Study Results
Results pending
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.
Recruitment Status
COMPLETED
Total Enrollment
4000 participants
Study Classification
OBSERVATIONAL
Study Start Date
2022-03-15
Study Completion Date
2023-05-30
Brief Summary
Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.
An observational cohort study to assess the clinical utility of the OxNNet Toolkit for the prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Detailed Description
Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.
The First PLUS study is a single centre, prospective, observational study recruiting 4000 women from The Harris Birthright Centre, which provides ultrasound scanning for all women who would attend King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust for their pregnancy care.
This study aims to develop a tool to provide reliable measurements of placental size and estimate the blood flow within the placenta during the first trimester of pregnancy. These metrics hope to develop a screening tool for fetal growth restriction (FGR), which is a condition in which a baby fails to grow to its full potential and can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes and is the single most common cause of stillbirth. This devastating outcome could potentially be reduced by stratifying pregnancies into high risk, allowing women to undergo additional monitoring and limiting clinician resource to those in need of it most. Stillbirth is also a serious adverse pregnancy outcome that NHS England is looking to reduce the rate of as part of their long-term plan.
Women 18 years of age or older, attending their first trimester scan during 11-14 weeks of pregnancy, who has a viable pregnancy with no more than one baby with no major defects identified during the scan will be eligible to take part.
The study will take place over 24 months and participants will undergo a single study visit in which their demographics and routine medical history will be recorded, an additional research ultrasound scan will be conducted alongside their routine scan, and blood from a sample taken as part of routine care will be used to assess the level of Placental Growth Factor (PlGF). Participants will then be followed up until the completion of their pregnancy via their pregnancy records (remote follow up) and the outcome of their pregnancy will be recorded.
This study aims to develop a tool to provide reliable measurements of placental size and estimate the blood flow within the placenta during the first trimester of pregnancy. These metrics hope to develop a screening tool for fetal growth restriction (FGR), which is a condition in which a baby fails to grow to its full potential and can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes and is the single most common cause of stillbirth. This devastating outcome could potentially be reduced by stratifying pregnancies into high risk, allowing women to undergo additional monitoring and limiting clinician resource to those in need of it most. Stillbirth is also a serious adverse pregnancy outcome that NHS England is looking to reduce the rate of as part of their long-term plan.
Women 18 years of age or older, attending their first trimester scan during 11-14 weeks of pregnancy, who has a viable pregnancy with no more than one baby with no major defects identified during the scan will be eligible to take part.
The study will take place over 24 months and participants will undergo a single study visit in which their demographics and routine medical history will be recorded, an additional research ultrasound scan will be conducted alongside their routine scan, and blood from a sample taken as part of routine care will be used to assess the level of Placental Growth Factor (PlGF). Participants will then be followed up until the completion of their pregnancy via their pregnancy records (remote follow up) and the outcome of their pregnancy will be recorded.
Conditions
See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.
Fetal Growth Complications
Pregnancy Complications
Keywords
Explore important study keywords that can help with search, categorization, and topic discovery.
Ultrasound
Fetal Growth
Pregnancy
Study Design
Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.
Observational Model Type
COHORT
Study Time Perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Interventions
Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.
Ultrasound
All study interventions/procedures will happen during the participants routine clinic visit in which they will receive their routine Ultrasound scan, followed by an additional research scan, which will take approximately 2-3 minutes. A blood sample will also be taken from participants as part of their routine pregnancy care. Residual blood from the same sample will be used to conduct an additional test to quantify Placental Growth Factor (PlGF). Participants will also be asked questions about their relevant medical history and demographic data which is also routinely collected as part of their pregnancy record.
Intervention Type
DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Eligibility Criteria
Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.
Inclusion Criteria
* Pregnant
* 18 years of age, or older
* Presenting for first-trimester combined test screening between 11+0 and 13+6 weeks of pregnancy
* Participant is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the investigation.
* Able to understand written or verbal English and able to access methods of translation.
* In the opinion of the investigator, the participant is not at risk or under stress or limited in their ability to participate in the study activities.
* 18 years of age, or older
* Presenting for first-trimester combined test screening between 11+0 and 13+6 weeks of pregnancy
* Participant is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the investigation.
* Able to understand written or verbal English and able to access methods of translation.
* In the opinion of the investigator, the participant is not at risk or under stress or limited in their ability to participate in the study activities.
