Trial Outcomes & Findings for COVID-19 Messaging for Vaccination (NCT NCT05182554)
NCT ID: NCT05182554
Last Updated: 2023-08-25
Results Overview
County-level Covid-19 vaccination rates were analysed using publicly available data. The number of new vaccinations in each county was transformed using the inverse hyperbolic sine because the underlying vaccination count data were right-skewed and included zeros. Larger numbers are considered better in the context of the study (more people vaccinated).
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
6 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
During intervention (6 weeks) and after intervention (3 weeks)
Results posted on
2023-08-25
Participant Flow
Unit of analysis: Counties
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Control
No intervention in this arm; the study team will examine publicly available county- and zip code-level outcomes in this group.
|
Treatment 1: Direct
Facebook users in the area receive ads which include videos of health professionals telling them to get vaccinated. The health professionals answer common questions about Covid-19 vaccines (e.g. are they safe / are they free).
Doctor Videos: Receive ads on Facebook or through our website with videos in which health professionals tell people to get the Covid-19 vaccine. The health professionals answer common questions about the Covid-19 vaccine, such as how mRNA vaccines work, and what types of side effects to expect.
|
Treatment 2: Friends
Facebook users in the area receive ads which include videos of health professionals encouraging them to help their friends to get vaccinated. There is also a link in the ad to a website build by the study team. This website hosts videos which answer common questions about vaccination (the same videos which are directly served to Facebook users in Treatment 1).
Doctor Videos: Receive ads on Facebook or through our website with videos in which health professionals tell people to get the Covid-19 vaccine. The health professionals answer common questions about the Covid-19 vaccine, such as how mRNA vaccines work, and what types of side effects to expect.
Sharing Videos: Receive ads on Facebook with videos in which health professionals tell people to encourage their unvaccinated friends to get the Covid-19 vaccine.
Vaccine Ambassador: Adults in participating geographic areas can sign up to be a "vaccine ambassador" on a website that the study team has built.
Video framing: Visitors to the vaccine content website will randomly receive one framing of each video ("myth" or "fact").
Video order: The order in which videos appear is randomized.
|
Treatment 3: Gossips
Facebook users in the area receive ads which include videos of health professionals encouraging them to nominate their most influential friends to help their friends get vaccinated. The difference from Treatment 2 is that the health professionals call on Facebook users to get their most influential friends to do the convincing about the vaccine. There is also a link in the ad to a website built by the study team. This website hosts videos which answer common questions about vaccination (the same videos that are directly served to Facebook users in Treatment 1).
Doctor Videos: Receive ads on Facebook or through our website with videos in which health professionals tell people to get the Covid-19 vaccine. The health professionals answer common questions about the Covid-19 vaccine, such as how mRNA vaccines work, and what types of side effects to expect.
Sharing Videos (Influencers): Receive ads on Facebook with videos in which health professionals tell people to get their most influential friends to encourage their unvaccinated friends to get the Covid-19 vaccine.
Vaccine Ambassador: Adults in participating geographic areas can sign up to be a "vaccine ambassador" on a website that the study team has built.
Video framing: Visitors to the vaccine content website will randomly receive one framing of each video ("myth" or "fact").
Video order: The order in which videos appear is randomized.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
0 417
|
0 275
|
4 274
|
2 276
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
0 417
|
0 275
|
4 274
|
2 276
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
0 0
|
0 0
|
0 0
|
0 0
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
Age data not collected
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Control
n=417 Counties
No intervention in this arm; the study team will examine publicly available county- and zip code-level outcomes in this group.
|
Treatment 1: Direct
n=275 Counties
Facebook users in the area receive ads which include videos of health professionals telling them to get vaccinated. The health professionals answer common questions about Covid-19 vaccines (e.g. are they safe / are they free).
Doctor Videos: Receive ads on Facebook or through our website with videos in which health professionals tell people to get the Covid-19 vaccine. The health professionals answer common questions about the Covid-19 vaccine, such as how mRNA vaccines work, and what types of side effects to expect.
|
Treatment 2: Friends
n=274 Counties
Facebook users in the area receive ads which include videos of health professionals encouraging them to help their friends to get vaccinated. There is also a link in the ad to a website build by the study team. This website hosts videos which answer common questions about vaccination (the same videos which are directly served to Facebook users in Treatment 1).
Doctor Videos: Receive ads on Facebook or through our website with videos in which health professionals tell people to get the Covid-19 vaccine. The health professionals answer common questions about the Covid-19 vaccine, such as how mRNA vaccines work, and what types of side effects to expect.
Sharing Videos: Receive ads on Facebook with videos in which health professionals tell people to encourage their unvaccinated friends to get the Covid-19 vaccine.
Vaccine Ambassador: Adults in participating geographic areas can sign up to be a "vaccine ambassador" on a website that the study team has built.
Video framing: Visitors to the vaccine content website will randomly receive one framing of each video ("myth" or "fact").
