Trial Outcomes & Findings for Safety of Tiotropium + Olodaterol in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients in Taiwan: a Non-interventional Study Based on the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) Data (NCT NCT05393245)

NCT ID: NCT05393245

Last Updated: 2024-12-04

Results Overview

Incidence rate of adverse events in patients with COPD treated with Tiotropium+Olodaterol (Tio+Olo) per number of person-years is reported. From the index date until the earliest: Outcome of interest, disenrollment, the end of the study period, death, discontinuation of the index drug, addition of Inhaled corticosteroids mono on top of Tio/Olo. The incidence rate was reported as (Total number of patients in the Tio+Olo cohort experiencing an event of interest for the 1st time during the given time period) / (Total person-time at risk from current use of Tio+Olo during the given period). Urinary tract infection: (1): Diagnosis codes were primary inpatient diagnosis associated with a hospitalization. (2): Diagnosis codes were primary or secondary diagnosis associated with a hospitalization.(3): Diagnosis codes were primary or secondary diagnosis associated with a hospitalization OR associated with at least 2 outpatient/emergency visits within 30 days of each other.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Target enrollment

19467 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

From index date between 1st January 2014 until 31st December 2019. Up to 2160 days.

Results posted on

2024-12-04

Participant Flow

This was an observational study based on existing data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data between 2014 and 2019. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of safety outcomes in Chinese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in routine clinical practice in Taiwan who initiated Tiotropium / Olodaterol (Tio/Olo).

Every patient who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria was selected until the required sample size was achieved.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Tiotropium/Olodaterol (Tio/Olo)
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of Tiotropium+Olodaterol (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Other LABA/LAMA
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of other Long-acting β2-agonists + Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA+LABA) (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Overall Study
STARTED
5820
13647
Overall Study
COMPLETED
5820
13647
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
0
0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Tiotropium/Olodaterol (Tio/Olo)
n=5820 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of Tiotropium+Olodaterol (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Other LABA/LAMA
n=13647 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of other Long-acting β2-agonists + Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA+LABA) (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Total
n=19467 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
72 Years
n=5820 Participants
69 Years
n=13647 Participants
70 Years
n=19467 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
653 Participants
n=5820 Participants
1384 Participants
n=13647 Participants
2037 Participants
n=19467 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
5167 Participants
n=5820 Participants
12263 Participants
n=13647 Participants
17430 Participants
n=19467 Participants
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected
0 Participants
Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: From index date between 1st January 2014 until 31st December 2019. Up to 2160 days.

Population: Eligible Patients set: All patients who met the criteria and who were treated with Tio/Olo were included in the analysis dataset.

Incidence rate of adverse events in patients with COPD treated with Tiotropium+Olodaterol (Tio+Olo) per number of person-years is reported. From the index date until the earliest: Outcome of interest, disenrollment, the end of the study period, death, discontinuation of the index drug, addition of Inhaled corticosteroids mono on top of Tio/Olo. The incidence rate was reported as (Total number of patients in the Tio+Olo cohort experiencing an event of interest for the 1st time during the given time period) / (Total person-time at risk from current use of Tio+Olo during the given period). Urinary tract infection: (1): Diagnosis codes were primary inpatient diagnosis associated with a hospitalization. (2): Diagnosis codes were primary or secondary diagnosis associated with a hospitalization.(3): Diagnosis codes were primary or secondary diagnosis associated with a hospitalization OR associated with at least 2 outpatient/emergency visits within 30 days of each other.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Tiotropium/Olodaterol (Tio/Olo)
n=5820 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of Tiotropium+Olodaterol (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Other LABA/LAMA
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of other Long-acting β2-agonists + Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA+LABA) (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Potentially Recurrent Events
Pneumonia-Diagnosis codes were primary or secondary diagnosis associated with a hospitalization
0.84 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 0.56 to 1.26
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Potentially Recurrent Events
Moderate COPD exacerbation
19.71 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 18.05 to 21.52
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Potentially Recurrent Events
Severe COPD exacerbation
15.66 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 14.21 to 17.26
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Potentially Recurrent Events
Constipation
17.06 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 15.53 to 18.74
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Potentially Recurrent Events
Urinary retention
6.17 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 5.3 to 7.19
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Potentially Recurrent Events
Urinary tract infection (2)
9.44 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 8.34 to 10.68
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Potentially Recurrent Events
Urinary tract infection (3)
13.54 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 12.2 to 15.03
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Potentially Recurrent Events
Rash
0.69 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 0.44 to 1.09
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Potentially Recurrent Events
Nasopharyngitis
10.63 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 9.45 to 11.96
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Potentially Recurrent Events
Pneumonia- Diagnosis codes were primary inpatient diagnosis associated with a hospitalization
0.55 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 0.33 to 0.91
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Potentially Recurrent Events
Diarrhoea
1.58 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 1.17 to 2.13
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Potentially Recurrent Events
Urinary tract infection (1)
2.53 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 2.0 to 3.21
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Potentially Recurrent Events
Urticaria
6.96 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 6.02 to 8.04

