Repurposing of Dextromethorphan as an Adjunct Therapy in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder

NCT ID: NCT05181527

Last Updated: 2023-12-22

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE4

Total Enrollment

60 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2022-02-10

Study Completion Date

2023-11-30

Brief Summary

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Therapeutic latency, lack of efficacy, and adverse drug reactions are the major concerns in current antidepressant therapies. One-third of the patients with major depressive disorder do not respond to conventional antidepressants that act through the monoaminergic system. To overcome these treatment hurdles, add-on therapy to standard antidepressant drugs may lead to better therapeutic outcomes. The recent discovery of the rapid and sustained antidepressant effect of subanesthetic dose of ketamine led to many extensive clinical and preclinical research in the recent past and has established the possibilities of NMDA receptors as a potential drug target for depression. As repeated doses of ketamine are related to abusive potential and adverse effects, the search for a similar antidepressant agent with a better safety profile is essential. Dextromethorphan has the property of noncompetitively blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (like ketamine) with additional serotonin transporter and norepinephrine transporter inhibitory action. So, the investigators expect that adding dextromethorphan to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) regimen can improve clinical outcomes in major depressive disorder. The literature search found that to date, there is no randomized controlled trial on Dextromethorphan as add-on therapy to first-line antidepressants like SSRIs. So, the present randomized controlled trial has been planned to evaluate the efficacy and safety of add-on dextromethorphan to SSRIs in major depressive disorder.

Detailed Description

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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder with a substantial socioeconomic burden with a global prevalence rate of 16%. The underlying pathophysiology of depression is still not understood completely. Among the different proposed hypotheses, the most accepted is the monoamine hypothesis which is the basis of most of the available drugs like tricyclic antidepressants, Monoamine oxidase Inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Although many medications are available, a significant proportion of patients become either non-responders or treatment-resistant depression patients.

Another major concern is the therapeutic lag period with all of these monoaminergic antidepressants. Additionally, most of the available antidepressant drugs have many adverse effects, which increase with increments in dose. The discovery of the rapid and sustained antidepressant effect of subanesthetic dose of ketamine, especially in the treatment of non-responders and treatment-resistant cases leads to many extensive clinical and preclinical research in the recent past. As repeated doses of ketamine are related to abusive potential and many other adverse effects, the search for a similar antidepressant agent is going on, which acts via a similar mechanism with a better safety profile. Dextromethorphan, an FDA-approved over-the-counter antitussive drug, has a similar property of non-competitively blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors of glutamate, like ketamine. Additionally, Dextromethorphan has serotonin transporter inhibitory and NET inhibitory properties, so it can also increase the availability of serotonin in synapses, hence may achieve a synergistic effect with SSRIs. In 2010, US-FDA approved Dextromethorphan plus quinidine (Nuedexta) for use in pseudobulbar affect (PBA), and currently, it is under investigation as a potential antidepressant agent in MDD (NCT01882829, NCT02153502). In the phase, IIa clinical trial by Murrough et al. have reported acceptable tolerability and efficacy of dextromethorphan/quinidine combination in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Another combination of Dextromethorphan and bupropion is currently in phase III clinical trial for TRD. In the present background, the investigators hypothesize that the major concerns of antidepressant therapy like therapeutic latency, lack of efficacy, and adverse drug reactions may be overcome by adding Dextromethorphan to SSRI in MDD. As SSRIs inhibit CYP2D6, the addition of quinidine with Dextromethorphan may not be reasonable and hence, not considered in the present study. The literature search found that to date, there is no randomized controlled trial on Dextromethorphan as an add-on therapy to first-line antidepressants like SSRIs. So, the present randomized controlled trial has been planned to evaluate the efficacy and safety of add-on dextromethorphan to SSRIs in major depressive disorder.

Conditions

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Major Depressive Disorder

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

TRIPLE

Participants Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Control group

Patients in the control group will get an identical-looking capsule containing placebo (starch) once daily in addition to SSRI.

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Intervention Type DRUG

Patients in both the study arms will receive SSRI for 8 weeks.

Placebo

Intervention Type DRUG

Patients in the control group will get placebo tablet once daily orally as an add-on to ongoing SSRI treatment for 8 weeks.

