Venetoclax in Children With Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

NCT ID: NCT05183035

Last Updated: 2026-01-13

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

RECRUITING

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

98 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2022-10-01

Study Completion Date

2031-04-30

Brief Summary

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A study to evaluate if the randomized addition of venetoclax to a chemotherapy backbone (fludarabine/cytarabine/gemtuzumab ozogamicin \[GO\]) improves survival of children/adolescents/young adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in 1st relapse who are unable to receive additional anthracyclines, or in 2nd relapse.

Detailed Description

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Relapse of AML is driven by chemotherapy resistant stem cells. One mechanism of chemotherapeutic resistance in AML is the overexpression of the protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), an anti-apoptotic protein which sequesters intracellular activators of apoptosis. Venetoclax is a selective, potent, orally bioavailable, small molecule inhibitor of BCL-2 that restores programmed cell death in cancer cells.

This is a trial for children, adolescents and young adults with 2nd relapsed AML or 1st relapsed AML unable to receive additional anthracycline.

This is randomized trial of venetoclax in combination with intensive chemotherapy (fludarabine/cytarabine/gemtuzumab ozogamicin) for the first two cycles (42-day-cycles) that would inform and evaluate if this agent is an effective option for this population to improve its poor prognosis. Participants can receive up to two cycles of induction chemotherapy before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). If participants who have perceived clinical benefit cannot be transplanted after the 2 cycles, maintenance treatment may be given at the discretion of the investigator. In Arm B (experimental arm), participants can continue venetoclax if they have perceived clinical benefit, and maintenance therapy will combine venetoclax with azacitidine for a maximum of 24 cycles. In Arm A (control arm), participants will receive azacitidine in monotherapy. Maintenance is continued until clinical progression or unacceptable toxicity with a maximum of 24 cycles.

Conditions

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Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Arm A: Control Arm without Venetoclax

During Cycle 1 (42-day-cycles), participants will receive 30 mg/m\^2 of fludarabine followed by 2 g/m\^2 of cytarabine on Days 1-5. Gemtuzumab 3 mg/m\^2 will be given on Day 6 (only for participants with CD33 expression on leukemia blasts).

During Cycle 2 participants will receive 30 mg/m\^2 of fludarabine followed by 2 g/m\^2 of cytarabine on Days 1-5. After Cycle 2 participants are assessed for HSCT or azacitidine maintenance therapy.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Fludarabine

Intervention Type DRUG

Intravenous (IV) infusion

Cytarabine

Intervention Type DRUG

Intravenous (IV) infusion

Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin

Intervention Type DRUG

Intravenous (IV) infusion

Azacitidine

Intervention Type DRUG

Intravenous (IV) infusion or subcutaneous injection

Arm B: Experimental Arm with Venetoclax

During Cycle 1 (42-day-cycles), participants will receive 300 mg adult dose equivalent of venetoclax once on Day 1 followed by 600 mg adult dose equivalent of venetoclax on Days 2-21. Participants will also receive 30 mg/m\^2 of fludarabine followed by 2 g/m\^2 of cytarabine on Days 8-12. Gemtuzumab 3 mg/m\^2 will be given on Day 13 (only for participants with CD33 expression on leukemia blasts).

During Cycle 2, participants will receive 600 mg adult dose equivalent of venetoclax on Days 1-21. Participants will receive 30 mg/m\^2 of fludarabine followed by 2 g/m\^2 of cytarabine on Days 1-5. After Cycle 2 participants are assessed for HSCT or azacitidine maintenance therapy in combination with venetoclax.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Fludarabine

Intervention Type DRUG

Intravenous (IV) infusion

Cytarabine

Intervention Type DRUG

Intravenous (IV) infusion

Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin

Intervention Type DRUG

Intravenous (IV) infusion

Azacitidine

Intervention Type DRUG

Intravenous (IV) infusion or subcutaneous injection

Venetoclax

Intervention Type DRUG

Orally via tablet or powder suspension

Interventions

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Fludarabine

Intravenous (IV) infusion

Intervention Type DRUG

Cytarabine

Intravenous (IV) infusion

Intervention Type DRUG

Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin

Intravenous (IV) infusion

Intervention Type DRUG

Azacitidine

Intravenous (IV) infusion or subcutaneous injection

Intervention Type DRUG

Venetoclax

Orally via tablet or powder suspension

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Participants must have enrolled on APAL2020SC, NCT Number: NCT04726241 prior to enrollment on ITCC-101/APAL2020D. (This is only applicable for participants in USA/Canada/Australia/New Zealand sites/Blood Cancer United territory).
* Participants must be ≥ 29 days of age and ≤ 21 years of age at enrollment.
* Participants must have one of the following:

