Spark: Finding the Optimal Tracking Strategy for Weight Loss in a Digital Health Intervention

NCT ID: NCT05249465

Last Updated: 2025-07-01

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

176 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2023-09-22

Study Completion Date

2025-06-23

Brief Summary

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This optimization trial will examine three tracking (or "self-monitoring") strategies for weight loss -- tracking dietary intake, steps, and/or body weight -- all delivered through digital health tools. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the combination of these strategies that maximizes 6-month weight loss in the context of a standalone digital health intervention for adults with overweight or obesity.

The investigators will recruit 176 total participants to the trial. Recruitment will occur through remote channels. Interested individuals will be directed to an online screening questionnaire; those who are eligible will then be invited to attend an initial remote session with study personnel to ensure interest and eligibility in the study. The weight loss intervention will last 6 months, and all participants will receive a "core" treatment consisting of goal setting, behavioral lessons, action plans, and tailored feedback - all of which will be delivered remotely. Depending on which group participants are assigned to in the study, some individuals will be asked to track their dietary intake, their steps, and/or their body weight via digital tools. All study tasks will occur remotely, thus, participants never need to come in-person for any intervention or assessment tasks.

The investigators will use the Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) framework to identify the most effective combination of self-monitoring strategies. The factorial design will allow the research team to determine the unique and combined impact of each self-monitoring component on weight change. The primary outcome is weight change from baseline to 6 months. The research team will also assess self-monitoring engagement over 6 months and its association with weight change. To complement the main trial, the research team will also randomize half of participants to receive an interactive orientation video, in order to assess its impact on trial retention at 6 months. Overall, the information gathered from this trial will enable the construction of an optimized digital health intervention for weight loss that can be delivered remotely, which, if found to be effective, could have high potential for scalability.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Obesity Overweight Weight Loss Health Behavior

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

FACTORIAL

This study uses a full factorial experimental design testing the efficacy of three intervention components, each with two levels (i.e., a 2x2x2).
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Outcomes will be analyzed in a blinded fashion such that treatment allocation is not revealed.

Study Groups

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Condition 1

Core Only

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Core behavioral weight loss intervention

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

All participants will receive a 6-month "core" behavioral obesity treatment consisting of goal setting, behavioral lessons, action plans, and tailored feedback - all of which will be delivered remotely.

Condition 2

Core + Track Weight

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Core behavioral weight loss intervention

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

All participants will receive a 6-month "core" behavioral obesity treatment consisting of goal setting, behavioral lessons, action plans, and tailored feedback - all of which will be delivered remotely.

Self-monitoring weight

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to receive this component will be instructed to self-monitor their body weight daily via a wireless e-scale (e.g., the Fitbit Aria Scale).

Condition 3

Core + Track Steps

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Core behavioral weight loss intervention

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

All participants will receive a 6-month "core" behavioral obesity treatment consisting of goal setting, behavioral lessons, action plans, and tailored feedback - all of which will be delivered remotely.

Self-monitoring steps

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to receive this component will be instructed to self-monitor their step count daily via a wrist-worn Fitbit activity monitor. A daily step goal will be given that will adapt based on progress.

Condition 4

Core + Track Diet

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Core behavioral weight loss intervention

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

All participants will receive a 6-month "core" behavioral obesity treatment consisting of goal setting, behavioral lessons, action plans, and tailored feedback - all of which will be delivered remotely.

Self-monitoring diet

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to receive this component will be instructed to self-monitor their dietary intake daily via the Fitbit mobile app. Participants will receive a daily calorie goal.

Condition 5

Core + Track Weight + Track Steps

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Core behavioral weight loss intervention

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

All participants will receive a 6-month "core" behavioral obesity treatment consisting of goal setting, behavioral lessons, action plans, and tailored feedback - all of which will be delivered remotely.

Self-monitoring weight

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to receive this component will be instructed to self-monitor their body weight daily via a wireless e-scale (e.g., the Fitbit Aria Scale).

Self-monitoring steps

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to receive this component will be instructed to self-monitor their step count daily via a wrist-worn Fitbit activity monitor. A daily step goal will be given that will adapt based on progress.

Condition 6

Core + Track Weight + Track Diet

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Core behavioral weight loss intervention

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

All participants will receive a 6-month "core" behavioral obesity treatment consisting of goal setting, behavioral lessons, action plans, and tailored feedback - all of which will be delivered remotely.

