Effect of Metformin on Behaviour and the Brain in Children Treated for a Brain Tumour

NCT ID: NCT05230758

Last Updated: 2026-01-22

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

140 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2022-07-01

Study Completion Date

2027-11-30

Brief Summary

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The efficacy of treatment with metformin for promoting cognitive recovery and brain growth in children/adolescents treated for a brain tumour will be investigated in a multi-site Phase III randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel arm superiority trial. Specifically, in children/adolescents aged 7 years to 21 years and 11 months who have completed treatment for a brain tumour, is oral administration of metformin for 16 weeks associated with greater improvement of cognitive function and brain growth compared to placebo administered for 16 weeks?

Detailed Description

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A critical barrier to improving the quality of life of children/adolescents living with cancer is that our curative therapies, which include a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation, have toxic effects on healthy tissue, resulting in long-term problems. This is evident for children and adolescents who survive brain tumours requiring aggressive therapy: they experience brain injury and cognitive impairment. There are few therapies for restoring cognitive function and promoting brain growth in survivors; however new work in regenerative medicine offers a possible alternative. The drug metformin promotes brain growth in animal models by activating neural stem cells. In a pilot trial with 24 participants, we found that metformin was safe and tolerable for use in children/adolescents treated with cranial radiation for a brain tumour and may improve cognition and promote white matter growth. In this multi-site clinical trial, we will test the efficacy of treatment with metformin for brain repair and cognitive recovery in paediatric medulloblastoma and other brain tumour survivors. If we find that metformin promotes cognitive improvement and brain growth in paediatric survivors of medulloblastoma and other paediatric brain tumours treated with cranial radiation, this may offer a viable therapeutic approach that may improve quality of life of these cancer patients and provide a model for treatment of late effects in other paediatric cancers.

This study is designed to test the efficacy of metformin in a 16-week multi-centre, phase III, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled superiority trial with two parallel conditions (metformin versus placebo). Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the two treatments where they will either complete a 16-week cycle of metformin or a 16-week cycle of placebo. Participants will be randomized using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) to ensure allocation concealment. The randomization code will not be released until the participant has been recruited, consented and passed screening. Outcome assessments will be conducted at Baseline immediately following the completion of week 16 treatment (Post-Intervention, Week 17), and 24 weeks following completion of the intervention (6 Month Follow-Up, Week 41).

The primary endpoint is cognitive function in children/adolescent survivors of a brain tumour at Post-Intervention (Week 17) compared to Baseline. We hypothesize that 16 weeks of treatment with metformin will be associated with better cognitive outcomes than 16 weeks of treatment with placebo. Cognitive outcomes will be measured using tests of working memory, declarative memory, and processing speed.

The key secondary outcome will be diffusion MRI within the corpus callosum at Post-Intervention (Week 17) compared to Baseline. We hypothesize that 16 weeks of treatment with metformin will be associated with increased white matter growth in the corpus callosum compared to 16 weeks of treatment with placebo. Increased white matter growth will be measured using diffusion MRI metrics.

Exploratory outcomes have been selected to investigate broader metformin-induced changes in the brain and cognition.

1. We hypothesize that 16 weeks of treatment with metformin will promote global white matter growth in the brain more so than 16 weeks of treatment with placebo at Post-Intervention (Week 17) compared to Baseline. White matter growth will be assessed using diffusion MRI metrics of myelin and fiber structure.
2. We hypothesize that 16 weeks of treatment with metformin will result in greater increases in hippocampal volume compared to that 16 weeks of treatment with placebo at Post-Intervention (Week 17) compared to Baseline. Structural MRI measures of hippocampal volume will be explored.
3. We hypothesize that 16 weeks of treatment with metformin will result in superior performance on measures of attention and executive functioning, compared to 16 weeks of treatment with placebo at Post-Intervention (Week 17) compared to Baseline. Tests of attention and executive functioning will be used.
4. We hypothesize that all outcome measures will continue in the predicted direction at 24 weeks (6 Month Follow-Up, Week 41) compared to Baseline following completion of 16 weeks of metformin compared to 16 weeks of placebo.
5. We also hypothesize that 16 weeks of treatment with metformin will yield better outcomes in females compared to males for all measures and that these findings will persist at 24 weeks (6 Month Follow-Up, Week 41) following the intervention compared to Baseline.
6. We hypothesize that 16 weeks of treatment with metformin will result in improved ratings of global health as reported by the parent/guardian at Post-Intervention (Week 17) compared to Baseline.

