Trial Outcomes & Findings for Mobile Messaging for Improved Nutrition (NCT NCT05374837)

NCT ID: NCT05374837

Last Updated: 2024-12-30

Results Overview

The minimum acceptable diet indicator will be used to assess diet quality in children. A list-based recall will be used to assess dietary intake over the previous day. The 24-hour recall will be used to calculate minimum dietary diversity (MDD) (consuming 5 or more of 8 food groups (breast milk; grains, roots, tubers and plantains; pulses (beans, peas, lentils), nuts and seeds; dairy products (milk, infant formula, yogurt, cheese); flesh foods (meat, fish, poultry, organ meats); eggs; vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables; other fruit and vegetables) and minimum meal frequency (MMF) (2x/day for breastfed infants 6-8 months; 3x/day for breastfed children 9-23 months; 4x/day for non-breastfed children 6-23 months). Children who meet the thresholds for both MDD and MMF are defined as consuming a MAD, based on the WHO/UNICEF IYCF indicator.

• Recruitment status: COMPLETED
• Study phase: NA
• Target enrollment: 488 participants
• Primary outcome timeframe: At study completion, an average of 4 months after baseline
• Results posted on: 2024-12-30

Participant Flow

We recruited triads (mother, father and child) for this study. The intervention was delivered to mothers and fathers in the triad and the study outcomes were primarily measured in the child.

The enrollment number reflects the number of triads (child, mother/primary female caregiver, and father/primary male caregiver) that were enrolled in the study. The numbers started and completed reflect the individual child, mother, and father participants.

Unit of analysis: Village

Participant milestones

Measure	Control Group The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.
Overall Study STARTED	455 52	632 52
Overall Study Child Participants Started Study	205 52	283 52
Overall Study Mother Participants Started Study	205 52	283 52
Overall Study Father Participants Started Study	45 52	66 52
Overall Study Child Participants Completed the Study	205 52	283 52
Overall Study Mother Participants Completed the Study	205 52	283 52
Overall Study Father Participants Completed the Study	28 52	48 52
Overall Study COMPLETED	438 52	614 52
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	17 0	18 0

Reasons for withdrawal

Measure	Control Group The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.
Overall Study Lost to Follow-up	17	18