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: From index date between 1st January 2014 until 31st December 2019. Up to 2160 days.

Population: Eligible Patients set: All patients who met the criteria and who were treated with Tio/Olo were included in the analysis dataset.

Incidence rate of Adverse Events (AEs) in patients with COPD treated with Tiotropium+Olodaterol (Tio+Olo) per number of person-years is reported. From index date until the earliest: Outcome of interest, disenrollment, end of the study period, death, discontinuation, use of Inhaled corticosteroids. Incident events. The incidence rate was reported as (Total number of patients in the Tio+Olo cohort experiencing an event of interest for the 1st time during the given time period) / (Total person-time at risk from current use of Tio+Olo during the given period). Urinary tract infection: (1): Diagnosis codes were primary inpatient diagnosis associated with a hospitalization. (2): Diagnosis codes were primary or secondary diagnosis associated with a hospitalization.(3): Diagnosis codes were primary or secondary diagnosis associated with a hospitalization OR associated with at least 2 outpatient/emergency visits within 30 days of each other.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Tiotropium/Olodaterol (Tio/Olo)
n=5820 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of Tiotropium+Olodaterol (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Other LABA/LAMA
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of other Long-acting β2-agonists + Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA+LABA) (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Incident Events
Arrhythmia
6.80 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 5.83 to 7.94
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Incident Events
Myocardial ischemia
4.02 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 3.31 to 4.9
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Incident Events
Supraventricular tachycardia
0.33 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 0.17 to 0.63
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Incident Events
Glaucoma
1.13 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 0.79 to 1.62
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Incident Events
Nonfatal myocardial infarction (1)
0.59 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 0.36 to 0.96
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Incident Events
Nonfatal myocardial infarction (2)
1.11 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 0.78 to 1.59
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Incident Events
Nonfatal hemorrhagic stroke (1)
0.18 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 0.08 to 0.44
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Incident Events
Nonfatal hemorrhagic stroke (2)
0.66 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 0.42 to 1.05
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Incident Events
Nonfatal ischemic stroke (1)
1.03 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 0.71 to 1.5
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Incident Events
Nonfatal ischemic stroke (2)
1.67 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 1.25 to 2.24
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Incident Events
Nonfatal, Acute, but ill-defined, cerebrovascular disease (1)
0 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 0.0 to 0.0
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Incident Events
Nonfatal, Acute, but ill-defined, cerebrovascular disease (2)
0 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 0.0 to 0.0
Incidence Rate of Adverse Events in Patients With COPD Treated With Tio+Olo: Incident Events
Death
19.15 Events per 100 person-years
Interval 17.58 to 20.85

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At index date between 2014-2019. Up to 2160 days.

Population: Eligible Patients set: All patients who met the criteria were included in the analysis dataset.

Number of patients by sex according to whether they started Tio+Olo or another LAMA/LABA

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Tiotropium/Olodaterol (Tio/Olo)
n=5820 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of Tiotropium+Olodaterol (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Other LABA/LAMA
n=13647 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of other Long-acting β2-agonists + Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA+LABA) (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Sex
Male
5167 Participants
12263 Participants
Baseline Characteristics of Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Sex
Female
653 Participants
1384 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At index date between 2014-2019

Population: Eligible Patients set: All patients who met the criteria were included in the analysis dataset.