Exclusion Criteria
* Participant with a multiple pregnancy (more than one viable fetus) discovered at the scan
* Participant with a non-viable pregnancy discovered at the scan (no detectable heartbeat)
* Pregnancies with major defects identified during 11+0 to13+6 week scan
* Any pregnancy subsequently found to be chromosomally abnormal as a result of either prenatal or postnatal testing
* Participant with a non-viable pregnancy discovered at the scan (no detectable heartbeat)
* Pregnancies with major defects identified during 11+0 to13+6 week scan
* Any pregnancy subsequently found to be chromosomally abnormal as a result of either prenatal or postnatal testing
Minimum Eligible Age
18 Years
Eligible Sex
FEMALE
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Sponsors
Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.
University of Oxford
OTHER
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Fetal Medicine Foundation
OTHER
Sponsor Role
collaborator
Perspectum
INDUSTRY
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.
Responsibility Role
SPONSOR
Principal Investigators
Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.
Kypros Nicolaides, BSc, MMBS
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Fetal Medicine Foundation
Locations
Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.
King's College Hospital NHS, Fetal Medicine Foundation
London, , United Kingdom
Site Status
Countries
Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.
United Kingdom
References
Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.
Salvesen K, Lees C, Abramowicz J, Brezinka C, Ter Haar G, Marsal K; Board of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG). ISUOG statement on the safe use of Doppler in the 11 to 13 +6-week fetal ultrasound examination. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Jun;37(6):628. doi: 10.1002/uog.9026. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Froen JF, Cacciatore J, McClure EM, Kuti O, Jokhio AH, Islam M, Shiffman J; Lancet's Stillbirths Series steering committee. Stillbirths: why they matter. Lancet. 2011 Apr 16;377(9774):1353-66. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62232-5.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Campbell HE, Kurinczuk JJ, Heazell A, Leal J, Rivero-Arias O. Healthcare and wider societal implications of stillbirth: a population-based cost-of-illness study. BJOG. 2018 Jan;125(2):108-117. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.14972. Epub 2017 Dec 14.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Cousens S, Blencowe H, Stanton C, Chou D, Ahmed S, Steinhardt L, Creanga AA, Tuncalp O, Balsara ZP, Gupta S, Say L, Lawn JE. National, regional, and worldwide estimates of stillbirth rates in 2009 with trends since 1995: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2011 Apr 16;377(9774):1319-30. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62310-0.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Pillay T, Modi N, Rivero-Arias O, Manktelow B, Seaton SE, Armstrong N, Draper ES, Dawson K, Paton A, Ismail AQT, Yang M, Boyle EM. Optimising neonatal service provision for preterm babies born between 27 and 31 weeks gestation in England (OPTI-PREM), using national data, qualitative research and economic analysis: a study protocol. BMJ Open. 2019 Aug 22;9(8):e029421. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029421.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Monier I, Blondel B, Ego A, Kaminiski M, Goffinet F, Zeitlin J. Poor effectiveness of antenatal detection of fetal growth restriction and consequences for obstetric management and neonatal outcomes: a French national study. BJOG. 2015 Mar;122(4):518-27. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.13148. Epub 2014 Oct 27.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Looney P, Stevenson GN, Nicolaides KH, Plasencia W, Molloholli M, Natsis S, Collins SL. Fully automated, real-time 3D ultrasound segmentation to estimate first trimester placental volume using deep learning. JCI Insight. 2018 Jun 7;3(11):e120178. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.120178. eCollection 2018 Jun 7.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Looney P, Yin Y, Collins SL, Nicolaides KH, Plasencia W, Molloholli M, Natsis S, Stevenson GN. Fully Automated 3-D Ultrasound Segmentation of the Placenta, Amniotic Fluid, and Fetus for Early Pregnancy Assessment. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2021 Jun;68(6):2038-2047. doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2021.3052143. Epub 2021 May 25.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Yin Y, Looney P, Collins SL. Standardization of blood flow measurements by automated vascular analysis from power Doppler ultrasound scan. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng. 2020 Feb;11314:113144C. doi: 10.1117/12.2549349. Epub 2020 Mar 16. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Welsh AW, Fowlkes JB, Pinter SZ, Ives KA, Owens GE, Rubin JM, Kripfgans OD, Looney P, Collins SL, Stevenson GN. Three-dimensional US Fractional Moving Blood Volume: Validation of Renal Perfusion Quantification. Radiology. 2019 Nov;293(2):460-468. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2019190248. Epub 2019 Oct 1.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Barker DJ, Thornburg KL. Placental programming of chronic diseases, cancer and lifespan: a review. Placenta. 