Self-monitoring diet

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to receive this component will be instructed to self-monitor their dietary intake daily via the Fitbit mobile app. Participants will receive a daily calorie goal.

Self-monitoring weight

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to receive this component will be instructed to self-monitor their body weight daily via a wireless e-scale (e.g., the Fitbit Aria Scale).

Condition 7

Core + Track Steps + Track Diet

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Core behavioral weight loss intervention

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

All participants will receive a 6-month "core" behavioral obesity treatment consisting of goal setting, behavioral lessons, action plans, and tailored feedback - all of which will be delivered remotely.

Self-monitoring diet

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to receive this component will be instructed to self-monitor their dietary intake daily via the Fitbit mobile app. Participants will receive a daily calorie goal.

Self-monitoring steps

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to receive this component will be instructed to self-monitor their step count daily via a wrist-worn Fitbit activity monitor. A daily step goal will be given that will adapt based on progress.

Condition 8

Core + Track Weight + Track Steps + Track Diet

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Core behavioral weight loss intervention

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

All participants will receive a 6-month "core" behavioral obesity treatment consisting of goal setting, behavioral lessons, action plans, and tailored feedback - all of which will be delivered remotely.

Self-monitoring diet

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to receive this component will be instructed to self-monitor their dietary intake daily via the Fitbit mobile app. Participants will receive a daily calorie goal.

Self-monitoring weight

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to receive this component will be instructed to self-monitor their body weight daily via a wireless e-scale (e.g., the Fitbit Aria Scale).

Self-monitoring steps

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to receive this component will be instructed to self-monitor their step count daily via a wrist-worn Fitbit activity monitor. A daily step goal will be given that will adapt based on progress.

Interventions

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Core behavioral weight loss intervention

All participants will receive a 6-month "core" behavioral obesity treatment consisting of goal setting, behavioral lessons, action plans, and tailored feedback - all of which will be delivered remotely.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Self-monitoring diet

Participants randomized to receive this component will be instructed to self-monitor their dietary intake daily via the Fitbit mobile app. Participants will receive a daily calorie goal.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Self-monitoring weight

Participants randomized to receive this component will be instructed to self-monitor their body weight daily via a wireless e-scale (e.g., the Fitbit Aria Scale).

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Self-monitoring steps

Participants randomized to receive this component will be instructed to self-monitor their step count daily via a wrist-worn Fitbit activity monitor. A daily step goal will be given that will adapt based on progress.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* adults (ages 18+ years)
* body mass index (BMI) 25.0 to 45.0 kg/m\^2
* smartphone ownership
* willingness to install a mobile app on their phone
* access to a personal email account
* English language proficiency
* interest in losing weight through behavioral strategies

Exclusion Criteria

* concurrent enrollment in another weight management intervention
* loss of ≥10 lbs. in the past 6 months
* current use of a weight loss medication
* prior or planned bariatric surgery
* current or planned pregnancy in the trial period
* currently breastfeeding
* lives with someone else participating in the study
* hospitalization for a mental health condition in the past 12 months
* inability to engage in moderate forms of physical activity akin to brisk walking (assessed by the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire)
* if weight loss is contraindicated or might be impacted by a condition or medication (e.g., end stage renal disease, cancer, schizophrenia, dementia, steroids, anti-psychotics)
* if an individual would be better suited for a more intensive or different type of intervention based on a health condition (e.g., individuals with history of an eating disorder or cardiovascular event, uncontrolled hypertension, or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus)
* investigator discretion for safety reasons
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

Stanford University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Michele Patel

Instructor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Michele L Patel, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Stanford University

Locations

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Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Patel ML, King AC, Rosas LG, Bennett GG, Collins LM, Gallis JA, Zeitlin AB, Talreja PS, Crosthwaite PC, Collins KA, Lim AW, Kim TS. Optimizing Self-Monitoring in a Digital Weight Loss Intervention (Spark): Protocol for a Factorial Randomized Trial. JMIR Res Protoc. 2025 Sep 23;14:e75629. doi: 10.2196/75629.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 40986860 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol

View Document

Document Type: Informed Consent Form

View Document

Other Identifiers

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K23DK129805

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

64716

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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