Number of patients by age groups according to whether they started Tio+Olo or another LAMA/LABA. The reported age groups are: 40-59, 60-79 and 80+.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Tiotropium/Olodaterol (Tio/Olo)
n=5820 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of Tiotropium+Olodaterol (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Other LABA/LAMA
n=13647 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of other Long-acting β2-agonists + Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA+LABA) (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Age
40-59 years old
905 Participants
2826 Participants
Baseline Characteristics of Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Age
60-79 years old
3151 Participants
8080 Participants
Baseline Characteristics of Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Age
80+ years old
1764 Participants
2741 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At index date between 2014-2019

Population: Eligible Patients set: All patients who met the criteria were included in the analysis dataset.

Number of patients by Calendar year of cohort entry according to whether they started Tio+Olo or another LAMA/LABA. The reported year groups are: 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Tiotropium/Olodaterol (Tio/Olo)
n=5820 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of Tiotropium+Olodaterol (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Other LABA/LAMA
n=13647 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of other Long-acting β2-agonists + Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA+LABA) (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Calendar Year of Cohort Entry
2014
0 Participants
218 Participants
Baseline Characteristics of Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Calendar Year of Cohort Entry
2015
150 Participants
945 Participants
Baseline Characteristics of Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Calendar Year of Cohort Entry
2016
241 Participants
2477 Participants
Baseline Characteristics of Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Calendar Year of Cohort Entry
2017
908 Participants
3491 Participants
Baseline Characteristics of Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Calendar Year of Cohort Entry
2018
1944 Participants
3262 Participants
Baseline Characteristics of Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Calendar Year of Cohort Entry
2019
2577 Participants
3254 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At index date between 2014-2019

Population: Eligible Patients set: All patients who met the criteria were included in the analysis dataset.

Number of patients by season of cohort entry date according to whether they started Tio+Olo or another LAMA/LABA. The reported seasons are: Spring (Mar-May), Summer (Jun-Aug), Fall (Sep-Nov) and Winter (Dec-Feb).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Tiotropium/Olodaterol (Tio/Olo)
n=5820 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of Tiotropium+Olodaterol (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Other LABA/LAMA
n=13647 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of other Long-acting β2-agonists + Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA+LABA) (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Season of Cohort Entry Date
Spring
1535 Participants
3748 Participants
Baseline Characteristics of Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Season of Cohort Entry Date
Summer
1484 Participants
3369 Participants
Baseline Characteristics of Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Season of Cohort Entry Date
Fall
1469 Participants
3273 Participants
Baseline Characteristics of Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Season of Cohort Entry Date
Winter
1332 Participants
3257 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline period: 360 consecutive days ending the day before the index date. Up to 360 days.

Population: Eligible Patients set: All patients who met the criteria were included in the analysis dataset.

Number of patients by specific previous COPD treatment during the 1 year pre-index baseline period according to whether they started Tio+Olo or another LAMA/LABA is reported. The treatments were: Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) monotherapy, Long-acting β2-agonists (LABA) monotherapy, Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) monotherapy, ICS containing therapy and LAMA+LABA free combinations.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Tiotropium/Olodaterol (Tio/Olo)
n=5820 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of Tiotropium+Olodaterol (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Other LABA/LAMA
n=13647 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of other Long-acting β2-agonists + Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA+LABA) (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Specific Previous COPD Treatment
Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) monotherapy
75 Participants
465 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Specific Previous COPD Treatment
Long-acting β2-agonists (LABA) monotherapy
112 Participants
670 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Specific Previous COPD Treatment
Inhaled corticolsteroids (ICS) monotherapy
76 Participants
44 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Specific Previous COPD Treatment
ICS containing therapy
668 Participants
1318 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Specific Previous COPD Treatment
LAMA+LABA free combinations
699 Participants
0 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline period: 360 consecutive days ending the day before the index date. Up to 360 days.

Population: Eligible Patients set: All patients who met the criteria were included in the analysis dataset.

Number of patients by use of other respiratory drugs during the 1 year pre-index baseline period according to whether they started Tio+Olo or another LAMA/LABA is reported. The treatments were: Mucolytics, Theophylline, Short-acting beta-agonists and Short-acting muscarinic antagonists.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Tiotropium/Olodaterol (Tio/Olo)
n=5820 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of Tiotropium+Olodaterol (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Other LABA/LAMA
n=13647 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of other Long-acting β2-agonists + Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA+LABA) (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Use of Other Respiratory Drugs
Mucolytics
4324 Participants
9541 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Use of Other Respiratory Drugs
Theophylline
2468 Participants
5913 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Use of Other Respiratory Drugs
Short-acting beta-agonists
1670 Participants
2719 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Use of Other Respiratory Drugs
Short-acting muscarinic antagonists.
911 Participants
1300 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline period: 360 consecutive days ending the day before the index date. Up to 360 days.

