visit three upon completion of the 72-hour tracking period to return their devices.
Change in Physical Activity	-0.50 Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) units Standard Deviation 6.24	-0.90 Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) units Standard Deviation 5.84

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Change in sleep duration will be assessed by measuring sleep duration for three days before the intervention as part of the baseline, and three days after the intervention.

Change in sleep duration will be assessed using an Actiwatch-2 (Philips Respironics). Data will be captured in 30-second epochs and validated. Actiware 6.0.9 software algorithms will be used to estimate sleep parameters with the following sleep/wake algorithm: D = A-2*(1/25) + A1*(1/5) + A*(1) + A + 1*(1/5) + A + 2*(1/25), where AX = accelerometer activity for that minute.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=123 Participants At visit one, participants completed a baseline questionnaire-which included all resilience measures-and received training in how to use the ActivPAL4, Actiwatch-2, and ASA24 to track their physical activity, sleep, and eating behavior, respectively. Then, participants wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, while they used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior. We chose an assessment period of three days in order to balance reliable measurement of health behaviors with feasibly capturing the effects of our manipulation. Each morning after having worn the Actiwatch-2, participants completed the questionnaire assessing self-reported measures of the past night's sleep. At visit two, participants completed the control condition, followed by the objective eating behavior task. Following this, participants again wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior, and completed the sleep questionnaire. Lastly, participants were debriefed at visit three upon completion of the 72-hour tracking period to return their devices.	Experimental Group n=125 Participants At visit one, participants completed a baseline questionnaire-which included all resilience measures-and received training in how to use the ActivPAL4, Actiwatch-2, and ASA24 to track their physical activity, sleep, and eating behavior, respectively. Then, participants wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, while they used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior. We chose an assessment period of three days in order to balance reliable measurement of health behaviors with feasibly capturing the effects of our manipulation. Each morning after having worn the Actiwatch-2, participants completed the questionnaire assessing self-reported measures of the past night's sleep. At visit two, participants completed the weight stigma manipulation, followed by the objective eating behavior task. Following this, participants again wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior, and completed the sleep questionnaire. Lastly, participants were debriefed at visit three upon completion of the 72-hour tracking period to return their devices.
Change in Sleep Duration	0.13 hours Standard Deviation 1.38	-0.28 hours Standard Deviation 1.26

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Change in self-reported sleep quality will be assessed by measuring self-reported sleep quality during the mornings of the first 72 hour baseline period before the intervention, and in the mornings of the 72 hour period after the intervention.

Participants will respond to a single item assessing past night's sleep quality, with response options ranging from 1 (very bad) to 4 (very good). Change in subjective sleep quality will be calculated by taking the difference of the item score pre- and post-intervention. The possible minimum for change in self-reported sleep quality is -3 and the possible maximum is 3. In this difference score, higher scores indicate improvements in sleep quality from baseline to post.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=123 Participants At visit one, participants completed a baseline questionnaire-which included all resilience measures-and received training in how to use the ActivPAL4, Actiwatch-2, and ASA24 to track their physical activity, sleep, and eating behavior, respectively. Then, participants wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, while they used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior. We chose an assessment period of three days in order to balance reliable measurement of health behaviors with feasibly capturing the effects of our manipulation. Each morning after having worn the Actiwatch-2, participants completed the questionnaire assessing self-reported measures of the past night's sleep. At visit two, participants completed the control condition, followed by the objective eating behavior task. Following this, participants again wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior, and completed the sleep questionnaire. Lastly, participants were debriefed at visit three upon completion of the 72-hour tracking period to return their devices.	Experimental Group n=125 Participants At visit one, participants completed a baseline questionnaire-which included all resilience measures-and received training in how to use the ActivPAL4, Actiwatch-2, and ASA24 to track their physical activity, sleep, and eating behavior, respectively. Then, participants wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, while they used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior. We chose an assessment period of three days in order to balance reliable measurement of health behaviors with feasibly capturing the effects of our manipulation. Each morning after having worn the Actiwatch-2, participants completed the questionnaire assessing self-reported measures of the past night's sleep. At visit two, participants completed the weight stigma manipulation, followed by the objective eating behavior task. Following this, participants again wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior, and completed the sleep questionnaire. Lastly, participants were debriefed at visit three upon completion of the 72-hour tracking period to return their devices.
Change in Self-reported Sleep Quality	-0.01 likert scale Standard Deviation 0.52	-0.04 likert scale Standard Deviation 0.57

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Change in sleep onset latency will be assessed by measuring sleep onset latency for three days before the intervention as part of the baseline, and three days after the intervention.