Baseline Characteristics

These numbers reflect solely the number of children in the triads.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Measure	Control Group n=52 Villages The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention n=52 Villages The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.	Total n=104 Villages Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous Child	12.3 Months of child STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.6 • n=205 Participants • These numbers reflect solely the number of children in the triads.	11.6 Months of child STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.1 • n=283 Participants • These numbers reflect solely the number of children in the triads.	11.9 Months of child STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.3 • n=488 Participants • These numbers reflect solely the number of children in the triads.
Age, Continuous	42.67 Years of father STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.18 • n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	41.89 Years of father STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.55 • n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	42.21 Years of father STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.99 • n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Sex: Female, Male Child participants · Female	92 Participants n=205 Participants • The different rows present the sex of children participants, mother participants, and father participants.	145 Participants n=283 Participants • The different rows present the sex of children participants, mother participants, and father participants.	237 Participants n=488 Participants • The different rows present the sex of children participants, mother participants, and father participants.
Sex: Female, Male Child participants · Male	113 Participants n=205 Participants • The different rows present the sex of children participants, mother participants, and father participants.	138 Participants n=283 Participants • The different rows present the sex of children participants, mother participants, and father participants.	251 Participants n=488 Participants • The different rows present the sex of children participants, mother participants, and father participants.
Sex: Female, Male Mother participants · Female	205 Participants n=205 Participants • The different rows present the sex of children participants, mother participants, and father participants.	283 Participants n=283 Participants • The different rows present the sex of children participants, mother participants, and father participants.	488 Participants n=488 Participants • The different rows present the sex of children participants, mother participants, and father participants.
Sex: Female, Male Mother participants · Male	0 Participants n=205 Participants • The different rows present the sex of children participants, mother participants, and father participants.	0 Participants n=283 Participants • The different rows present the sex of children participants, mother participants, and father participants.	0 Participants n=488 Participants • The different rows present the sex of children participants, mother participants, and father participants.
Sex: Female, Male Father participants · Female	0 Participants n=45 Participants • The different rows present the sex of children participants, mother participants, and father participants.	0 Participants n=66 Participants • The different rows present the sex of children participants, mother participants, and father participants.	0 Participants n=111 Participants • The different rows present the sex of children participants, mother participants, and father participants.
Sex: Female, Male Father participants · Male	45 Participants n=45 Participants • The different rows present the sex of children participants, mother participants, and father participants.	66 Participants n=66 Participants • The different rows present the sex of children participants, mother participants, and father participants.	111 Participants n=111 Participants • The different rows present the sex of children participants, mother participants, and father participants.
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Ethnicity of triad/household · Wolof/Lebou	147 Participants n=205 Participants • Ethnicity was measured at the triad/household level. We only report ethnicity for the triad and not for children, mother, and father participants separately.	194 Participants n=283 Participants • Ethnicity was measured at the triad/household level. We only report ethnicity for the triad and not for children, mother, and father participants separately.	341 Participants n=488 Participants • Ethnicity was measured at the triad/household level. We only report ethnicity for the triad and not for children, mother, and father participants separately.
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Ethnicity of triad/household · Pular/Toucouleur	13 Participants n=205 Participants • Ethnicity was measured at the triad/household level. We only report ethnicity for the triad and not for children, mother, and father participants separately.	6 Participants n=283 Participants • Ethnicity was measured at the triad/household level. We only report ethnicity for the triad and not for children, mother, and father participants separately.	19 Participants n=488 Participants • Ethnicity was measured at the triad/household level. We only report ethnicity for the triad and not for children, mother, and father participants separately.
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Ethnicity of triad/household · Serere	39 Participants n=205 Participants • Ethnicity was measured at the triad/household level. We only report ethnicity for the triad and not for children, mother, and father participants separately.	75 Participants n=283 Participants • Ethnicity was measured at the triad/household level. We only report ethnicity for the triad and not for children, mother, and father participants separately.	114 Participants n=488 Participants • Ethnicity was measured at the triad/household level. We only report ethnicity for the triad and not for children, mother, and father participants separately.
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Ethnicity of triad/household · Diola	2 Participants n=205 Participants • Ethnicity was measured at the triad/household level. We only report ethnicity for the triad and not for children, mother, and father participants separately.	0 Participants n=283 Participants • Ethnicity was measured at the triad/household level. We only report ethnicity for the triad and not for children, mother, and father participants separately.	2 Participants n=488 Participants • Ethnicity was measured at the triad/household level. We only report ethnicity for the triad and not for children, mother, and father participants separately.
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Ethnicity of triad/household · Manding/Soce	2 Participants n=205 Participants • Ethnicity was measured at the triad/household level. We only report ethnicity for the triad and not for children, mother, and father participants separately.	4 Participants n=283 Participants • Ethnicity was measured at the triad/household level. We only report ethnicity for the triad and not for children, mother, and father participants separately.	6 Participants n=488 Participants • Ethnicity was measured at the triad/household level. We only report ethnicity for the triad and not for children, mother, and father participants separately.
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Ethnicity of triad/household · Other ethnicity	2 Participants n=205 Participants • Ethnicity was measured at the triad/household level. We only report ethnicity for the triad and not for children, mother, and father participants separately.	4 Participants n=283 Participants • Ethnicity was measured at the triad/household level. We only report ethnicity for the triad and not for children, mother, and father participants separately.	6 Participants n=488 Participants • Ethnicity was measured at the triad/household level. We only report ethnicity for the triad and not for children, mother, and father participants separately.
Region of Enrollment Senegal	205 Participants n=205 Participants • Data were captured at the triad level.	283 Participants n=283 Participants • Data were captured at the triad level.	488 Participants n=488 Participants • Data were captured at the triad level.
Child's mother's highest education level completed Primary school	42 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure was only for mothers included in the study (n=205 in control; n=283 in experimental group)	66 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure was only for mothers included in the study (n=205 in control; n=283 in experimental group)	108 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure was only for mothers included in the study (n=205 in control; n=283 in experimental group)
Child's mother's highest education level completed Secondary school	33 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure was only for mothers included in the study (n=205 in control; n=283 in experimental group)	45 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure was only for mothers included in the study (n=205 in control; n=283 in experimental group)	78 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure was only for mothers included in the study (n=205 in control; n=283 in experimental group)
Child's mother's highest education level completed University	5 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure was only for mothers included in the study (n=205 in control; n=283 in experimental group)	4 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure was only for mothers included in the study (n=205 in control; n=283 in experimental group)	9 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure was only for mothers included in the study (n=205 in control; n=283 in experimental group)
Child's mother's highest education level completed Did not attend formal school	125 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure was only for mothers included in the study (n=205 in control; n=283 in experimental group)	168 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure was only for mothers included in the study (n=205 in control; n=283 in experimental group)	293 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure was only for mothers included in the study (n=205 in control; n=283 in experimental group)
Prevalence of child anemia Child has no anemia	61 Participants n=200 Participants • A small number of children did not have hemoglobin measurements due to not wanting to have finger pricks or not being present for measurement.	86 Participants n=278 Participants • A small number of children did not have hemoglobin measurements due to not wanting to have finger pricks or not being present for measurement.	147 Participants n=478 Participants • A small number of children did not have hemoglobin measurements due to not wanting to have finger pricks or not being present for measurement.
Prevalence of child anemia Child has anemia	139 Participants n=200 Participants • A small number of children did not have hemoglobin measurements due to not wanting to have finger pricks or not being present for measurement.	192 Participants n=278 Participants • A small number of children did not have hemoglobin measurements due to not wanting to have finger pricks or not being present for measurement.	331 Participants n=478 Participants • A small number of children did not have hemoglobin measurements due to not wanting to have finger pricks or not being present for measurement.
Number of children who consume a minimum acceptable diet Consumed minimum acceptable diet (MAD)	29 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure was only for child participants	25 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure was only for child participants	54 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure was only for child participants
Number of children who consume a minimum acceptable diet Did not consume minimum acceptable diet (MAD)	176 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure was only for child participants	258 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure was only for child participants	434 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure was only for child participants
Minimum dietary diversity consumed Does not meet minimum dietary diversity	159 Participants n=205 Participants • We had missing data for one child	224 Participants n=282 Participants • We had missing data for one child	383 Participants n=487 Participants • We had missing data for one child
Minimum dietary diversity consumed Meets minimum dietary diversity	46 Participants n=205 Participants • We had missing data for one child	58 Participants n=282 Participants • We had missing data for one child	104 Participants n=487 Participants • We had missing data for one child
Minimum Meal Frequency Meets minimum meal frequency	79 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	81 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	160 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.
Minimum Meal Frequency Does not meet minimum meal frequency	126 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	202 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	328 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.
Bottle feeding 0-23 months Child is bottle fed	36 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	42 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	78 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.
Bottle feeding 0-23 months Child is not bottle fed	169 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	241 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	410 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.
Egg and/or flesh food consumption Consumed eggs and/or flesh foods	95 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	108 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	203 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.
Egg and/or flesh food consumption Did not consume eggs and/or flesh foods	110 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	175 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	285 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.
Sweet beverage consumption Consumed sweet beverage	93 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	134 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	227 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.
Sweet beverage consumption Did not consume sweet beverage	112 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	149 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	261 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.
Unhealthy food consumption Consumed unhealthy food	92 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	123 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	215 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.
Unhealthy food consumption Did not consume unhealthy food	113 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	160 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	273 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.
Zero vegetable or fruit consumption Consumed vegetable and/or fruit	49 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	88 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	137 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.
Zero vegetable or fruit consumption Did not consume vegetable and/or fruit	156 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	195 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	351 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.
Frequency of orange fruit and/or vegetable consumption in past 7 days	4.36 number of times consumed STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.24 • n=205 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	3.96 number of times consumed STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.2 • n=283 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	4.13 number of times consumed STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.7 • n=488 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.
Animal-source food consumption over past 7 days	2.51 Number of times consumed STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.86 • n=205 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	2.75 Number of times consumed STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.28 • n=283 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	2.65 Number of times consumed STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.11 • n=488 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.
Leafy green consumption over past 7 days	0.88 Number of times consumed STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.93 • n=205 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	0.77 Number of times consumed STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.69 • n=283 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	0.81 Number of times consumed STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.79 • n=488 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.
Thick porridge consumption	8.76 Number of times consumed STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.84 • n=205 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	10.93 Number of times consumed STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.95 • n=283 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	9.96 Number of times consumed STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.5 • n=488 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.
Consumption of porridge mixed with nutrient-rich food over past 7 days	3.62 Number of times consumed STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.77 • n=205 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	3.35 Number of times consumed STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.14 • n=283 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	3.46 Number of times consumed STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.4 • n=488 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.
Consumption of sugary foods over past 7 days	3.41 Number of times consumed STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.34 • n=205 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	3.41 Number of times consumed STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.36 • n=283 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	3.41 Number of times consumed STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.35 • n=488 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.