Population: Eligible Patients set: All patients who met the criteria were included in the analysis dataset.

Number of patients by moderate Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) exacerbation in 1 year prior to index date according to whether they started Tio+Olo or another LAMA/LABA is reported. Categorized as 0, 1, or 2+ according to the frequency of previous acute COPD exacerbation in 1 year for each patient.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Tiotropium/Olodaterol (Tio/Olo)
n=5820 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of Tiotropium+Olodaterol (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Other LABA/LAMA
n=13647 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of other Long-acting β2-agonists + Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA+LABA) (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Moderate COPD Exacerbation in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
0
5209 Participants
12556 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Moderate COPD Exacerbation in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
1
483 Participants
968 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Moderate COPD Exacerbation in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
2+
128 Participants
123 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline period: 360 consecutive days ending the day before the index date. Up to 360 days.

Population: Eligible Patients set: All patients who met the criteria were included in the analysis dataset.

Number of patients by severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) exacerbation in 1 year prior to index date according to whether they started Tio+Olo or another LAMA/LABA is reported. Categorized as 0, 1, or 2+.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Tiotropium/Olodaterol (Tio/Olo)
n=5820 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of Tiotropium+Olodaterol (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Other LABA/LAMA
n=13647 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of other Long-acting β2-agonists + Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA+LABA) (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Severe COPD Exacerbation in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
0
5222 Participants
12738 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Severe COPD Exacerbation in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
1
520 Participants
809 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Severe COPD Exacerbation in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
2+
78 Participants
100 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline period: 360 consecutive days ending the day before the index date. Up to 360 days.

Population: Eligible Patients set: All patients who met the criteria were included in the analysis dataset.

Number of patients by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) exacerbations in 1 year prior to index date according to whether they started Tio+Olo or another LAMA/LABA is reported. Categorized as 0, 1, or 2+.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Tiotropium/Olodaterol (Tio/Olo)
n=5820 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of Tiotropium+Olodaterol (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Other LABA/LAMA
n=13647 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of other Long-acting β2-agonists + Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA+LABA) (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: All COPD Exacerbation in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
0
4738 Participants
11791 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: All COPD Exacerbation in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
1
802 Participants
1548 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: All COPD Exacerbation in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
2+
280 Participants
308 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline period: 30 consecutive days ending the day before the index date. Up to 30 days.

Population: Eligible Patients set: All patients who met the criteria were included in the analysis dataset.

Number of patients by moderate Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) exacerbation in 30 days prior to index date according to whether they started Tio+Olo or another LAMA/LABA is reported. Categorized as 0, 1, or 2+.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Tiotropium/Olodaterol (Tio/Olo)
n=5820 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of Tiotropium+Olodaterol (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Other LABA/LAMA
n=13647 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of other Long-acting β2-agonists + Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA+LABA) (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Baseline Period: Characteristics Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Moderate COPD Exacerbation 30 Days Prior to Index Date
0
5628 Participants
13115 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Moderate COPD Exacerbation 30 Days Prior to Index Date
1
192 Participants
532 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Moderate COPD Exacerbation 30 Days Prior to Index Date
2+
0 Participants
0 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline period: 30 consecutive days ending the day before the index date. Up to 30 days.

Population: Eligible Patients set: All patients who met the criteria were included in the analysis dataset.

Number of patients by severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) exacerbation in 30 days prior to index date according to whether they started Tio+Olo or another LAMA/LABA is reported. Categorized as 0, 1, or 2+.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Tiotropium/Olodaterol (Tio/Olo)
n=5820 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of Tiotropium+Olodaterol (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Other LABA/LAMA
n=13647 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of other Long-acting β2-agonists + Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA+LABA) (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Baseline Period: Characteristics Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Severe COPD Exacerbation 30 Days Prior to Index Date
0
5564 Participants
13111 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Severe COPD Exacerbation 30 Days Prior to Index Date
1
256 Participants
536 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Severe COPD Exacerbation 30 Days Prior to Index Date
2+
0 Participants
0 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline period: 30 consecutive days ending the day before the index date. Up to 30 days.