1. Children, adolescents, and young adults with AML without demonstrated FLT3/internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation. Ideally, the status of the mutation needs to be proven in the current relapse. Nevertheless, patients with previous FLT3/ITD negative test from prior lines can be included based on local results in order to not delay the start of treatment.
2. And participants must have AML which is either:

* Untreated second relapse, in participants who are sufficiently fit to undergo another round of intensive chemotherapy, or
* Untreated first relapse, in participants who cannot tolerate additional anthracycline containing chemotherapy per investigator discretion.
* Participants must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1 or 2 (≥ 50% Lansky or Karnofsky score).
* Participants must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior anti-cancer therapy and must meet the following minimum duration from prior anti-cancer directed therapy prior to start of protocol treatment:

1. Cytotoxic chemotherapy: Must not have received cytotoxic chemotherapy within 14 days prior to start of protocol treatment, except for corticosteroids, low dose cytarabine or hydroxyurea that can be given up to 24 hours prior to start of protocol treatment.
2. Intrathecal cytotoxic therapy: No wash-out time is required for participants having received any combination of intrathecal cytarabine, methotrexate, and/or hydrocortisone.
3. Antibodies: ≥ 21 days must have elapsed from infusion of last dose of an antibody-drug conjugate before start of protocol treatment. For unmodified antibodies or T cell engaging antibodies, 2 half-lives must have elapsed before start of protocol treatment. Any toxicity related to prior antibody therapy must be recovered to Grade ≤ 1.
4. Interleukins, Interferons and Cytokines (other than Hematopoietic Growth Factors): ≥ 21 days after the completion of interleukins, interferon or cytokines (other than Hematopoietic Growth Factors) before start of protocol treatment.
5. Hematopoietic growth factors: ≥ 14 days after the last dose of a long-acting growth factor (e.g., pegfilgrastim) or ≥7 days for short-acting growth factor before start of protocol treatment.
6. Radiation therapy (RT) (before start of protocol treatment):

* ≥ 14 days have elapsed for local palliative RT (small port);
* ≥ 84 days must have elapsed if prior craniospinal RT or if ≥ 50% radiation of pelvis;
* ≥ 42 days must have elapsed if other substantial bone marrow (BM) radiation.
7. Stem Cell Infusions (before start of protocol treatment):

* ≥ 84 days since allogeneic (non-autologous) bone marrow or stem cell transplant (with or without total body irradiation \[TBI\]) or boost infusion (any stem cell product; not including donor lymphocyte infusion \[DLI\]);
* No evidence of active graft versus host disease (GVHD).
8. Participants who are receiving cyclosporine, tacrolimus or other agents to treat or prevent either graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplant or organ rejection post-transplant are not eligible for this trial. Participants must be off medications to treat or prevent either graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplant or organ rejection post-transplant for at least 14 days prior to enrollment.
9. Cellular Therapy: ≥ 42 days after the completion of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) or any type of cellular therapy (e.g., modified T cells, natural killer \[NK\] cells, dendritic cells, etc.) before start of protocol treatment.
10. Participants with prior exposure to venetoclax are eligible in this trial.
* Adequate organ function:

1. Adequate Renal Function defined as:

* Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥ 60ml/min/1.73 m\^2, or
* Normal serum creatinine based on age/sex
2. Adequate Liver Function defined as:

* Direct bilirubin \< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN), and
* Alkaline phosphatase ≤ 2.5 x ULN, and
* Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 2.5 x ULN. If higher transaminases outside these ranges (up to 5x ULN) are due to a radiographically identifiable leukemia infiltrate, the participant will remain eligible. Transaminase elevation up to 5x ULN is also allowed in case of steatosis on echography.
3. Cardiac performance: Minimum cardiac function defined as:

* No history of congestive heart failure in need of medical treatment
* No pre-treatment diminished left ventricular function on echocardiography (shortening fraction \[SF\] \< 25% or ejection fraction \[EF\] \< 40%)
* No signs of congestive heart failure at presentation of relapse.
* Participant, parent or guardian must sign and date informed consent and pediatric assent (when required), prior to the initiation of screening or study specific procedures, according to local law and legislation.