Consumption of fried foods over past 7 days	1.17 Number of times consumed STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.42 • n=205 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	0.94 Number of times consumed STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.13 • n=283 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.	1.03 Number of times consumed STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.26 • n=488 Participants • This measure is for children participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Leafy greens will provide my baby with important nutrients · Strongly agree	68 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	86 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	154 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Leafy greens will provide my baby with important nutrients · Agree	86 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	111 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	197 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Leafy greens will provide my baby with important nutrients · Neutral (neither agree or disagree)	28 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	61 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	89 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Leafy greens will provide my baby with important nutrients · Disagree	22 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	17 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	39 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Leafy greens will provide my baby with important nutrients · Strongly disagree	1 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	8 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	9 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Eating animal source foods can prevent anemia · Strongly agree	88 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	124 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	212 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Eating animal source foods can prevent anemia · Agree	95 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	121 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	216 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Eating animal source foods can prevent anemia · Neutral (neither agree or disagree)	16 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	21 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	37 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Eating animal source foods can prevent anemia · Disagree	6 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	15 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	21 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Eating animal source foods can prevent anemia · Strongly disagree	0 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	2 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	2 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Feeding my baby multiple times a day is important for his/her growth and development · Strongly agree	74 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	96 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	170 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Feeding my baby multiple times a day is important for his/her growth and development · Agree	85 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	111 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	196 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Feeding my baby multiple times a day is important for his/her growth and development · Neutral (neither agree or disagree)	8 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	16 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	24 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Feeding my baby multiple times a day is important for his/her growth and development · Disagree	30 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	47 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	77 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Feeding my baby multiple times a day is important for his/her growth and development · Strongly disagree	8 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	13 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	21 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Feeding my baby orange fruits and vegetables can help their eye health and prevent illness · Strongly agree	97 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	141 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	238 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Feeding my baby orange fruits and vegetables can help their eye health and prevent illness · Agree	97 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	131 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	228 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Feeding my baby orange fruits and vegetables can help their eye health and prevent illness · Neutral (neither agree or disagree)	10 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	8 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	18 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Feeding my baby orange fruits and vegetables can help their eye health and prevent illness · Disagree	1 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	3 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	4 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Feeding my baby orange fruits and vegetables can help their eye health and prevent illness · Strongly disagree	0 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	0 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	0 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices It is important to limit the amount of sweet and fried foods my baby consumes · Strongly agree	80 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	98 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	178 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices It is important to limit the amount of sweet and fried foods my baby consumes · Agree	80 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	103 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	183 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices It is important to limit the amount of sweet and fried foods my baby consumes · Neutral (neither agree or disagree)	8 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	27 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	35 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices It is important to limit the amount of sweet and fried foods my baby consumes · Disagree	27 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	35 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	62 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices It is important to limit the amount of sweet and fried foods my baby consumes · Strongly disagree	10 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	20 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	30 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Clear or liquid porridge nourishes my baby · Strongly agree	97 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	128 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	225 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Clear or liquid porridge nourishes my baby · Agree	102 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	147 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	249 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Clear or liquid porridge nourishes my baby · Neutral (neither agree or disagree)	3 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	3 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	6 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Clear or liquid porridge nourishes my baby · Disagree	3 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	4 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	7 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Clear or liquid porridge nourishes my baby · Strongly disagree	0 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	1 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	1 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Washing hands with soap before & after cooking, eating, etc. can help prevent illness · Strongly agree	127 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	180 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	307 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Washing hands with soap before & after cooking, eating, etc. can help prevent illness · Agree	69 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	90 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	159 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Washing hands with soap before & after cooking, eating, etc. can help prevent illness · Neutral (neither agree or disagree)	1 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	2 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	3 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Washing hands with soap before & after cooking, eating, etc. can help prevent illness · Disagree	5 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	6 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	11 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Washing hands with soap before & after cooking, eating, etc. can help prevent illness · Strongly disagree	3 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	5 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	8 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices After six months, breast milk nourishes my baby · Strongly agree	10 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	12 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	22 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices After six months, breast milk nourishes my baby · Agree	10 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	22 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	32 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices After six months, breast milk nourishes my baby · Neutral (neither agree or disagree)	0 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	2 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	2 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices After six months, breast milk nourishes my baby · Disagree	93 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	100 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	193 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Mother's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices After six months, breast milk nourishes my baby · Strongly disagree	92 Participants n=205 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	147 Participants n=283 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.	239 Participants n=488 Participants • This measure is for mother participants only.
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Leafy greens will provide my baby with important nutrients · Strongly agree	23 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	20 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	43 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Leafy greens will provide my baby with important nutrients · Agree	21 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	36 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	57 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Leafy greens will provide my baby with important nutrients · Neutral (neither agree or disagree)	1 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	9 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	10 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Leafy greens will provide my baby with important nutrients · Disagree	0 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	0 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	0 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Leafy greens will provide my baby with important nutrients · Strongly disagree	0 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	1 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	1 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Eating animal source foods can prevent anemia · Strongly agree	22 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	16 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	38 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Eating animal source foods can prevent anemia · Agree	22 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	41 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	63 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Eating animal source foods can prevent anemia · Neutral (neither agree or disagree)	0 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	5 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	5 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Eating animal source foods can prevent anemia · Disagree	1 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	3 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	4 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Eating animal source foods can prevent anemia · Strongly disagree	0 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	1 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	1 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Feeding my baby multiple times a day is important for his/her growth and development · Strongly agree	16 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	15 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	31 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Feeding my baby multiple times a day is important for his/her growth and development · Agree	17 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	31 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	48 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Feeding my baby multiple times a day is important for his/her growth and development · Neutral (neither agree or disagree)	3 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	8 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	11 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Feeding my baby multiple times a day is important for his/her growth and development · Disagree	7 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	11 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	18 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Feeding my baby multiple times a day is important for his/her growth and development · Strongly disagree	2 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	1 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	3 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Feeding my baby orange fruits and vegetables can help their eye health and prevent illness · Strongly agree	25 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	21 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	46 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Feeding my baby orange fruits and vegetables can help their eye health and prevent illness · Agree	18 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	42 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	60 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Feeding my baby orange fruits and vegetables can help their eye health and prevent illness · Neutral (neither agree or disagree)	2 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	3 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	5 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Feeding my baby orange fruits and vegetables can help their eye health and prevent illness · Disagree	0 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	0 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	0 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Feeding my baby orange fruits and vegetables can help their eye health and prevent illness · Strongly disagree	0 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	0 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	0 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices It is important to limit the amount of sweet and fried foods my baby consumes · Strongly agree	21 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	15 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	36 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices It is important to limit the amount of sweet and fried foods my baby consumes · Agree	17 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	33 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	50 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices It is important to limit the amount of sweet and fried foods my baby consumes · Neutral (neither agree or disagree)	2 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	5 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	7 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices It is important to limit the amount of sweet and fried foods my baby consumes · Disagree	3 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	8 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	11 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices It is important to limit the amount of sweet and fried foods my baby consumes · Strongly disagree	2 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	5 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	7 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Clear or liquid porridge nourishes my baby · Strongly agree	22 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	21 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	43 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Clear or liquid porridge nourishes my baby · Agree	23 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	42 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	65 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Clear or liquid porridge nourishes my baby · Neutral (neither agree or disagree)	0 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	3 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	3 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Clear or liquid porridge nourishes my baby · Disagree	0 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	0 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	0 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Clear or liquid porridge nourishes my baby · Strongly disagree	0 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	0 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	0 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Washing hands with soap before & after cooking, eating, etc. can help prevent illness · Strongly agree	28 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	33 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	61 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Washing hands with soap before & after cooking, eating, etc. can help prevent illness · Agree	17 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	31 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	48 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Washing hands with soap before & after cooking, eating, etc. can help prevent illness · Neutral (neither agree or disagree)	0 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	1 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	1 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Washing hands with soap before & after cooking, eating, etc. can help prevent illness · Disagree	0 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	1 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	1 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices Washing hands with soap before & after cooking, eating, etc. can help prevent illness · Strongly disagree	0 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	0 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	0 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices After six months, breast milk nourishes my baby · Strongly agree	8 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	5 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	13 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices After six months, breast milk nourishes my baby · Agree	5 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	10 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	15 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices After six months, breast milk nourishes my baby · Neutral (neither agree or disagree)	3 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	4 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	7 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices After six months, breast milk nourishes my baby · Disagree	13 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	31 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	44 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).
Father's beliefs regarding infant and young child feeding practices After six months, breast milk nourishes my baby · Strongly disagree	16 Participants n=45 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	16 Participants n=66 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).	32 Participants n=111 Participants • Few of the fathers included in the triad were available (because they were working in farming fields or working outside the household in other occupations) to complete the surveys asking about their infant and young child feeding knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, these fathers still received the intervention (if in the experimental group).