Population: Eligible Patients set: All patients who met the criteria were included in the analysis dataset.

Number of patients by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) exacerbations in 30 days prior to index date according to whether they started Tio+Olo or another LAMA/LABA is reported. Categorized as 0, 1, or 2+.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Tiotropium/Olodaterol (Tio/Olo)
n=5820 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of Tiotropium+Olodaterol (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Other LABA/LAMA
n=13647 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of other Long-acting β2-agonists + Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA+LABA) (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Baseline Period: Characteristics Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: All COPD Exacerbation 30 Days Prior to Index Date
0
5390 Participants
12612 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: All COPD Exacerbation 30 Days Prior to Index Date
1
412 Participants
1002 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: All COPD Exacerbation 30 Days Prior to Index Date
2+
18 Participants
33 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline period: 360 consecutive days ending the day before the index date. Up to 360 days.

Population: Eligible Patients set: All patients who met the criteria were included in the analysis dataset.

Number of hospitalizations caused by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) exacerbations in 1 year prior to index date according to whether they started Tio+Olo or another LAMA/LABA is reported. Categorized as 0, 1, or 2+.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Tiotropium/Olodaterol (Tio/Olo)
n=5820 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of Tiotropium+Olodaterol (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Other LABA/LAMA
n=13647 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of other Long-acting β2-agonists + Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA+LABA) (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Hospitalizations Caused by Exacerbation of COPD in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
0
5475 Participants
13149 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Hospitalizations Caused by Exacerbation of COPD in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
1
296 Participants
443 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Hospitalizations Caused by Exacerbation of COPD in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
2+
49 Participants
55 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline period: 360 consecutive days ending the day before the index date. Up to 360 days.

Population: Eligible Patients set: All patients who met the criteria were included in the analysis dataset.

Number of all-cause hospitalizations in 1 year prior to index date according to whether they started Tio+Olo or another LAMA/LABA is reported. Categorized as 0, 1, or 2+.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Tiotropium/Olodaterol (Tio/Olo)
n=5820 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of Tiotropium+Olodaterol (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Other LABA/LAMA
n=13647 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of other Long-acting β2-agonists + Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA+LABA) (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: All-cause Hospitalizations in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
0
3405 Participants
9273 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: All-cause Hospitalizations in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
1
1311 Participants
2902 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: All-cause Hospitalizations in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
2+
1104 Participants
1472 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline period: 360 consecutive days ending the day before the index date. Up to 360 days.

Population: Eligible Patients set: All patients who met the criteria were included in the analysis dataset.

Number of participants with comorbidities in 1 year prior to index date according to whether they started Tio+Olo or another LAMA/LABA is reported. The following comorbidities are reported: Cardiovascular disease, Cerebrovascular disease, Diabetes, Chronic kidney disease, Pneumonia, Cancer and Cirrhosis.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Tiotropium/Olodaterol (Tio/Olo)
n=5820 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of Tiotropium+Olodaterol (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Other LABA/LAMA
n=13647 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of other Long-acting β2-agonists + Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA+LABA) (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Comorbidities in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
Pneumonia
71 Participants
218 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Comorbidities in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
Cancer
274 Participants
469 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Comorbidities in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
Cirrhosis.
119 Participants
279 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Comorbidities in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
Carrdiovascular disease
2979 Participants
5741 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Comorbidities in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
Cerebrovascular disease
857 Participants
1155 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Comorbidities in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
Diabetes
1217 Participants
2407 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Comorbidities in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
Chronic kidney disease
58 Participants
224 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline period: 360 consecutive days ending the day before the index date. Up to 360 days.

Population: Eligible Patients set: All patients who met the criteria were included in the analysis dataset.

Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) according to whether they started Tio+Olo or another LAMA/LABA is reported. The CCI (using Deyo version) is a comorbidity index used to evaluate survival rate in patients with multiple comorbidities. 17 comorbidities were assessed with different weights, and the total score was determined by adding the scores of each comorbidity. The total score goes from 0 to 37, with higher values predicting a higher mortality rate.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Tiotropium/Olodaterol (Tio/Olo)
n=5820 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of Tiotropium+Olodaterol (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Other LABA/LAMA
n=13647 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of other Long-acting β2-agonists + Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA+LABA) (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
1.33 Score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.14
0.97 Score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.02

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline period: 360 consecutive days ending the day before the index date. Up to 360 days.

