Trial Outcomes & Findings for Babies' Expectations About Racial Interactions (NCT NCT05324007)
NCT ID: NCT05324007
Last Updated: 2024-04-24
Results Overview
Infants' looking time to affiliation vs. disengagement stimuli was measured by two coders blind to the condition that infants were assigned to. Then, the values from each coders were compared and if there was disagreement, after discussion one value was selected. Thus, the reported outcome is the single value that both coders produced or agreed upon values from the two coders.
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
128 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
After the infants completed the study (which lasted about 10 minutes), two coders viewed the video recording of the session to measure infants' looking at the affiliation and disengagement stimuli.
Results posted on
2024-04-24
Participant Flow
Infants were recruited and tested through an online platform called Lookit (lookit.mit.edu), a website developed by MIT researchers to test infants from the comforts of their homes.
No participants were excluded before assignment to arm.
Participant milestones
| Measure |
White-White
Infants will first view 4 familiarization trials, in which the two adults each take turns waving and saying a short sentence. Each trial will last 10.5s. Which adult speaks first and which side she appears on will be counterbalanced. These familiarization trials will ensure infants encode each person separately. Then infants will watch 6 test trials (3 affiliation and 3 disengagement). The test trials will alternate, and the order will be counterbalanced across infants. In affiliation trials, the two adults will say "hello" and wave, whereas in the disengagement trials, the two adults will say "hmph", and turn away from each other. Both affiliation and disengagement will have the same length (3s), with actors maintaining the same distance from each other throughout the video. The procedure will be identical for all arms except in "White-White" arm, the two adults infants see will be two White adults.
Basic Science: This is a basic science experiment to test whether infants' looking time to video stimuli differ according to the race of the individuals shown.
|
Black-Black
The procedure is identical to the "White-White" arm except the two adults infants see will be two Black adults.
Basic Science: This is a basic science experiment to test whether infants' looking time to video stimuli differ according to the race of the individuals shown.
|
Black-White
The procedure is identical to the "White-White" arm except the two adults infants see will be one White and one Black adult.
Basic Science: This is a basic science experiment to test whether infants' looking time to video stimuli differ according to the race of the individuals shown.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
43
|
43
|
42
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
30
|
30
|
30
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
13
|
13
|
12
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
Babies' Expectations About Racial Interactions
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
White-White
n=43 Participants
Infants will first view 4 familiarization trials, in which the two adults each take turns waving and saying a short sentence. Each trial will last 10.5s. Which adult speaks first and which side she appears on will be counterbalanced. These familiarization trials will ensure infants encode each person separately. Then infants will watch 6 test trials (3 affiliation and 3 disengagement). The test trials will alternate, and the order will be counterbalanced across infants. In affiliation trials, the two adults will say "hello" and wave, whereas in the disengagement trials, the two adults will say "hmph", and turn away from each other. Both affiliation and disengagement will have the same length (3s), with actors maintaining the same distance from each other throughout the video. The procedure will be identical for all arms except in "White-White" arm, the two adults infants see will be two White adults.
Basic Science: This is a basic science experiment to test whether infants' looking time to video stimuli differ according to the race of the individuals shown.
|
Black-Black
n=43 Participants
The procedure is identical to the "White-White" arm except the two adults infants see will be two Black adults.
Basic Science: This is a basic science experiment to test whether infants' looking time to video stimuli differ according to the race of the individuals shown.
|
Black-White
n=42 Participants
The procedure is identical to the "White-White" arm except the two adults infants see will be one White and one Black adult.
Basic Science: This is a basic science experiment to test whether infants' looking time to video stimuli differ according to the race of the individuals shown.
|
Total
n=128 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
333.09 days
STANDARD_DEVIATION 72.66 • n=5 Participants
|
336.33 days
STANDARD_DEVIATION 64.06 • n=7 Participants
|
327.64 days
STANDARD_DEVIATION 69.89 • n=5 Participants
|
332.39 days
STANDARD_DEVIATION 68.51 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
22 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
19 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
17 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
58 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
21 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
24 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
25 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
70 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
20 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
28 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
28 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
29 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
85 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
19 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
43 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
43 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
42 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
128 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: After the infants completed the study (which lasted about 10 minutes), two coders viewed the video recording of the session to measure infants' looking at the affiliation and disengagement stimuli.Population: We ended up excluding 38 infants from the 128 infants we recruited due to technical issues (e.g., no video of infant in the study produced or infants' study video was cut off due to internet speed), parental/family interference (e.g., parents spoke during the study or siblings interrupted), and due to infant crying and not completing the study. Thus, after exclusion, the final data sample we analyzed is 90 infants.
Infants' looking time to affiliation vs. disengagement stimuli was measured by two coders blind to the condition that infants were assigned to. Then, the values from each coders were compared and if there was disagreement, after discussion one value was selected. Thus, the reported outcome is the single value that both coders produced or agreed upon values from the two coders.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
White-White
n=30 Participants
Infants will first view 4 familiarization trials, in which the two adults each take turns waving and saying a short sentence. Each trial will last 10.5s. Which adult speaks first and which side she appears on will be counterbalanced. These familiarization trials will ensure infants encode each person separately. Then infants will watch 6 test trials (3 affiliation and 3 disengagement). The test trials will alternate, and the order will be counterbalanced across infants. In affiliation trials, the two adults will say "hello" and wave, whereas in the disengagement trials, the two adults will say "hmph", and turn away from each other. Both affiliation and disengagement will have the same length (3s), with actors maintaining the same distance from each other throughout the video. The procedure will be identical for all arms except in "White-White" arm, the two adults infants see will be two White adults.
Basic Science: This is a basic science experiment to test whether infants' looking time to video stimuli differ according to the race of the individuals shown.
|
Black-Black
n=30 Participants
The procedure is identical to the "White-White" arm except the two adults infants see will be two Black adults.
Basic Science: This is a basic science experiment to test whether infants' looking time to video stimuli differ according to the race of the individuals shown.
|
Black-White
n=30 Participants
The procedure is identical to the "White-White" arm except the two adults infants see will be one White and one Black adult.
Basic Science: This is a basic science experiment to test whether infants' looking time to video stimuli differ according to the race of the individuals shown.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Participants' Average Time Spent Looking at Stimuli According to Condition
Avg looking at affiliation
|
10.72 seconds
Standard Deviation 3.27
|
10.07 seconds
Standard Deviation 3.20
|
10.99 seconds
Standard Deviation 3.56
|
|
Participants' Average Time Spent Looking at Stimuli According to Condition
Avg looking at disengagement
|
9.53 seconds
Standard Deviation 3.10
|
10.20 seconds
Standard Deviation 2.45
|
9.65 seconds
Standard Deviation 3.52
|
Adverse Events
White-White
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Black-Black
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Black-White
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place