Change in sleep onset latency will be assessed using an Actiwatch-2 (Philips Respironics). Data will be captured in 30-second epochs and validated. Actiware 6.0.9 software algorithms will be used to estimate sleep parameters with the following sleep/wake algorithm: D = A-2*(1/25) + A1*(1/5) + A*(1) + A + 1*(1/5) + A + 2*(1/25), where AX = accelerometer activity for that minute. Sleep onset is operationalized as after 10 consecutive minutes of D ≤ 40 (as D > 40 indicates participants are awake).

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=123 Participants At visit one, participants completed a baseline questionnaire-which included all resilience measures-and received training in how to use the ActivPAL4, Actiwatch-2, and ASA24 to track their physical activity, sleep, and eating behavior, respectively. Then, participants wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, while they used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior. We chose an assessment period of three days in order to balance reliable measurement of health behaviors with feasibly capturing the effects of our manipulation. Each morning after having worn the Actiwatch-2, participants completed the questionnaire assessing self-reported measures of the past night's sleep. At visit two, participants completed the control condition, followed by the objective eating behavior task. Following this, participants again wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior, and completed the sleep questionnaire. Lastly, participants were debriefed at visit three upon completion of the 72-hour tracking period to return their devices.	Experimental Group n=125 Participants At visit one, participants completed a baseline questionnaire-which included all resilience measures-and received training in how to use the ActivPAL4, Actiwatch-2, and ASA24 to track their physical activity, sleep, and eating behavior, respectively. Then, participants wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, while they used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior. We chose an assessment period of three days in order to balance reliable measurement of health behaviors with feasibly capturing the effects of our manipulation. Each morning after having worn the Actiwatch-2, participants completed the questionnaire assessing self-reported measures of the past night's sleep. At visit two, participants completed the weight stigma manipulation, followed by the objective eating behavior task. Following this, participants again wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior, and completed the sleep questionnaire. Lastly, participants were debriefed at visit three upon completion of the 72-hour tracking period to return their devices.
Change in Sleep Onset Latency	4.80 minutes Standard Deviation 35.15	10.09 minutes Standard Deviation 20.45

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Change in sleep efficiency will be assessed by measuring sleep efficiency for three days before the intervention as part of the baseline, and three days after the intervention.

Change in sleep efficiency will be assessed using an Actiwatch-2 (Philips Respironics). Data will be captured in 30-second epochs and validated. Actiware 6.0.9 software algorithms will be used to estimate sleep parameters with the following sleep/wake algorithm: D = A-2*(1/25) + A1*(1/5) + A*(1) + A + 1*(1/5) + A + 2*(1/25), where AX = accelerometer activity for that minute. The possible minimum value is -100 and the possible maximum value is 100. Higher scores indicate better sleep efficiency.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=123 Participants At visit one, participants completed a baseline questionnaire-which included all resilience measures-and received training in how to use the ActivPAL4, Actiwatch-2, and ASA24 to track their physical activity, sleep, and eating behavior, respectively. Then, participants wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, while they used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior. We chose an assessment period of three days in order to balance reliable measurement of health behaviors with feasibly capturing the effects of our manipulation. Each morning after having worn the Actiwatch-2, participants completed the questionnaire assessing self-reported measures of the past night's sleep. At visit two, participants completed the control condition, followed by the objective eating behavior task. Following this, participants again wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior, and completed the sleep questionnaire. Lastly, participants were debriefed at visit three upon completion of the 72-hour tracking period to return their devices.	Experimental Group n=125 Participants At visit one, participants completed a baseline questionnaire-which included all resilience measures-and received training in how to use the ActivPAL4, Actiwatch-2, and ASA24 to track their physical activity, sleep, and eating behavior, respectively. Then, participants wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, while they used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior. We chose an assessment period of three days in order to balance reliable measurement of health behaviors with feasibly capturing the effects of our manipulation. Each morning after having worn the Actiwatch-2, participants completed the questionnaire assessing self-reported measures of the past night's sleep. At visit two, participants completed the weight stigma manipulation, followed by the objective eating behavior task. Following this, participants again wore the ActivPAL4 for 72 hours and the Actiwatch-2 for three nights, used the ASA24 to record their eating behavior, and completed the sleep questionnaire. Lastly, participants were debriefed at visit three upon completion of the 72-hour tracking period to return their devices.
Change in Sleep Efficiency	0.33 efficiency score Standard Deviation 14.96	-5.01 efficiency score Standard Deviation 8.09

Adverse Events

Experimental (Weight Stigma) Arm

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Control Arm

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

A. Janet Tomiyama

University of California, Los Angeles

Phone: 310.206.6875

Email: janetto@ucla.edu

Results disclosure agreements

• Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
• Publication restrictions are in place