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: At study completion, an average of 4 months after baseline

Population: Children in both the control group and the intervention group.

The minimum acceptable diet indicator will be used to assess diet quality in children. A list-based recall will be used to assess dietary intake over the previous day. The 24-hour recall will be used to calculate minimum dietary diversity (MDD) (consuming 5 or more of 8 food groups (breast milk; grains, roots, tubers and plantains; pulses (beans, peas, lentils), nuts and seeds; dairy products (milk, infant formula, yogurt, cheese); flesh foods (meat, fish, poultry, organ meats); eggs; vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables; other fruit and vegetables) and minimum meal frequency (MMF) (2x/day for breastfed infants 6-8 months; 3x/day for breastfed children 9-23 months; 4x/day for non-breastfed children 6-23 months). Children who meet the thresholds for both MDD and MMF are defined as consuming a MAD, based on the WHO/UNICEF IYCF indicator.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=205 Participants The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention n=283 Participants The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.	Control Group: Fathers in Triad The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention: Fathers in Triad The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.
Number of Children Who Consume a Minimum Acceptable Diet Consumed minimum acceptable diet (MAD)	67 Participants	92 Participants	—	—
Number of Children Who Consume a Minimum Acceptable Diet Did not consume minimum acceptable diet	138 Participants	191 Participants	—	—

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: At study completion, an average of 4 months after baseline

Population: Children in both control and intervention group post intervention implementation. The number of children included in the sample is smaller than the participant flow module given that not all children completed the hemoglobin measurement due to not consenting to it or because the child was not present at the time of data collection.