Exclusion Criteria

* Participants who in the opinion of the investigator may not be able to comply with the study requirements of the study, are not eligible.
* Participants with Down syndrome.
* Participants with Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) or Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML).
* Participants with isolated CNS3 disease or symptomatic CNS3 disease.
* Participants with malabsorption syndrome or any other condition that precludes enteral administration of venetoclax.
* Participants who are currently receiving an investigational drug other than those specified for this study.
* Participants with Fanconi anemia, Kostmann syndrome, Shwachman syndrome or any other known congenital bone marrow failure syndrome.
* Participants with known prior allergy to any of the medications used in protocol therapy.
* Participants with documented active, uncontrolled infection at the time of study entry.
* Known hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) (known positive hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) results), or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
* Concomitant Medications

* Participants who have received strong and moderate CYP3A inducers such as rifampin, carbamazepine, phenytoin, and St. John's wort within 7 days of the start of study treatment.
* Participants who have consumed grapefruit, grapefruit products, Seville oranges (including marmalade containing Seville oranges) or starfruit within 3 days of the start of study treatment.
* Participants who have hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in summary of product characteristics (SPC).
* Pregnancy or Breast-Feeding:

* Participants who are pregnant or breast-feeding.
* Participants of reproductive potential may not participate unless they have agreed to use a highly effective contraceptive method per Clinical Trial Facilitation Group (CTFG) guidelines for the duration of study therapy and at least 30 days after last dose of venetoclax, or 7 months after gemtuzumab ozogamicin treatment, or for 6 months after the completion of all study therapy, whichever is longer.
* Male participants must use a condom during intercourse and agree not to father a child or donate sperm during therapy and for the duration of study therapy and at least 30 days after last dose of venetoclax or 4 months after last dose of gemtuzumab ozogamicin, 6 months from the last dose of cytarabine, or 90-days after last exposure to any other chemotherapy, whichever is longer.

Additional criteria to receive a gemtuzumab ozogamicin infusion:

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin should not be given:

* to participants with history of veno-occlusive disease (VOD)/Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) grade 3 or 4
* to participants with CD33 negative leukemic blasts (determined at local lab)

Note that these participants are eligible for the study but will not be treated with gemtuzumab ozogamicin.
Minimum Eligible Age

29 Days

Maximum Eligible Age

21 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology (European Sponsor)

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

AbbVie

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role collaborator

Roche-Genentech

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role collaborator

EuPAL

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role collaborator

PedAL BCU, LLC

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Seth Karol, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

Locations

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Phoenix Children's Hospital

Phoenix, Arizona, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Arkansas Children's Hospital

Little Rock, Arkansas, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

MemorialCare Miller Children's and Women's Hospital Long Beach

Long Beach, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Children's Hospital of Orange County Main Campus - Orange

Orange, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Benioff Children's Hospital - Mission Bay

San Francisco, California, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Children's Hospital Colorado

Aurora, Colorado, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Yale University

New Haven, Connecticut, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Nemours Alfred I. Dupont Hospital for Children

Wilmington, Delaware, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Golisano Children's Hospital of Southwest Florida

Fort Myers, Florida, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Florida Health Shands Children's Hospital

Gainesville, Florida, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Nemours Children's Specialty Care Jacksonville

Jacksonville, Florida, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Nemours Children's Hospital - Orlando

Orlando, Florida, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Saint Joseph's Hospital - Tampa

Tampa, Florida, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Children's Healthcare of Atlanta

Atlanta, Georgia, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Kapi'olani Medical Center for Women and Children

Honolulu, Hawaii, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Comer Children's Hospital

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Indiana University School of Medicine

Indianapolis, Indiana, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital

Iowa City, Iowa, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Norton Children's Hospital

Louisville, Kentucky, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

C.S. Mott Children's Hospital

Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Children's Hospital of Michigan

Detroit, Michigan, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Masonic Cancer Center

Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

University of Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

The Children's Mercy Hospital - Adele Hall Campus

Kansas City, Missouri, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

St Louis, Missouri, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Alliance for Childhood Diseases dba Cure 4 The Kids Foundation

Las Vegas, Nevada, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Hackensack University Medical Center, HMH

Hackensack, New Jersey, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Morristown Medical Center

Morristown, New Jersey, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Columbia University Irving Medical Center

New York, New York, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center - New York

New York, New York, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Cohen Children's Medical Center

Queens, New York, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Nationwide Children's Hospital

Columbus, Ohio, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Doernbecher Children's Hospital

Portland, Oregon, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Prisma Health Richland Hospital

Columbia, South Carolina, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

Memphis, Tennessee, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt

Nashville, Tennessee, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center

Dallas, Texas, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Texas Children's Hospital

Houston, Texas, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Primary Children's Hospital

Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University

Richmond, Virginia, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Seattle Children's Hospital

