Trial Outcomes & Findings for The Effect of Acute Concurrent Exercise on Executive Function: An Event-Related Potential Study (NCT NCT05314634)

Last Updated: 2025-02-20

Results Overview

The shifting aspect of executive function was assessed using a computerised task-switching test. Each participant (N=78) completed 384 trials across six blocks (64 trials per block). The test consisted of two types of cognitive tasks: (1) number magnitude judgment (greater/less than 5) for digits 1-9 presented in solid-line squares, and (2) odd/even judgment for numbers presented in dotted-line squares. Performance was analysed by calculating each participant's mean response time (milliseconds) under four conditions: Homogeneous condition: Blocks where participants performed the same task repeatedly (Blocks 1 \& 2, e.g., AAAA or BBBB) Heterogeneous condition: Blocks where tasks were mixed (Blocks 3-6, e.g., AABBAA) Non-switch trials: Consecutive trials of the same task type within heterogeneous blocks (e.g., AA or BB) Switch trials: Trials where the task changed from the previous trial within heterogeneous blocks (e.g., AB or BA) Lower response time represents better task perform

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

Target enrollment

78 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

30 minutes

Results posted on

2025-02-20

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Concurrent Exercise Group, CE Participants conduct 5-min warm up, 12-min aerobic exercise, 13-min resistance exercise, and 5-min cool down. concurrent exercise: Participants conduct warm up for 5-min, aerobic exercise for 12-min, resistance exercise for 13-min, and 5-min cool down.	Aerobic Exercise Group, AE Participants conduct 5-min warm up, 25-min aerobic exercise, and 5-min cool down. aerobic exercise: Participants conduct warm up for 5-min, resistance training for 25-min, and 5-min cool down.	Reading Control Group, RC Participants conduct reading for 35 minutes.
Overall Study STARTED	26	26	26
Overall Study COMPLETED	26	26	26
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	0	0	0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

The Effect of Acute Concurrent Exercise on Executive Function: An Event-Related Potential Study

Baseline characteristics by cohort

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 30 minutes

Population: The analysis was based on participants' mean response times under four cognitive conditions (Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, Non-switch, and Switch), derived from their performance across 384 trials (6 blocks × 64 trials).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Concurrent Exercise Group, CE n=384 trials Participants conduct 5-min warm up, 12-min aerobic exercise, 13-min resistance exercise, and 5-min cool down. concurrent exercise: Participants conduct warm up for 5-min, aerobic exercise for 12-min, resistance exercise for 13-min, and 5-min cool down.	Aerobic Exercise Group, AE n=384 trials Participants conduct 5-min warm up, 25-min aerobic exercise, and 5-min cool down. aerobic exercise: Participants conduct warm up for 5-min, resistance training for 25-min, and 5-min cool down.	Reading Control Group, RC n=384 trials Participants conduct reading for 35 minutes.
Task Switch Test Response Times Heterogeneous	783.97 millisecond Standard Error 11.65	788.76 millisecond Standard Error 11.66	839.46 millisecond Standard Error 11.65
Task Switch Test Response Times Homogeneous	566.46 millisecond Standard Error 14.67	547.82 millisecond Standard Error 14.70	618.30 millisecond Standard Error 14.72
Task Switch Test Response Times Non-switch	737.73 millisecond Standard Error 11.63	753.98 millisecond Standard Error 11.62	797.48 millisecond Standard Error 11.62
Task Switch Test Response Times Switch	833.32 millisecond Standard Error 13.34	825.39 millisecond Standard Error 13.34	882.18 millisecond Standard Error 13.34

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: before intervention, 17 minutes after intervention, and immediately after the 35 minute intervention

Population: Blood lactate samples were collected from fingertip with a lancet and measured by lactate analyzer at three time points: before, 17 minutes after, and after intervention (three blood samples were collected from each participant).

