The Dietary Guidelines 3 Diet Patterns Study (DG3D): Phase 2

NCT ID: NCT05254496

Last Updated: 2024-12-16

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 198 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2022-04-04
• Study Completion Date: 2026-03-31

Brief Summary

Based on the findings of our formative work, conduct a one-year intervention among African American Adults using revised culturally tailored materials to examine differences in Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) risk factors among participants (n=198) randomized to one of the 3 dietary patterns:

1) Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern, 2) Healthy Mediterranean-Style Eating Pattern, and 3) Healthy Vegetarian Eating Pattern.

Detailed Description

The U.S. Dietary Guidelines (USDG) form the basis of federal nutrition programs and policy and provide valuable guidance to health initiatives and industries. The updated 2015 USDG moved away from a focus on individual nutrients to a greater focus on dietary patterns. The USDG state that healthy eating goals can be met through a variety of dietary patterns, but present healthy diet in three main ways: 1) Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern, 2) Healthy Mediterranean-Style Eating Pattern, and 3) Healthy Vegetarian Eating Pattern. Currently, US adults are falling short of the nutrition recommendations (fruit/vegetable intake, greens/beans, whole grains, etc.) set forth by the USDG and measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). While the USDG are the basis of nutrition guidelines, the research informing these dietary pattern recommendations has largely been drawn from observational studies among mostly white populations. In addition, there has been very limited cultural-tailoring of these dietary patterns that would ensure that these diets are acceptable to diverse populations, in particular, African Americans (AAs) living in the south, who experience a disproportionate burden of chronic disease, especially type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Currently, US adults are not meeting nutrition recommendations (fruit/vegetable, whole grains, etc.) set forth by the USDG and measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI).

For this study, AA adult participants with overweight/obesity and ≥three T2DM risk factors will be recruited to participate in the following aim:

Based on the findings of our formative work, conduct a one-year intervention using revised culturally tailored materials to examine differences in HEI and T2DM risk factors among participants (n=198) randomized to one of the 3 dietary patterns. This will result in community-based strategies around presenting dietary guidelines in a way to effectively meet nutrition recommendations leading to significant impacts on health among AA adults.

Conditions

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Obesity

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: PREVENTION
• Blinding Strategy: SINGLE

Study Groups

US Healthy Diet

Participants in this group will be assigned to follow the Healthy US dietary pattern as presented by the US Dietary Guidelines. As described here https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/usda-food-patterns: This eating pattern is based on the types and amounts of foods Americans typically consume. The main types of food in this eating pattern include a variety of vegetables; fruits; whole grains; fat-free or low-fat dairy; seafood, poultry, meat, and eggs; and nuts, seeds, and soy products.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Dietary Intervention Classes

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Participants will attend classes once per week for 6 months and then bi-weekly for 6 months.

Mediterranean diet

Participants in this group will be assigned to follow the Mediterranean dietary pattern as presented by the US Dietary Guidelines. As described here https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/usda-food-patterns: This eating pattern contains more fruits and seafood and less dairy than the Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Dietary Intervention Classes

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Participants will attend classes once per week for 6 months and then bi-weekly for 6 months.

Vegetarian diet

Participants in this group will be assigned to follow the Vegetarian dietary pattern as presented by the US Dietary Guidelines. As described here https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/usda-food-patterns: This eating pattern contains no meat, poultry, or seafood. Compared with the Healthy U.S.-Style Eating Pattern, it contains more soy products, eggs, beans and peas, nuts and seeds, and whole grains.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Dietary Intervention Classes

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Participants will attend classes once per week for 6 months and then bi-weekly for 6 months.

Interventions

Dietary Intervention Classes

Participants will attend classes once per week for 6 months and then bi-weekly for 6 months.

Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• 18-70 years of age
• BMI between 25- 49.9 kg/m2
• self-identify as African American
• live within 150 miles of the Columbia, SC area
• be able to attend all monitoring visits
• be willing to be randomized to one of the three conditions
• be free of major health or psychiatric diseases, drug or alcohol dependency, thyroid conditions, diabetes, or pregnancy

Exclusion Criteria

• should not be pregnant (or have been pregnant in the last 6 months), anticipating on becoming pregnant in the next 12 months, or currently breastfeeding

o Women who are pregnant should not be pursuing weight loss and should be under the direct care of a physician. Therefore women who are pregnant or who are anticipating they might be pregnant should not participate in this study. If a woman becomes pregnant during the study, she will be advised to consult with her healthcare provider and will be dropped from the weight loss study.

• should be free of an eating disorder as screened by the Eating disorder Screen for Primary care [ESP]. (If a participant has an eating disorder, they will be given contact information for the eating disorder clinic at the University of South Carolina)
• no current participation in a weight loss program or taking weight loss medications (although participants may be trying to lose weight on their own)
• no recent or planned bariatric surgery
• no recent weight loss (>10 lbs in the last 6 months)

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 70 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

University of South Carolina

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Brie Turner-McGrievy

Associate Professor

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Locations

University of South Carolina

Columbia, South Carolina, United States

Countries

United States

References

Bailey S, Turner-McGrievy GM, Keseko EA, Duncan T, Ward-Johnson D, Davis B, Wilcox S, Friedman DB, Sarzynski MA, Liese AD. The Diet Guidelines: 3 Diets (DG3D) study protocol of a behavioral teaching kitchen intervention for type-2 diabetes prevention among African American adults. Contemp Clin Trials. 2025 Oct 10:108109. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2025.108109. Online ahead of print.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 41077220 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

Pro00118661

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id