Hemocue Hb301 machines to measure hemoglobin levels in children in order to determine anemia prevalence using the WHO cut-offs: mild 10 ≤ hb < 11 g/dl; moderate 7 ≤ hb < 10 d/dl and severe hb < 7 g/dl. A finger prick will be used to obtain a drop of capillary blood that is placed on a cuvette and inserted in the Hemocue machine to obtain an on-the-spot assessment of hemoglobin levels.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=170 Participants The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention n=236 Participants The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.	Control Group: Fathers in Triad The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention: Fathers in Triad The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.
Anemia Prevalence of Children Anemia	123 Participants	154 Participants	—	—
Anemia Prevalence of Children No anemia	47 Participants	82 Participants	—	—

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Between baseline and study completion, an average of 4 months after baseline

Population: Analysis of children in control and intervention group, post-intervention implementation.

The change in percentage of children meeting the minimum acceptable diet indicator between baseline and endline will be used to assess diet quality in children. A list-based recall will be used to assess dietary intake over the previous day. The 24-hour recall will be used to calculate minimum dietary diversity (MDD) (consuming 5 or more of 8 food groups (breast milk; grains, roots, tubers and plantains; pulses (beans, peas, lentils), nuts and seeds; dairy products (milk, infant formula, yogurt, cheese); flesh foods (meat, fish, poultry, organ meats); eggs; vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables; other fruit and vegetables) and minimum meal frequency (MMF) (2x/day for breastfed infants 6-8 months; 3x/day for breastfed children 9-23 months; 4x/day for non-breastfed children 6-23 months). Children who meet the thresholds for both MDD and MMF are defined as consuming a MAD, based on the WHO/UNICEF IYCF indicator.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=205 Participants The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention n=283 Participants The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.	Control Group: Fathers in Triad The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention: Fathers in Triad The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.
Change in Percentage of Children Consuming a Minimum Acceptable Diet Between Baseline and Endline	18.5 percent of participants	23.7 percent of participants	—	—

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Between baseline and study completion, an average of 4 months after baseline

Population: Children in control and intervention group, post-intervention implementation

We will use Hemocue Hb301 machines to measure hemoglobin levels in children in order to determine anemia prevalence using the WHO cut-offs: mild 10 ≤ hb < 11 g/dl; moderate 7 ≤ hb < 10 d/dl and severe hb < 7 g/dl. A finger prick will be used to obtain a drop of capillary blood that is placed on a cuvette and inserted in the Hemocue machine to obtain an on-the-spot assessment of hemoglobin levels. The change in child anemia prevalence between baseline and endline will be examined (calculated as endline-baseline/baseline*100).

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=170 Participants The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention n=236 Participants The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.	Control Group: Fathers in Triad The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention: Fathers in Triad The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.
Change in Percentage of Children With Anemia Between Baseline and Endline	2.9 percent of participants	-3.8 percent of participants	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At study completion, an average of 4 months after baseline

Population: We have some missing data for children at endline.

The frequency of the child consuming specific foods targeted in the intervention over the course of the previous week (7 days) will be assessed. More specifically, the number of times that the following foods have been consumed will be assessed: animal source foods, leafy greens, orange colored fruits and vegetables, thick porridge, porridge mixed with nutrient-rich foods, sweets and sugary drinks, fried foods.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=177 Participants The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention n=239 Participants The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.	Control Group: Fathers in Triad The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention: Fathers in Triad The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.
Frequency of Child Consuming Key Foods in the Past 7 Days Frequency of consuming orange fruits and/or vegetables over past 7 days	4.7 Times key foods consumed in past 7 days Standard Deviation 2.85	4.97 Times key foods consumed in past 7 days Standard Deviation 2.77	—	—
Frequency of Child Consuming Key Foods in the Past 7 Days Frequency of consuming animal source foods over past 7 days	4.40 Times key foods consumed in past 7 days Standard Deviation 2.94	4.55 Times key foods consumed in past 7 days Standard Deviation 2.93	—	—
Frequency of Child Consuming Key Foods in the Past 7 Days Frequency of consuming leafy greens over past 7 days	2.03 Times key foods consumed in past 7 days Standard Deviation 2.79	2.05 Times key foods consumed in past 7 days Standard Deviation 2.6	—	—
Frequency of Child Consuming Key Foods in the Past 7 Days Frequency of consuming thick porridge over past 7 days	8.88 Times key foods consumed in past 7 days Standard Deviation 13.95	9.51 Times key foods consumed in past 7 days Standard Deviation 14.31	—	—
Frequency of Child Consuming Key Foods in the Past 7 Days Frequency of consuming porridge mixed with nutrient rich foods over past 7 days	3.47 Times key foods consumed in past 7 days Standard Deviation 4.49	3.51 Times key foods consumed in past 7 days Standard Deviation 4.40	—	—
Frequency of Child Consuming Key Foods in the Past 7 Days Frequency of consuming sugary foods over the past 7 days	6.72 Times key foods consumed in past 7 days Standard Deviation 5.25	6.52 Times key foods consumed in past 7 days Standard Deviation 5.16	—	—
Frequency of Child Consuming Key Foods in the Past 7 Days Frequency of consuming fried foods over the past 7 days	1.77 Times key foods consumed in past 7 days Standard Deviation 2.48	1.69 Times key foods consumed in past 7 days Standard Deviation 2.52	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At study completion, an average of 4 months after baseline

Population: We have missing data for some children at endline leading to a smaller sample size