The lactic acid system is one of the important systems of human energy metabolism. In addition to supplying energy to muscles, it can also be used as an energy source for brain energy metabolism. When people doing exercise, the concentration of blood lactate will be increased, and the lactate acid system will replace the glucose system as the main energy source for the brain. In the present study, blood lactate were collected from fingertip with a lancet and measured by lactate analyzer before, 17 minutes after, and after intervention.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Concurrent Exercise Group, CE n=26 Participants Participants conduct 5-min warm up, 12-min aerobic exercise, 13-min resistance exercise, and 5-min cool down. concurrent exercise: Participants conduct warm up for 5-min, aerobic exercise for 12-min, resistance exercise for 13-min, and 5-min cool down.	Aerobic Exercise Group, AE n=26 Participants Participants conduct 5-min warm up, 25-min aerobic exercise, and 5-min cool down. aerobic exercise: Participants conduct warm up for 5-min, resistance training for 25-min, and 5-min cool down.	Reading Control Group, RC n=26 Participants Participants conduct reading for 35 minutes.
Blood Lactate Before intervention	2.95 mmol/l Standard Error 0.32	3.09 mmol/l Standard Error 0.32	2.4 mmol/l Standard Error 0.32
Blood Lactate Seventeen minutes after intervention	5.58 mmol/l Standard Error 0.41	5.27 mmol/l Standard Error 0.41	2.13 mmol/l Standard Error 0.41
Blood Lactate After intervention	8.94 mmol/l Standard Error 0.44	4.65 mmol/l Standard Error 0.44	2.44 mmol/l Standard Error 0.44

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: 30 minutes

Population: Given temporal constraints, the Stroop task was not measured in this study.

The Stroop task consists of neutral, congruent, and incongruent trials. In neutral trials, colored rectangles were presented and participants were instructed to respond to whether the squares were red, blue, or green. For congruent and incongruent trials, participants were presented with the names of the three Chinese color words of 紅 (red), 藍 (blue), or 綠 (green) printed in either the same (congruent) or different (incongruent) ink color and instructed to respond to the color of the ink while inhibiting the meaning of the word.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

Adverse Events

Concurrent Exercise Group, CE

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Aerobic Exercise Group, AE

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Reading Control Group, RC

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Ruei-Hong Li

National Taiwan Normal University

Phone: +886988163220

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place

Measure	Concurrent Exercise Group, CE n=26 Participants Participants conduct 5-min warm up, 12-min aerobic exercise, 13-min resistance exercise, and 5-min cool down. concurrent exercise: Participants conduct warm up for 5-min, aerobic exercise for 12-min, resistance exercise for 13-min, and 5-min cool down.	Aerobic Exercise Group, AE n=26 Participants Participants conduct 5-min warm up, 25-min aerobic exercise, and 5-min cool down. aerobic exercise: Participants conduct warm up for 5-min, resistance training for 25-min, and 5-min cool down.	Reading Control Group, RC n=26 Participants Participants conduct reading for 35 minutes.	Total n=78 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical <=18 years	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants
Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years	26 Participants n=5 Participants	26 Participants n=7 Participants	26 Participants n=5 Participants	78 Participants n=4 Participants
Age, Categorical >=65 years	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants
Age, Continuous	22.81 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.00 • n=5 Participants	22.85 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.54 • n=7 Participants	22.81 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.90 • n=5 Participants	22.82 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.80 • n=4 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	14 Participants n=5 Participants	13 Participants n=7 Participants	13 Participants n=5 Participants	40 Participants n=4 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	12 Participants n=5 Participants	13 Participants n=7 Participants	13 Participants n=5 Participants	38 Participants n=4 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino	26 Participants n=5 Participants	26 Participants n=7 Participants	26 Participants n=5 Participants	78 Participants n=4 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	26 Participants n=5 Participants	26 Participants n=7 Participants	26 Participants n=5 Participants	78 Participants n=4 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants
Region of Enrollment Taiwan	26 participants n=5 Participants	26 participants n=7 Participants	26 participants n=5 Participants	78 participants n=4 Participants
BMI	21.25 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.02 • n=5 Participants	20.42 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.42 • n=7 Participants	21.72 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.82 • n=5 Participants	21.13 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.14 • n=4 Participants