Seattle, Washington, United States

Site Status RECRUITING

Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service

South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Site Status RECRUITING

The Royal Children's Hospital - Children's Cancer Centre

Parkville, Victoria, Australia

Site Status RECRUITING

Perth Children's Hospital

Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia

Site Status RECRUITING

Sankt Anna-Kinderspital

Vienna, , Austria

Site Status RECRUITING

Universitair Ziekenhuis Gent

Ghent, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium

Site Status RECRUITING

Alberta Children's Hospital

Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

British Columbia Children's Hospital

Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Site Status COMPLETED

CancerCare Manitoba

Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Health Center

Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario

Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

SickKids - The Hospital for Sick Children

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Site Status RECRUITING

Fakultni nemocnice v Motole

Prague, Prague, Czechia

Site Status RECRUITING

Rigshospitalet

Copenhagen, Capital Region, Denmark

Site Status RECRUITING

Uusi Lastensairaala

Helsinki, Etelä-Suomen Lääni, Finland

Site Status RECRUITING

CHU de Toulouse - Hôpital des Enfants

Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, France

Site Status RECRUITING

Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre

Loos, Hauts-de-France, France

Site Status RECRUITING

CHU de Nantes - Hôpital Femme-Enfant-Adolescent

Nantes, Loire-Atlantique, France

Site Status RECRUITING

Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique

Lyon, Rhône, France

Site Status RECRUITING

Hôpital Armand-Trousseau

Paris, Île-de-France Region, France

Site Status RECRUITING

Hôpital Universitaire Robert-Debré

Paris, Île-de-France Region, France

Site Status RECRUITING

Universitätsklinikum Augsburg

Augsburg, , Germany

Site Status RECRUITING

Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin

Berlin, , Germany

Site Status RECRUITING

Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt

Frankfurt, , Germany

Site Status RECRUITING

Padiatrische Hamatologie und Onkologie

Münster, , Germany

Site Status RECRUITING

Universitätsklinikum Münster

Münster, , Germany

Site Status RECRUITING

Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel

Petach Tikvah, Central District, Israel

Site Status RECRUITING

Istituto Giannina Gaslini

Genova, Genoa, Italy

Site Status RECRUITING

Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori

Monza, Monza and Brianza, Italy

Site Status RECRUITING

Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù

Roma, Rome, Italy

Site Status RECRUITING

Ospedale Infantile Regina Margherita

Torino, Turin, Italy

Site Status RECRUITING

Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daiichi Hospital

Nagoya, Aiti, Japan

Site Status RECRUITING

Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital

Kobe, Hyōgo, Japan

Site Status RECRUITING

Saitama Prefectural Children's Medical Center

Saitama-Shi, Saitama, Japan

Site Status RECRUITING

National Center for Child Health and Development

Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan

Site Status RECRUITING

Osaka City General Hospital

Osaka, , Japan

Site Status RECRUITING

Prinses Maxima Centrum Kinderoncologie

Utrecht, , Netherlands

Site Status RECRUITING

Starship Children's Hospital

Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand

Site Status RECRUITING

Oslo Universitetssykehus

Oslo, , Norway

Site Status RECRUITING

Instituto Portugues De Oncologia De Lisboa Francisco Gentil

Lisbon, Lisbon District, Portugal

Site Status RECRUITING

Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón

Barcelona, , Spain

Site Status RECRUITING

Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona

Barcelona, , Spain

Site Status RECRUITING

Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús

Madrid, , Spain

Site Status RECRUITING

Hospital Universitario La Fe

Valencia, , Spain

Site Status RECRUITING

Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Solna

Stockholm, Stockholm County, Sweden

Site Status RECRUITING

Universitaets - Kinderspital Zürich

Zurich, , Switzerland

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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United States Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czechia Denmark Finland France Germany Israel Italy Japan Netherlands New Zealand Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland

Central Contacts

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Gwen Nichols, MD

Role: CONTACT

914-821-8217

Michel Zwaan

Role: CONTACT

+31 88 972 5206

References

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Badawi M, Gopalakrishnan S, Engelhardt B, Palenski T, Karol SE, Rubnitz JE, Menon R, Salem AH. Dosing of Venetoclax in Pediatric Patients with Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Analysis of Developmental Pharmacokinetics and Exposure-Response Relationships. Clin Ther. 2024 Oct;46(10):759-767. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2024.09.008. Epub 2024 Oct 5.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 39368878 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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2021-003212-11

Identifier Type: EUDRACT_NUMBER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

2023-510160-12-00

Identifier Type: CTIS

Identifier Source: secondary_id

ITCC-101/APAL2020D

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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