The WHO/UNICEF IYCF indicators will be used to assess feeding practices. Mothers will be asked about feeding practices as part of the household surveys. The indicators include: ever breastfed, early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusively breastfed for the first two days after birth, bottle feeding 0-23 months, continued breastfeeding 12-23 months, introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods 6-8 months, egg and/or flesh food consumption, sweet beverage consumption, unhealthy food consumption, and zero vegetable or fruit. The proportion of children being fed according to the detailed descriptions of these indicators will be assessed based on the WHO/UNICEF IYCF indicator manual.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=205 Participants The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention n=283 Participants The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.	Control Group: Fathers in Triad The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention: Fathers in Triad The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.
Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices Indicators Bottle feeding · Yes	10 Participants	18 Participants	—	—
Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices Indicators Bottle feeding · No	167 Participants	221 Participants	—	—
Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices Indicators Egg and/or flesh food consumption · Yes	123 Participants	168 Participants	—	—
Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices Indicators Egg and/or flesh food consumption · No	82 Participants	115 Participants	—	—
Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices Indicators Sweet beverage consumption · Yes	93 Participants	178 Participants	—	—
Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices Indicators Sweet beverage consumption · No	112 Participants	105 Participants	—	—
Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices Indicators Unhealthy food consumption · Yes	107 Participants	156 Participants	—	—
Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices Indicators Unhealthy food consumption · No	98 Participants	127 Participants	—	—
Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices Indicators Zero vegetable or fruit consumption · Yes	25 Participants	25 Participants	—	—
Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices Indicators Zero vegetable or fruit consumption · No	180 Participants	258 Participants	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At study completion, an average of 4 months after baseline

Population: We report the mothers' and fathers' beliefs related to infant and young child feeding practices. There is some missing data which is why we have a smaller sample size. For fathers, very few were present to participate in survey questions. However, fathers in experimental group still received the intervention if they did not participate in the survey.

IYCF knowledge, attitudes, norms and intentions will be assessed using survey questions based on the components of the intervention. Both mothers and fathers will be asked the survey questions as part of the household survey. The questions are grounded in the theory of planned behavior and based on previously published IYCF knowledge, attitudes, norms and intentions questions. The questions have been pilot tested by the project PI.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=177 Participants The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention n=239 Participants The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.	Control Group: Fathers in Triad n=28 Participants The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention: Fathers in Triad n=48 Participants The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Eating animal source foods can prevent anemia · Agree	83 Participants	111 Participants	13 Participants	24 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Leafy greens will provide my baby with important nutrients · Strongly agree	93 Participants	113 Participants	15 Participants	25 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Eating animal source foods can prevent anemia · Neutral (neither agree or disagree)	6 Participants	2 Participants	0 Participants	1 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Eating animal source foods can prevent anemia · Disagree	1 Participants	4 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Eating animal source foods can prevent anemia · Strongly disagree	1 Participants	1 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Feeding my baby multiple times a day is important for his/her growth and development · Strongly agree	76 Participants	103 Participants	15 Participants	23 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Feeding my baby multiple times a day is important for his/her growth and development · Agree	74 Participants	83 Participants	9 Participants	20 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Feeding my baby multiple times a day is important for his/her growth and development · Neutral (neither agree or disagree)	6 Participants	13 Participants	1 Participants	0 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Leafy greens will provide my baby with important nutrients · Agree	69 Participants	101 Participants	12 Participants	22 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Leafy greens will provide my baby with important nutrients · Neutral (neither agree or disagree)	11 Participants	16 Participants	1 Participants	1 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Leafy greens will provide my baby with important nutrients · Disagree	4 Participants	5 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Leafy greens will provide my baby with important nutrients · Strongly disagree	0 Participants	4 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Eating animal source foods can prevent anemia · Strongly agree	86 Participants	121 Participants	15 Participants	23 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Feeding my baby multiple times a day is important for his/her growth and development · Disagree	16 Participants	36 Participants	3 Participants	5 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Feeding my baby multiple times a day is important for his/her growth and development · Strongly disagree	5 Participants	4 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Feeding my baby orange fruits and vegetables can help their eye health and prevent illness · Strongly agree	86 Participants	126 Participants	16 Participants	26 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Feeding my baby orange fruits and vegetables can help their eye health and prevent illness · Agree	89 Participants	110 Participants	11 Participants	21 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Feeding my baby orange fruits and vegetables can help their eye health and prevent illness · Neutral (neither agree or disagree)	2 Participants	3 Participants	1 Participants	1 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Feeding my baby orange fruits and vegetables can help their eye health and prevent illness · Disagree	0 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Feeding my baby orange fruits and vegetables can help their eye health and prevent illness · Strongly disagree	0 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions It is important to limit the amount of sweet and fried foods my baby consumes · Strongly agree	55 Participants	58 Participants	13 Participants	21 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions It is important to limit the amount of sweet and fried foods my baby consumes · Agree	67 Participants	89 Participants	7 Participants	14 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions It is important to limit the amount of sweet and fried foods my baby consumes · Neutral (neither agree or disagree)	20 Participants	24 Participants	2 Participants	2 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions It is important to limit the amount of sweet and fried foods my baby consumes · Disagree	17 Participants	38 Participants	3 Participants	6 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions It is important to limit the amount of sweet and fried foods my baby consumes · Strongly disagree	18 Participants	30 Participants	3 Participants	5 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Clear or liquid porridge nourishes my baby · Strongly agree	63 Participants	93 Participants	9 Participants	24 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Clear or liquid porridge nourishes my baby · Agree	89 Participants	120 Participants	18 Participants	22 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Clear or liquid porridge nourishes my baby · Neutral (neither agree or disagree)	12 Participants	4 Participants	0 Participants	1 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Clear or liquid porridge nourishes my baby · Disagree	8 Participants	17 Participants	1 Participants	1 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Clear or liquid porridge nourishes my baby · Strongly disagree	5 Participants	5 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Washing my hands with soap before and after cooking, eating, etc. can help prevent illness · Strongly agree	104 Participants	144 Participants	16 Participants	29 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Washing my hands with soap before and after cooking, eating, etc. can help prevent illness · Agree	73 Participants	92 Participants	12 Participants	19 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Washing my hands with soap before and after cooking, eating, etc. can help prevent illness · Neutral (neither agree or disagree)	0 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Washing my hands with soap before and after cooking, eating, etc. can help prevent illness · Disagree	0 Participants	1 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Washing my hands with soap before and after cooking, eating, etc. can help prevent illness · Strongly disagree	0 Participants	2 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions After six months, breast milk nourishes my baby · Strongly agree	23 Participants	21 Participants	6 Participants	10 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions After six months, breast milk nourishes my baby · Agree	36 Participants	36 Participants	6 Participants	13 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions After six months, breast milk nourishes my baby · Neutral (neither agree or disagree)	1 Participants	2 Participants	9 Participants	12 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions After six months, breast milk nourishes my baby · Disagree	49 Participants	75 Participants	7 Participants	13 Participants
Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions After six months, breast milk nourishes my baby · Strongly disagree	68 Participants	105 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At study completion, an average of 4 months after baseline

