Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
980 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2022-06-13
2024-09-30
Brief Summary
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The Thinking Healthy Program (THP) is an evidence based task-shifted low intensity psychosocial intervention, recommended by the World Health Organization for the treatment of perinatal depression. The investigators developed a technology-assisted version of Thinking Healthy Program (THP-TA) which allows peers to deliver the THP, while ensuring minimal resources for training of delivery agents and ensuring adequate fidelity.
Method
This is a non-inferiority, pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial designed to test the primary hypothesis that technology assisted delivery of THP is not worse than THP intervention delivered by community health workers, in increasing perinatal depression remission rates at 3 months postnatal. In addition, this study will also test the effectiveness of the THP-TA in improving recovery from perinatal depression at 6 months postpartum, quality of life and social support. This study also aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the THP-TA.
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Detailed Description
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Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
DOUBLE
Study Groups
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Technology assisted Thinking Healthy Program delivered by peers
A technology adapted version of the Thinking Healthy Program (THP) delivered by peers using multimedia android based app. The bespoke android app leverages human-centered design and makes use of 2-d videos demonstrating narrative scripts delivered by culturally appropriate animated avatars representing depressed mothers, families, peers and mental health experts.
It is designed as a low intensity psychosocial multicomponent intervention based on cognitive behavioral approaches. The THP improves depression through psychoeducation, behavior activation, thought challenging, improving problem solving skills and by activating social support networks.
The intervention program comprises of 8 sessions delivered by trained peers.
Technology assisted Thinking Healthy Program (THP-TA)
A technology adapted version of the Thinking Healthy Program (THP) delivered by peers using multimedia android based app.
Standard Thinking Healthy Program delivered by community health workers
The Thinking Healthy Programme (THP) is a CBT-based manualised paper version of the intervention targeting women with perinatal depression in low socioeconomic settings.
The CBT techniques include guided discovery using illustrated brief vignettes, behavioural activation, and problem solving. Non-specific techniques include empathic listening and promoting social support from key family members for the mother in negotiating challenges during the perinatal period. This intervention programme is paper based utilizing reference manual, health calendar and job aid as tools for delivering content.
The intervention employs these techniques to improve outcomes in three areas: maternal well-being, mother-infant interaction and relationship with significant others. The intervention consists of 8 core sessions starting in the second or third trimester of pregnancy and continuing to 3 months postnatal.
Standard Thinking Healthy Program
This intervention paper-based manual delivered by lady health workers ie government employed community health workers with health training background.
Interventions
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Technology assisted Thinking Healthy Program (THP-TA)
A technology adapted version of the Thinking Healthy Program (THP) delivered by peers using multimedia android based app.
Standard Thinking Healthy Program
This intervention paper-based manual delivered by lady health workers ie government employed community health workers with health training background.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
2. Aged 18 years and above
3. Intent to stay in the study area for at least 1 year.
Exclusion Criteria
2. Those who do not comprehend Urdu language will be excluded.
18 Years
FEMALE
No
Sponsors
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Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University
OTHER
University of Liverpool
OTHER
Human Development Research Foundation, Pakistan
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Siham Sikander
Co-investigator
Locations
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Human Development Research Foundation
Rawalpindi, Punjab Province, Pakistan
Countries
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References
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Rahman A, Malik A, Sikander S, Roberts C, Creed F. Cognitive behaviour therapy-based intervention by community health workers for mothers with depression and their infants in rural Pakistan: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008 Sep 13;372(9642):902-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61400-2.
Sikander S, Ahmad I, Atif N, Zaidi A, Vanobberghen F, Weiss HA, Nisar A, Tabana H, Ain QU, Bibi A, Bilal S, Bibi T, Liaqat R, Sharif M, Zulfiqar S, Fuhr DC, Price LN, Patel V, Rahman A. Delivering the Thinking Healthy Programme for perinatal depression through volunteer peers: a cluster randomised controlled trial in Pakistan. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019 Feb;6(2):128-139. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30467-X.
Fuhr DC, Weobong B, Lazarus A, Vanobberghen F, Weiss HA, Singla DR, Tabana H, Afonso E, De Sa A, D'Souza E, Joshi A, Korgaonkar P, Krishna R, Price LN, Rahman A, Patel V. Delivering the Thinking Healthy Programme for perinatal depression through peers: an individually randomised controlled trial in India. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019 Feb;6(2):115-127. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30466-8.
Rahman A, Akhtar P, Hamdani SU, Atif N, Nazir H, Uddin I, Nisar A, Huma Z, Maselko J, Sikander S, Zafar S. Using technology to scale-up training and supervision of community health workers in the psychosocial management of perinatal depression: a non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial. Glob Ment Health (Camb). 2019 May 16;6:e8. doi: 10.1017/gmh.2019.7. eCollection 2019.
Maselko J, Sikander S, Turner EL, Bates LM, Ahmad I, Atif N, Baranov V, Bhalotra S, Bibi A, Bibi T, Bilal S, Biroli P, Chung E, Gallis JA, Hagaman A, Jamil A, LeMasters K, O'Donnell K, Scherer E, Sharif M, Waqas A, Zaidi A, Zulfiqar S, Rahman A. Effectiveness of a peer-delivered, psychosocial intervention on maternal depression and child development at 3 years postnatal: a cluster randomised trial in Pakistan. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 Sep;7(9):775-787. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30258-3.
Vanobberghen F, Weiss HA, Fuhr DC, Sikander S, Afonso E, Ahmad I, Atif N, Bibi A, Bibi T, Bilal S, De Sa A, D'Souza E, Joshi A, Korgaonkar P, Krishna R, Lazarus A, Liaqat R, Sharif M, Weobong B, Zaidi A, Zuliqar S, Patel V, Rahman A. Effectiveness of the Thinking Healthy Programme for perinatal depression delivered through peers: Pooled analysis of two randomized controlled trials in India and Pakistan. J Affect Disord. 2020 Mar 15;265:660-668. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.110. Epub 2019 Nov 23.
Rahman A, Malik A, Nazir H, Zaidi A, Nisar A, Waqas A, Atif N, Gibbs NK, Luo Y, Sikander S, Wang D. Technology-assisted cognitive-behavioral therapy for perinatal depression delivered by lived-experience peers: a cluster-randomized noninferiority trial. Nat Med. 2025 Jul;31(7):2196-2203. doi: 10.1038/s41591-025-03655-1. Epub 2025 Apr 8.
Rahman A, Malik A, Atif N, Nazir H, Zaidi A, Nisar A, Waqas A, Sharif M, Chen T, Wang D, Sikander S. Technology-assisted cognitive-behavior therapy delivered by peers versus standard cognitive behavior therapy delivered by community health workers for perinatal depression: study protocol of a cluster randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Trials. 2023 Aug 25;24(1):555. doi: 10.1186/s13063-023-07581-w.
Provided Documents
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Document Type: Informed Consent Form
Other Identifiers
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NIHR200817
Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT
Identifier Source: secondary_id
UoL001668
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id
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