2013 Oct;34(10):841-5. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.07.063. Epub 2013 Aug 2.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Barker DJP. Fetal origins of cardiovascular disease. Ann Med. 1999;31(sup1):3-6. doi: 10.1080/07853890.1999.11904392.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Barker DJ. Adult consequences of fetal growth restriction. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jun;49(2):270-83. doi: 10.1097/00003081-200606000-00009.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Rolnik DL, Wright D, Poon LC, O'Gorman N, Syngelaki A, de Paco Matallana C, Akolekar R, Cicero S, Janga D, Singh M, Molina FS, Persico N, Jani JC, Plasencia W, Papaioannou G, Tenenbaum-Gavish K, Meiri H, Gizurarson S, Maclagan K, Nicolaides KH. Aspirin versus Placebo in Pregnancies at High Risk for Preterm Preeclampsia. N Engl J Med. 2017 Aug 17;377(7):613-622. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1704559. Epub 2017 Jun 28.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Mosimann B, Pfiffner C, Amylidi-Mohr S, Risch L, Surbek D, Raio L. First trimester combined screening for preeclampsia and small for gestational age - a single centre experience and validation of the FMF screening algorithm. Swiss Med Wkly. 2017 Aug 25;147:w14498. doi: 10.4414/smw.2017.14498. eCollection 2017.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Collins SL, Birks JS, Stevenson GN, Papageorghiou AT, Noble JA, Impey L. Measurement of spiral artery jets: general principles and differences observed in small-for-gestational-age pregnancies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Aug;40(2):171-8. doi: 10.1002/uog.10149.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Collins SL, Welsh AW, Impey L, Noble JA, Stevenson GN. 3D fractional moving blood volume (3D-FMBV) demonstrates decreased first trimester placental vascularity in pre-eclampsia but not the term, small for gestation age baby. PLoS One. 2017 Jun 1;12(6):e0178675. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178675. eCollection 2017.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Wareing M, Myers JE, O'Hara M, Baker PN. Sildenafil citrate (Viagra) enhances vasodilatation in fetal growth restriction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 May;90(5):2550-5. doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-1831. Epub 2005 Feb 15.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Cottrell E, Tropea T, Ormesher L, Greenwood S, Wareing M, Johnstone E, Myers J, Sibley C. Dietary interventions for fetal growth restriction - therapeutic potential of dietary nitrate supplementation in pregnancy. J Physiol. 2017 Aug 1;595(15):5095-5102. doi: 10.1113/JP273331. Epub 2017 Feb 27.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Dilworth MR, Andersson I, Renshall LJ, Cowley E, Baker P, Greenwood S, Sibley CP, Wareing M. Sildenafil citrate increases fetal weight in a mouse model of fetal growth restriction with a normal vascular phenotype. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 30;8(10):e77748. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077748. eCollection 2013.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Jones TB, Price RR, Gibbs SJ. Volumetric determination of placental and uterine growth relationships from B-mode ultrasound by serial area-volume determinations. Invest Radiol. 1981 Mar-Apr;16(2):101-6. doi: 10.1097/00004424-198103000-00005.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Collins SL, Stevenson GN, Noble JA, Impey L. Rapid calculation of standardized placental volume at 11 to 13 weeks and the prediction of small for gestational age babies. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2013 Feb;39(2):253-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.09.003. Epub 2012 Dec 4.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Law LW, Leung TY, Sahota DS, Chan LW, Fung TY, Lau TK. Which ultrasound or biochemical markers are independent predictors of small-for-gestational age? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Sep;34(3):283-7. doi: 10.1002/uog.6455.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Hafner E, Metzenbauer M, Hofinger D, Stonek F, Schuchter K, Waldhor T, Philipp K. Comparison between three-dimensional placental volume at 12 weeks and uterine artery impedance/notching at 22 weeks in screening for pregnancy-induced hypertension, pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction in a low-risk population. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jun;27(6):652-7. doi: 10.1002/uog.2641.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Farina A. Systematic review on first trimester three-dimensional placental volumetry predicting small for gestational age infants. Prenat Diagn. 2016 Feb;36(2):135-41. doi: 10.1002/pd.4754. Epub 2016 Jan 19.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Stevenson GN, Collins SL, Ding J, Impey L, Noble JA. 3-D Ultrasound Segmentation of the Placenta Using the Random Walker Algorithm: Reliability and Agreement. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2015 Dec;41(12):3182-93. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.07.021. Epub 2015 Sep 1.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Cheong KB, Leung KY, Li TK, Chan HY, Lee YP, Tang MH. Comparison of inter- and intraobserver agreement and reliability between three different types of placental volume measurement technique (XI VOCAL, VOCAL and multiplanar) and validity in the in-vitro setting. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Aug;36(2):210-7. doi: 10.1002/uog.7609.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
RONNEBERGER O, FISCHER P, BROX T. U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation. International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention 2015;Springer:234-41.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Pijnenborg R, Vercruysse L, Hanssens M. The uterine spiral arteries in human pregnancy: facts and controversies. Placenta. 2006 Sep-Oct;27(9-10):939-58. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2005.12.006. Epub 2006 Feb 20.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Huang YH, Chen JH, Chang YC, Huang CS, Moon WK, Kuo WJ, Lai KJ, Chang RF. Diagnosis of solid breast tumors using vessel analysis in three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound images. J Digit Imaging. 2013 Aug;26(4):731-9. doi: 10.1007/s10278-012-9556-5.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Huang SF, Chang RF, Moon WK, Lee YH, Chen DR, Suri JS. Analysis of tumor vascularity using three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound images. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2008 Mar;27(3):320-30. doi: 10.1109/TMI.2007.904665.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Shia WC, Chen DR, Huang YL, Wu HK, Kuo SJ. Effectiveness of evaluating tumor vascularization using 3D power Doppler ultrasound with high-definition flow technology in the prediction of the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for T2 breast cancer: a preliminary report. Phys Med Biol. 2015 Oct 7;60(19):7763-78. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/19/7763.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
LEE TC, KASHYAP RL, CHU CN. Building Skeleton Models via 3-D Medial Surface Axis Thinning Algorithms. CVGIP: Graphical Models and Image Processing 1994;56:462-78
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
VIDELA A, LIN C-L, MILLER JD. Watershed Functions Applied to a 3D Image Segmentation Problem for the Analysis of Packed Particle Beds. Particle & Particle Systems Characterization 2006; 23: 237-45
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Rubin JM, Adler RS, Fowlkes JB, Spratt S, Pallister JE, Chen JF, Carson PL. Fractional moving blood volume: estimation with power Doppler US. Radiology. 1995 Oct;197(1):183-90. doi: 10.1148/radiology.197.1.7568820.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Yen PL, Wu HK, Tseng HS, Kuo SJ, Huang YL, Chen HT, Chen DR. Vascular morphologic information of three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound is valuable in the classification of breast lesions. Clin Imaging. 2012 Jul-Aug;36(4):267-71. doi: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2011.11.012. Epub 2012 Jun 8.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
CHIAO RY, BASHFORD GR, FEILEN MP, ANDREWS-OWEN C. Flash Artifact Suppression in Two-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging. USA, 2004 (vol U. S. Patent No. 6,760,486.).
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Looney PT, Stevenson GN, Collins SL. 3D ultrasound file reading and coordinate transformations. J Open Source Softw. 2019;4(33):1063. doi: 10.21105/joss.01063. Epub 2019 Jan 11.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
SUR F. An a-contrario approach to quasi-periodic noise removal2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 2015
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Gordijn SJ, Beune IM, Thilaganathan B, Papageorghiou A, Baschat AA, Baker PN, Silver RM, Wynia K, Ganzevoort W. Consensus definition of fetal growth restriction: a Delphi procedure. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Sep;48(3):333-9. doi: 10.1002/uog.15884.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Plasencia W, Akolekar R, Dagklis T, Veduta A, Nicolaides KH. Placental volume at 11-13 weeks' gestation in the prediction of birth weight percentile. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2011;30(1):23-8. doi: 10.1159/000324318. Epub 2011 Jun 23.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Brown MA, Lindheimer MD, de Swiet M, Van Assche A, Moutquin JM. The classification and diagnosis of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: statement from the International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy (ISSHP). Hypertens Pregnancy. 2001;20(1):IX-XIV. doi: 10.1081/PRG-100104165. No abstract available.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Riley RD, Snell KI, Ensor J, Burke DL, Harrell FE Jr, Moons KG, Collins GS. Minimum sample size for developing a multivariable prediction model: PART II - binary and time-to-event outcomes. Stat Med. 2019 Mar 30;38(7):1276-1296. doi: 10.1002/sim.7992. Epub 2018 Oct 24. Erratum In: Stat Med. 2019 Dec 30;38(30):5672. doi: 10.1002/sim.8409.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Zhan Y, Shen D, Zeng J, Sun L, Fichtinger G, Moul J, Davatzikos C. Targeted prostate biopsy using statistical image analysis. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2007 Jun;26(6):779-88. doi: 10.1109/TMI.2006.891497.
Reference Type
BACKGROUND
Other Identifiers
Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.
22/WM/0039
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id