Minimum meal frequency of (semi) solid or soft foods is assessed by examining the proportion of young children consuming foods: 2x/day for breastfed infants 6-8 months; 3x/day for breastfed children 9-23 months; 4x/day for non-breastfed children 6-23 months)

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=205 Participants The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention n=283 Participants The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.	Control Group: Fathers in Triad The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention: Fathers in Triad The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.
Number of Children Consuming Minimum Meal Frequency Consumed minimum meal frequency	121 Participants	142 Participants	—	—
Number of Children Consuming Minimum Meal Frequency Did not consume minimum meal frequency	84 Participants	141 Participants	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At study completion, an average of 4 months after baseline

Population: Population includes children in the study. We had missing data for some children at endline, which is the reason for the smaller sample size

The proportion of young children consuming 5 or more of 8 food groups (breast milk; grains, roots, tubers and plantains; pulses (beans, peas, lentils), nuts and seeds; dairy products (milk, infant formula, yogurt, cheese); flesh foods (meat, fish, poultry, organ meats); eggs; vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables; other fruit and vegetables)

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=176 Participants The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention n=238 Participants The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.	Control Group: Fathers in Triad The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention: Fathers in Triad The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.
Number of Children Consuming Minimum Dietary Diversity Did not meet minimum dietary diversity	85 Participants	102 Participants	—	—
Number of Children Consuming Minimum Dietary Diversity Met minimum dietary diversity	91 Participants	136 Participants	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Between baseline and study completion, an average of 4 months after baseline

Population: We have missing data for some variables, which is why there are smaller numbers. In addition, we had participants who consumed 0 servings at baseline which led to this variable not being able to be calculated for them.

The percent change (calculated as endline-baseline/baseline) in the frequency of consuming specific foods targeted in the intervention over the course of the previous week (7 days) will be assessed between baseline and endline. More specifically, the number of times that the following foods have been consumed will be assessed: animal source foods, leafy greens, orange colored fruits and vegetables, thick porridge, porridge mixed with nutrient-rich foods, sweets and sugary drinks, fried foods.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=177 Participants The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention n=239 Participants The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.	Control Group: Fathers in Triad The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention: Fathers in Triad The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.
Percent Change in Frequency of Consuming Key Foods in the Past 7 Days Percent change in frequency of consuming orange fruits and/or vegetables over past 7 days	44.4 percent change Standard Deviation 161.4	51.6 percent change Standard Deviation 157.3	—	—
Percent Change in Frequency of Consuming Key Foods in the Past 7 Days Percent change in frequency of consuming animal source foods over past 7 days	71.6 percent change Standard Deviation 176.5	46.1 percent change Standard Deviation 150.7	—	—
Percent Change in Frequency of Consuming Key Foods in the Past 7 Days Percent change in frequency of consuming leafy greens over past 7 days	31.1 percent change Standard Deviation 170.8	56.7 percent change Standard Deviation 208.5	—	—
Percent Change in Frequency of Consuming Key Foods in the Past 7 Days Percent change in frequency of consuming thick porridge over past 7 days	5.2 percent change Standard Deviation 268.5	15.0 percent change Standard Deviation 288.3	—	—
Percent Change in Frequency of Consuming Key Foods in the Past 7 Days Percent change in frequency of consuming porridge mixed with nutrient rich foods over past 7 days	52.0 percent change Standard Deviation 282.8	48.6 percent change Standard Deviation 270.9	—	—
Percent Change in Frequency of Consuming Key Foods in the Past 7 Days Percent change in frequency of consuming sugary foods over the past 7 days	90.7 percent change Standard Deviation 276.8	117.2 percent change Standard Deviation 315.0	—	—
Percent Change in Frequency of Consuming Key Foods in the Past 7 Days Percent change in frequency of consuming fried foods over the past 7 days	17.7 percent change Standard Deviation 187.4	-35.1 percent change Standard Deviation 123.8	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Between baseline and study completion, an average of 4 months after baseline

Population: We have some missing data. In these cases, the sample size is lower than the total sample.