Metformin is a well-studied medication with a broad clinical experience in children including polycystic ovarian syndrome, diabetes, and obesity. The youngest age of use is 2 years old. The proposed dose and the schedule of administration of metformin is based on safety and toxicity data obtained from our pilot trial and previous use in paediatric populations. One hundred and twenty (120) English speaking and twenty (20) French speaking participants - aged 7 years to 21 years and 11 months - will be recruited from up to 20 sites across Canada and Australia.

Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) will be used to examine the effects metformin versus placebo for each outcome in English speaking participants, controlling for Baseline outcome measurements. For French speaking participants, IQ testing will be completed, but not Cognitive testing as French-Canadian translations are not available. By focusing on a disease that requires some of the most aggressive therapy used in modern protocols, and by targeting the patients most vulnerable to the harmful effects of treatment we hope to provide a model of intervention that can then be applied to other cancers and actively promote brain health and cognitive recovery.

Conditions

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Medulloblastoma, Childhood Cognitive Impairment

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

We elect to employ a parallel arm superiority trial. As there is no standard of care equivalent for the intervention being investigated (i.e. metformin for improved cognition and white matter growth), a placebo is being used to prevent any potential response bias.
Primary Study Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Blinding Strategy

QUADRUPLE

Participants Caregivers Investigators Outcome Assessors
We are implementing a double-blind procedure to ensure that neither participants nor members of the research team have knowledge of the randomized treatment group to prevent bias in reporting, outcome assessment and analysis.

Study Groups

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Metformin

Oral metformin will be administered approximately 500mg/m2/day for 1 week and increased to 1000mg/m2/day for 15 weeks. Doses will be rounded to increments of half tablets (250mg, 500mg, 750mg and 1000mg).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Metformin hydrochloride (HCl) 500mg tablet

Intervention Type DRUG

Metformin HCl 500mg tablets contain 500mg of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and are white, round, biconvex, film-coated tablets, with a score line on one face and debossed with "HMR" on the other. Each tablet contains the non-medicinal ingredients magnesium stearate and povidone. Tablet coating is comprised of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyethylene glycol and titanium dioxide.

Placebo

Oral placebo will be administered approximately 500mg/m2/day for 1 week and increased to 1000mg/m2/day for 15 weeks. Doses will be rounded to increments of half tablets (250mg, 500mg, 750mg and 1000mg).

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Placebo

Intervention Type DRUG

Matching white round tablet containing excipients only. The placebo tablets will match the active drug as closely as possible in terms of appearance.

Interventions

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Metformin hydrochloride (HCl) 500mg tablet

Metformin HCl 500mg tablets contain 500mg of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and are white, round, biconvex, film-coated tablets, with a score line on one face and debossed with "HMR" on the other. Each tablet contains the non-medicinal ingredients magnesium stearate and povidone. Tablet coating is comprised of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyethylene glycol and titanium dioxide.

Intervention Type DRUG

Placebo

Matching white round tablet containing excipients only. The placebo tablets will match the active drug as closely as possible in terms of appearance.

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Glucophage Control

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

In order to be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet all of the following criteria:

1. No less than 3 weeks after completion of:

* Primary therapy for:

1. medulloblastoma

OR
2. ependymoma

OR
3. craniopharyngioma

OR
4. germ cell tumours

OR
* Primary therapy for any other brain tumour treated with cranial radiation - at the discretion of the Study PI

OR
* Cranial radiation for relapsed ependymoma
2. Age 7 years to 21 years and 11 months at the time of enrollment
3. Either declare English (or French in accepting sites) as their native language or have had at least two years of schooling in English (or French in accepting sites) at the time of consent
4. Able to swallow tablets either whole, crushed or via a feeding tube and be willing to adhere to the study intervention regimen
5. Meet criteria for normal organ function requirements as described below:

1. Normal renal function defined as: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \> 75ml/min/1.73m²

* eGFR is calculated using the Schwartz formula: eGFR (mL/min/1.73m²) = (0.41 × height in cm) / creatinine in mg/dL
2. Normal liver function defined as:

* Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (AST) ≤2.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) for age and gender
* Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) (ALT) ≤2.5 x institutional ULN for age and gender
* Total bilirubin \<1.5x institutional ULN for age and gender (patients with documented Gilbert's Disease may be enrolled with Sponsor approval and total bilirubin ≤2.0 x institutional ULN)
6. Informed consent (and assent, where applicable) will be obtained from the participants and/or their legal guardian(s) by study team members delegated to consent for this study

Exclusion Criteria

Participants who meet any of the following criteria will not be eligible to take part in the trial:

1. Standard score of less than 60 for full scale IQ on the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, Second Edition (WASI-II) (or other Wechsler Scale of Intelligence for English speaking participants) or pro-rated IQ score on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V) or Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) for French speaking participants at Screening visit
2. Have a known hypersensitivity to metformin hydrochloride
3. Have unstable and/or insulin-dependent (Type 1) diabetes
4. Have a history of hypoglycemia after 2 years of age
5. Have been diagnosed with acute or chronic metabolic acidosis and/or lactic acidosis or if bicarbonate (Total CO2) is less than 22 mmol/L at the Screening visit
6. Have a history of renal disease or renal dysfunction pre-existing to the diagnosis of Medulloblastoma
7. Have a history of congestive heart failure requiring pharmacologic treatment (including the use of diuretics) within two years prior to study entry
8. Currently taking part in a cognitive rehabilitation intervention study
9. Treatment or planned treatment involving diuretics
10. Current or planned treatment with cationic drugs excreted by the kidneys (e.g. amiloride, cimetidine, digoxin, morphine, nifedipine, procainamide, quinidine, quinine, ranitidine, triamterene, trimethoprim, and vancomycin)
11. Current or planned treatment with concomitant medications with potential unacceptable interaction with metformin including, lamotrigine, beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, glycopyrrolate, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, or at the discretion of the Site PI or delegate for medications with potential interactions such as sertraline, lansoprazole and omeprazole.
12. Pernicious anemia (according to results of the Screening visit blood draw)
13. Current use of metformin hydrochloride
14. Any condition or diagnosis, that could in the opinion of the Site PI or delegate interfere with the participant's ability to comply with study instructions, might confound the interpretation of the study results, or put the participant at risk
15. Are receiving palliative care
Minimum Eligible Age

7 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

21 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Donald Mabbott

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Donald Mabbott

Psychologist

Responsibility Role SPONSOR_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Donald Mabbott, Ph.D.

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

The Hospital for Sick Children

Eric Bouffet, M.D.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

The Hospital for Sick Children

Locations

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John Hunter Children's Hospital

New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia

Site Status RECRUITING

Children's Hospital in Westmead

Westmead, New South Wales, Australia

Site Status WITHDRAWN

Women and Childen's Hospital

Adelaide, North Adelaide, Australia

Site Status RECRUITING

Monash Children's Hospital

Clayton, Victoria, Australia

Site Status RECRUITING

Royal Children's Hospital

Parkville, Victoria, Australia

Site Status RECRUITING

Perth Children's Hospital

Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia

Site Status RECRUITING

Alberta Children's Hospital

Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Stollery Children's Hospital

Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Children's & Women's Health Centre of British Columbia

Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Cancer Care Manitoba

Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Health Centre

Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Hamilton Health Sciences - McMaster Children's Hospital

Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre

London, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario

Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

The Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

CHU Sainte-Justine

Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Montreal Children's Hospital

Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

CHU de Québec - Université Laval

Québec, Quebec, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

CHU de Sherbrooke

Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Saskatchewan Health Authority

Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Australia Canada

Central Contacts

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Lauren Cole, PhD

Role: CONTACT

416-813-7396 ext. 307396

Facility Contacts

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Frank Alvaro, MMBS

Role: primary

+612 4985 5612

Jordan Hansford, Ph.D.

Role: primary

Peter Downie, MBBS

Role: primary

+613 8572 3456

Molly Williams, MBBS

Role: primary

+613 9345 9184

Santosh Valvi, MBBS

Role: primary

+618 6456 3612

Lucie Lafay-Cousin, MD

Role: primary

403-955-2554

Sherry Qian

Role: backup

403-955-7263

Liana Nobre, MD

Role: primary

780-407-8798

Juliette Hukin, MD

Role: primary

604-875-2406

Magimairajan I Vanan, MD

Role: primary

204-787-4724

Clinical Trial Unit CTU

Role: backup

204-787-4156

Craig Erker, MD

Role: primary

902-470-3743

Adam Fleming, MD

Role: primary

905-521-2100 ext. 76720

Shayna Zelcer, MD

Role: primary

519-685-8500 ext. 52678

Donna Johnston, MD

Role: primary

613-737-7600 ext. 2210

Vijay Ramaswamy, MD

Role: primary

416-813-7654 ext. 208221

Lauren Cole, PhD

Role: backup

416-813-7396 ext. 307396

Sébastien Perreault, MD

Role: primary

514-345-4931 ext. 5019

Geneviève Legault, MD

Role: primary

514-412-4445

Samuele Renzi, MD

Role: primary

418-525-4444 ext. 40121

General Contact

Role: backup

Stéphanie Vairy, MD

Role: primary

819-346-1110 ext. 7-3068

Kathleen Felton, MD

Role: primary

306-655-2733

Jessica Marien

Role: backup

306-655-3544

Other Identifiers

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1000073107

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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