Test group

Patients in the test group will get Dextromethorphan 30 mg once daily orally as an add-on to ongoing SSRI treatment.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Intervention Type DRUG

Patients in both the study arms will receive SSRI for 8 weeks.

Dextromethorphan

Intervention Type DRUG

Patients in the test group will get Dextromethorphan 30 mg once daily orally as an add-on to ongoing SSRI treatment for 8 weeks.

Interventions

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Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Patients in both the study arms will receive SSRI for 8 weeks.

Intervention Type DRUG

Dextromethorphan

Patients in the test group will get Dextromethorphan 30 mg once daily orally as an add-on to ongoing SSRI treatment for 8 weeks.

Intervention Type DRUG

Placebo

Patients in the control group will get placebo tablet once daily orally as an add-on to ongoing SSRI treatment for 8 weeks.

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder of either gender within the age group of 18-65 years
* Patients with MADRS score ≥ 7 and ≤ 34 (patients having mild to moderate MDD).
* Patients who are on a stable dose of Sertraline 50 mg or any other Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) therapy in equivalent dose for less than equal to 4 weeks.
* Patients who have given written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria

* Patients who have been treated with Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT) recently.
* History of epilepsy, or other major neurological or medical disorders, head trauma.
* Patients with a history of Bipolar Depression (BPD).
* Patients with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder.
* Patients with suicidal thoughts or risk.
* Patients with cognitive impairment.
* Initiating or stopping formal psychotherapy within six weeks before enrolment.
* Patients with comorbidities like any malignancies, hepatic, renal, cardiovascular,
* neurological or endocrinal, respiratory dysfunction.
* Substance abuse history of psychoactive agents.
* Pregnant and lactating mothers.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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RITUPARNA MAITI

Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Rituparna Maiti, M.D.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

AIIMS, Bhubaneswar

Locations

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All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)

Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

Site Status

Countries

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India

References

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Wang YT, Wang XL, Feng ST, Chen NH, Wang ZZ, Zhang Y. Novel rapid-acting glutamatergic modulators: Targeting the synaptic plasticity in depression. Pharmacol Res. 2021 Sep;171:105761. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105761. Epub 2021 Jul 7.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 34242798 (View on PubMed)

Lener MS, Kadriu B, Zarate CA Jr. Ketamine and Beyond: Investigations into the Potential of Glutamatergic Agents to Treat Depression. Drugs. 2017 Mar;77(4):381-401. doi: 10.1007/s40265-017-0702-8.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 28194724 (View on PubMed)

Saavedra JS, Garrett PI, Honeycutt SC, Peterson AM, White JW, Hillhouse TM. Assessment of the rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects of dextromethorphan in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2020 Oct;197:173003. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173003. Epub 2020 Aug 2.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 32755625 (View on PubMed)

Henter ID, Park LT, Zarate CA Jr. Novel Glutamatergic Modulators for the Treatment of Mood Disorders: Current Status. CNS Drugs. 2021 May;35(5):527-543. doi: 10.1007/s40263-021-00816-x. Epub 2021 Apr 26.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 33904154 (View on PubMed)

Fogaca MV, Wu M, Li C, Li XY, Picciotto MR, Duman RS. Inhibition of GABA interneurons in the mPFC is sufficient and necessary for rapid antidepressant responses. Mol Psychiatry. 2021 Jul;26(7):3277-3291. doi: 10.1038/s41380-020-00916-y. Epub 2020 Oct 17.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 33070149 (View on PubMed)

Zanos P, Gould TD. Mechanisms of ketamine action as an antidepressant. Mol Psychiatry. 2018 Apr;23(4):801-811. doi: 10.1038/mp.2017.255. Epub 2018 Mar 13.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 29532791 (View on PubMed)

Nguyen L, Scandinaro AL, Matsumoto RR. Deuterated (d6)-dextromethorphan elicits antidepressant-like effects in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2017 Oct;161:30-37. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.09.005. Epub 2017 Sep 12.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 28916283 (View on PubMed)

Kamijima K, Kimura M, Kuwahara K, Kitayama Y, Tadori Y. