Safety of Nebulized Combination Therapy BromAc® in COVID-19 Respiratory Disease

NCT ID: NCT05258682

Last Updated: 2022-02-28

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: UNKNOWN
• Clinical Phase: PHASE1/PHASE2
• Total Enrollment: 30 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2022-05-01
• Study Completion Date: 2022-10-30

Brief Summary

COVID-19 has multiple facets including cytokine storm, thromboembolism and gelatinous secretions. It is known that oxygen exchange is the main problem in patients with COVID-19 and hypoxia is one of the most serious, in which patients succumb to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In other severe respiratory disease such as ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), formation of biofilm in the endotracheal tube causes infection to spread to the lungs, resulting in respiratory decline and high mortality. The development of gelatinous sputum plugs correlates with negative outcome. Both groups of patients still have limited therapy options. BromAc is a potent mucolytic, biofilm degrader, cleaves the glycoproteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (antiviral), and down regulates cytokines and chemokine in COVID-19 sputum. The investigators seek to examine the safety and attempt to gain preliminary efficacy of nebulised BromAc in moderate to severe COVID-19 and other mucus producing, severe, respiratory diseases.

Detailed Description

It is well known that oxygen exchange is a major problem in patients with COVID-19 and hypoxia is one of the most serious effects, where patients succumb from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The development of mucinous sputum plugs in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 is variable in the early stages of the disease. In addition, 30-40% of patients who are in hospital have expectoration production, and in a recent study on pulmonary pathology in patients with COVID-19, subsequent tests revealed markedly increased levels of MUC1 and MUC5AC in sputum and tracheal aspirates.

Currently, there are few therapeutic agents of limited efficacy to treat or avoid the complications of COVID-19 and none directed against airway mucus. An Australian pharmaceutical company has developed BromAc for the palliative treatment of highly mucinous tumors of the appendix and lung. This drug is composed of bromelain and acetylcysteine. During pre-clinical development, the sponsor found that BromAc® rapidly dissolved and removed tumour mucin, making it a potent mucolytic. BromAc® in combination have the ability, as shown in pre-clinical studies, to remove the mucin protective framework expressed by cancer including MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC and MUC16. The sponsor has shown the mechanism of action of BromAc - to break peptide and glycosidic linkages and disulphide bonds in tumour produced and respiratory mucin.

In an in vitro study by the sponsor with Vero and CALU-3 cells infected by SARS-CoV-2 (MOI 1 to -4) and treated with BromAc, it was found that the drug was able to reduce the virus's ability to infect cells, demonstrating an antiviral potential for SARS-CoV-2, with 99.99% reduction in viral infectivity at low concentrations. In addition to the anti-viral effect, BromAc is a potent mucolytic. In laboratory studies, BromAc (125ug or 250ug/ml plus 20mg/ml Acetylcysteine) resulted in complete dissolution of severe COVID-19 sputum after a single application within 30 minutes. BromAc significantly down-regulated cytokines and chemokines in comparison to Acetylcysteine alone or control, specifically those important to COVID-19 cytokine storm CCL2, CCL3, IL-6, CXCL10. In vivo safety models in two species have received nebulised and intranasal BromAc up to 500ug/20mg/ml three times daily for five days, with no evidence of respiratory or systemic toxicity clinically or on histology.

This project will evaluate the mucolytic and anti-inflammatory effect of BromAc in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 that are not on mechanical ventilation. The investigators believe that BromAc may have a role clinically in removing the proteinaceous material from the bronchi and alveoli allowing improved ventilation, gas exchange and transfer and aim to study whether this is a potential treatment for these patients.

This therapy if safe may reduce the need for ventilation or improve the outcome of ventilation (reduced pressure, faster time to extubation, reduced secondary lung injury, reduced deaths), which will be assessed in future studies.

Conditions

COVID-19 Pneumonia; COVID-19; Ventilator Associated Pneumonia; COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Keywords

mucolytic; COVID-19; COVID-19 pneumonia; Ventilator associated pneumonia; Secondary bacterial infections

Study Design

• Allocation Method: NA
• Intervention Model: SINGLE_GROUP
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

BromAc

BromAc (Bromelain and Acetylcysteine combination) will be administered three times (3x) per day for five (5) days in a dose escalation format via inhalation using an approved vibrating mesh nebuliser (Aerogen Pro). Dose escalation concentration levels are BromAc 125ug/20mg/ml, 250ug/20mg/ml, 375ug/20mg/ml. All levels will receive 5ml of BromAc.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Bromelains

Intervention Type: DRUG

Bromelain combined with Acetylcysteine (BromAc), administered simultaneously.

Acetylcysteine

Intervention Type: DRUG

Bromelain combined with Acetylcysteine (BromAc), administered simultaneously.

Interventions

Bromelains

Bromelain combined with Acetylcysteine (BromAc), administered simultaneously.

Intervention Type: DRUG

Acetylcysteine

Bromelain combined with Acetylcysteine (BromAc), administered simultaneously.

Intervention Type: DRUG

Other Intervention Names

Bromelain; N-Acetylcysteine

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Aged 18 years to 75 years old
• Admitted to hospital for management of COVID-19 with moderate or severe disease
• Positive testing by virologic test (i.e. SARS-CoV-2 based qRT-PCR)
• Clinical signs suggestive of moderate or severe disease such as oxygen saturation (SpO2) less than 93% on room air or where the participant requires oxygen support such as nasal cannulas, mask, non-rebreather mask, high flow nasal cannulas

Exclusion Criteria

• Patients that have critical disease and are mechanically ventilated
• Undergoing other airway administered mucolytic therapy for e.g. dornase alfa within 24 hours, or are enrolled in another clinical trial for COVID-19
• Have known allergy, anaphylaxis or intolerance to pineapples, papain, bromeliads, sulphur, eggs or Acetylcysteine or any other serious allergy or intolerance to fruits or food products or any other serious allergy or allergen triggered asthma, such as dust or pollen
• Pregnant women are excluded from this study because BromAc has unknown but a potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother
• Participants with psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements.
• Are unable to give fully informed and educated consent or are unable to comply with the standard follow up procedures of a clinical trial

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 75 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

St George Hospital, Australia

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Mucpharm Pty Ltd

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Frank MP van Haren, MD, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

St George Hospital, Director of Intensive Care

Central Contacts

Sarah J Valle, BN

Role: CONTACT

Phone: 61291132070

Email: sarah@mucpharm.com

Other Identifiers

MUC-COV-003

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id