Population: Eligible Patients set: All patients who met the criteria were included in the analysis dataset.

Number of participants with history of medications dispensed in 1 year prior to index date according to whether they started Tio+Olo or another LAMA/LABA is reported. The following medications are reported: Antihypertensives, Antiarrhythmics, Nitrates, Heart failure medications, Lipid-lowering medications, Blood glucose-lowering medications, Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, Antibiotics and Antineoplastic agents.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Tiotropium/Olodaterol (Tio/Olo)
n=5820 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of Tiotropium+Olodaterol (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Other LABA/LAMA
n=13647 Participants
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of other Long-acting β2-agonists + Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA+LABA) (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: History of Medications Dispensed in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
Antihypertensives
4027 Participants
8720 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: History of Medications Dispensed in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
Antiarrhythmics
2192 Participants
2192 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: History of Medications Dispensed in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
Nitrates
1064 Participants
2227 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: History of Medications Dispensed in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
Heart failure medications
2004 Participants
4086 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: History of Medications Dispensed in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
Lipid-lowering medications
1636 Participants
3823 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: History of Medications Dispensed in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
Blood glucose-lowering medications
1386 Participants
2785 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: History of Medications Dispensed in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents
2473 Participants
5073 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: History of Medications Dispensed in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
Antibiotics
4127 Participants
9103 Participants
Baseline Period: Characteristics 1 Year Pre-index Comparison Between Patients Who Initiated Tio+Olo or Other LAMA/LABA: History of Medications Dispensed in 1 Year Prior to Index Date
Antineoplastic agents.
286 Participants
502 Participants

Adverse Events

Tiotropium/Olodaterol (Tio/Olo)

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 2014 other events
Deaths: 526 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Tiotropium/Olodaterol (Tio/Olo)
n=5820 participants at risk
Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) new initiators of Tiotropium+Olodaterol (fixed dose combination (FDC) or free combination) between the 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
15.5%
904/5820 • From index date between 1st January 2014 until 31st December 2019. Up to 2160 days.
The primary objective of the study was to explore the safety outcomes of Tiotropium/Olodaterol, so safety information was extracted from existing data only on these patients. Adverse Events (AEs) on patients treated with Other LABA/LAMA was not collected, only baseline characteristics were collected on these patients. Only AEs pre-specified in the protocol and deaths are reported. Seriousness of AEs was not collected. All patients who met the criteria were included in the analysis dataset
Gastrointestinal disorders
Constipation
7.5%
435/5820 • From index date between 1st January 2014 until 31st December 2019. Up to 2160 days.
The primary objective of the study was to explore the safety outcomes of Tiotropium/Olodaterol, so safety information was extracted from existing data only on these patients. Adverse Events (AEs) on patients treated with Other LABA/LAMA was not collected, only baseline characteristics were collected on these patients. Only AEs pre-specified in the protocol and deaths are reported. Seriousness of AEs was not collected. All patients who met the criteria were included in the analysis dataset
Infections and infestations
Urinary tract infection
11.6%
675/5820 • From index date between 1st January 2014 until 31st December 2019. Up to 2160 days.
The primary objective of the study was to explore the safety outcomes of Tiotropium/Olodaterol, so safety information was extracted from existing data only on these patients. Adverse Events (AEs) on patients treated with Other LABA/LAMA was not collected, only baseline characteristics were collected on these patients. Only AEs pre-specified in the protocol and deaths are reported. Seriousness of AEs was not collected. All patients who met the criteria were included in the analysis dataset

Additional Information

Boehringer Ingelheim, Call Center

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Phone: 1-800-243-0127

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee Boehringer Ingelheim (BI) acknowledges that investigators have the right to publish the study results. Investigators shall provide BI with a copy of any publication or presentation for review prior to any submission. Such review will be done with regard to proprietary information, information related to patentable inventions, medical, scientific, and statistical accuracy within 60 days. BI may request a delay of the publication in order to protect BI's intellectual property rights.
  • Publication restrictions are in place

Restriction type: OTHER