Video order: The order in which videos appear is randomized.
|
Treatment 3: Gossips
n=276 Counties
Facebook users in the area receive ads which include videos of health professionals encouraging them to nominate their most influential friends to help their friends get vaccinated. The difference from Treatment 2 is that the health professionals call on Facebook users to get their most influential friends to do the convincing about the vaccine. There is also a link in the ad to a website built by the study team. This website hosts videos which answer common questions about vaccination (the same videos that are directly served to Facebook users in Treatment 1).
Doctor Videos: Receive ads on Facebook or through our website with videos in which health professionals tell people to get the Covid-19 vaccine. The health professionals answer common questions about the Covid-19 vaccine, such as how mRNA vaccines work, and what types of side effects to expect.
Sharing Videos (Influencers): Receive ads on Facebook with videos in which health professionals tell people to get their most influential friends to encourage their unvaccinated friends to get the Covid-19 vaccine.
Vaccine Ambassador: Adults in participating geographic areas can sign up to be a "vaccine ambassador" on a website that the study team has built.
Video framing: Visitors to the vaccine content website will randomly receive one framing of each video ("myth" or "fact").
Video order: The order in which videos appear is randomized.
|
Total
n=1242 Counties
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
0 Counties
Ethnicity data not collected
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
0 Counties
Ethnicity data not collected
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
0 Counties
Ethnicity data not collected
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
0 Counties
Race data not collected
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
0 Counties
Race data not collected
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
0 Counties
Race data not collected
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
0 Counties
Race data not collected
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
0 Counties
Race data not collected
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
0 Counties
Race data not collected
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
0 Counties
Race data not collected
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: During intervention (6 weeks) and after intervention (3 weeks)Population: Counties were randomized into treatment groups, and outcome data are public county-level data.
County-level Covid-19 vaccination rates were analysed using publicly available data. The number of new vaccinations in each county was transformed using the inverse hyperbolic sine because the underlying vaccination count data were right-skewed and included zeros. Larger numbers are considered better in the context of the study (more people vaccinated).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Control
n=417 Counties
No intervention in this arm; the study team will examine publicly available county- and zip code-level outcomes in this group.
|
Treatment 1: Direct
n=275 Counties
Facebook users in the area receive ads which include videos of health professionals telling them to get vaccinated. The health professionals answer common questions about Covid-19 vaccines (e.g. are they safe / are they free).
Doctor Videos: Receive ads on Facebook or through our website with videos in which health professionals tell people to get the Covid-19 vaccine. The health professionals answer common questions about the Covid-19 vaccine, such as how mRNA vaccines work, and what types of side effects to expect.
|
Treatment 2: Friends
n=274 Counties
Facebook users in the area receive ads which include videos of health professionals encouraging them to help their friends to get vaccinated. There is also a link in the ad to a website build by the study team. This website hosts videos which answer common questions about vaccination (the same videos which are directly served to Facebook users in Treatment 1).
Doctor Videos: Receive ads on Facebook or through our website with videos in which health professionals tell people to get the Covid-19 vaccine. The health professionals answer common questions about the Covid-19 vaccine, such as how mRNA vaccines work, and what types of side effects to expect.
Sharing Videos: Receive ads on Facebook with videos in which health professionals tell people to encourage their unvaccinated friends to get the Covid-19 vaccine.
Vaccine Ambassador: Adults in participating geographic areas can sign up to be a "vaccine ambassador" on a website that the study team has built.
Video framing: Visitors to the vaccine content website will randomly receive one framing of each video ("myth" or "fact").
Video order: The order in which videos appear is randomized.
|
Treatment 3: Gossips
n=276 Counties
Facebook users in the area receive ads which include videos of health professionals encouraging them to nominate their most influential friends to help their friends get vaccinated. The difference from Treatment 2 is that the health professionals call on Facebook users to get their most influential friends to do the convincing about the vaccine. There is also a link in the ad to a website built by the study team. This website hosts videos which answer common questions about vaccination (the same videos that are directly served to Facebook users in Treatment 1).
Doctor Videos: Receive ads on Facebook or through our website with videos in which health professionals tell people to get the Covid-19 vaccine. The health professionals answer common questions about the Covid-19 vaccine, such as how mRNA vaccines work, and what types of side effects to expect.
Sharing Videos (Influencers): Receive ads on Facebook with videos in which health professionals tell people to get their most influential friends to encourage their unvaccinated friends to get the Covid-19 vaccine.
Vaccine Ambassador: Adults in participating geographic areas can sign up to be a "vaccine ambassador" on a website that the study team has built.
Video framing: Visitors to the vaccine content website will randomly receive one framing of each video ("myth" or "fact").
Video order: The order in which videos appear is randomized.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Changes in County-Level Covid-19 Vaccination Measured by Inverse Hyperbolic Sine
|
0 asinh(new dose 1s of vaccine)
Interval 0.0 to 0.0
|
-0.023 asinh(new dose 1s of vaccine)
Interval -0.1 to 0.055
|
-0.007 asinh(new dose 1s of vaccine)
Interval -0.081 to 0.067
|
-0.037 asinh(new dose 1s of vaccine)
Interval -0.11 to 0.034
|
Adverse Events
Control
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Treatment 1: Direct
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Treatment 2: Friends
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Treatment 3: Gossips
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place