The change in percentage of children being fed according to the recommended IYCF practices between baseline and endline. The WHO/UNICEF IYCF indicators will be used to assess feeding practices. Mothers will be asked about feeding practices as part of the household surveys. The indicators include: ever breastfed, early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusively breastfed for the first two days after birth, bottle feeding 0-23 months, continued breastfeeding 12-23 months, introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods 6-8 months, egg and/or flesh food consumption, sweet beverage consumption, unhealthy food consumption, and zero vegetable or fruit.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=205 Participants The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention n=283 Participants The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.	Control Group: Fathers in Triad The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention: Fathers in Triad The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.
Change in Percentage of Children Meeting Recommended Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices Indicators Change in percentage of children bottle fed	-11.9 percent of participants	-7.3 percent of participants	—	—
Change in Percentage of Children Meeting Recommended Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices Indicators Change in percentage of children fed egg and/or flesh food consumption	13.7 percent of participants	21.2 percent of participants	—	—
Change in Percentage of Children Meeting Recommended Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices Indicators Change in percentage of children fed sweet beverage consumption	17.1 percent of participants	15.6 percent of participants	—	—
Change in Percentage of Children Meeting Recommended Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices Indicators Change in percentage of children fed unhealthy food	7.3 percent of participants	11.7 percent of participants	—	—
Change in Percentage of Children Meeting Recommended Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices Indicators Change in percentage of children fed zero vegetable or fruit	-11.7 percent of participants	-22.3 percent of participants	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Between baseline and study completion, an average of 4 months after baseline

The change in the percentage of children meeting the minimum meal frequency (MMF) indicator between baseline and endline will be assessed. Minimum meal frequency of (semi) solid or soft foods is assessed by examining the proportion of young children consuming foods: 2x/day for breastfed infants 6-8 months; 3x/day for breastfed children 9-23 months; 4x/day for non-breastfed children 6-23 months.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=205 Participants The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention n=283 Participants The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.	Control Group: Fathers in Triad The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention: Fathers in Triad The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.
Change in Percentage of Children Meeting Minimum Meal Frequency Indicator	20.5 percent of participants	21.6 percent of participants	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Between baseline and study completion, an average of 4 months after baseline

Population: We have some missing data for some children. Numbers reported are for endline time point.

The change in the percentage of young children consuming 5 or more of 8 food groups (breast milk; grains, roots, tubers and plantains; pulses (beans, peas, lentils), nuts and seeds; dairy products (milk, infant formula, yogurt, cheese); flesh foods (meat, fish, poultry, organ meats); eggs; vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables; other fruit and vegetables) between baseline and endline.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=176 Participants The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention n=238 Participants The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.	Control Group: Fathers in Triad The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention: Fathers in Triad The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.
Change in Percentage of Children Meeting Minimum Dietary Diversity	29.3 percent of participants	36.6 percent of participants	—	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Between baseline and study completion, an average of 4 months after baseline

Population: Mother's of children included in study sample. We have some missing data related to mother's IYCF beliefs. For this reason, the sample size is smaller than the whole sample.

The change in percentage of mothers/fathers with specific IYCF knowledge, attitudes, norms and intentions between baseline and endline will be assessed using survey questions based on the components of the intervention. Mothers will be asked the survey questions as part of the household survey. The questions are grounded in the theory of planned behavior and based on previously published IYCF knowledge, attitudes, norms and intentions questions.

Outcome measures

Measure	Control Group n=177 Participants The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention n=239 Participants The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.	Control Group: Fathers in Triad n=28 Participants The control group will not receive any intervention. After the endline data collection is completed, the intervention will be delivered to the control group.	Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention: Fathers in Triad n=48 Participants The voice messaging intervention group will receive voice/text messages for a period of 16 weeks. Infant and young child feeding voice messaging intervention: A mobile voice and text messaging intervention aimed at improving IYCF practices will be delivered to mothers and fathers with young children (6-23 months). A total of 16 voice and text message, with the same content, will be sent over a 16-week period (1 voice + 1 text messages (with same content) per week x 16 weeks). Two types of messages will be included: 1) eight scripted and 2) eight unscripted messages from positive deviants. The content of the messages include: breastfeeding until two years of age, consuming a variety of foods within a given meal, the consistency of porridge (thick rather than thin), limiting sweets and fried foods, the importance of animal source foods, consuming vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables, consuming leafy greens, handwashing and feeding infants and young children fruits and vegetables produced by the household.
Change in Percentage of Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Change in percentage of mothers/fathers strongly agreeing leafy greens provide important nutrients	19.4 percent of participants	16.9 percent of participants	2.5 percent of participants	21.8 percent of participants
Change in Percentage of Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Change in percentage of mothers/fathers strongly agreeing animal source foods can prevent anemia	5.7 percent of participants	6.8 percent of participants	4.7 percent of participants	23.7 percent of participants
Change in Percentage of Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Change in percentage of mothers/fathers strongly agree feeding baby multiple times/day is important	6.8 percent of participants	9.2 percent of participants	18.0 percent of participants	25.2 percent of participants
Change in Percentage of Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Change in percentage of mothers/fathers strongly agree feeding orange fruits/vegetables is important	1.3 percent of participants	2.9 percent of participants	1.6 percent of participants	22.4 percent of participants
Change in Percentage of Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Change in percentage of mothers/fathers strongly agree that limiting amount of sweet and fried foods	-8.0 percent of participants	-10.4 percent of participants	-0.2 percent of participants	21.0 percent of participants
Change in Percentage of Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Change in percentage of mothers/fathers that strongly agree clear or liquid porridge nourishes baby	-11.7 percent of participants	-6.3 percent of participants	-16.8 percent of participants	18.2 percent of participants
Change in Percentage of Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Change in percentage of mothers/fathers that strongly agree about importance of washing hands	-3.2 percent of participants	-3.4 percent of participants	-5.1 percent of participants	10.4 percent of participants
Change in Percentage of Mothers and Fathers Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge, Attitudes, Norms and Intentions Change in percentage of mothers/fathers that believe breast milk nourishes baby after 6 mths	8.1 percent of participants	4.6 percent of participants	3.7 percent of participants	13.3 percent of participants

Adverse Events

Control Group - Children

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Control Group - Mothers

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Control Group - Fathers

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Infant and Young Child Feeding - (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention - Children

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Infant and Young Child Feeding - (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention - Mothers

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Infant and Young Child Feeding - (IYCF) Voice Messaging Intervention - Fathers

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Shauna Downs

Rutgers School of Public Health

Phone: 973-972-7212

Email: sd1081@sph.rutgers.edu

Results disclosure agreements

• Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
• Publication restrictions are in place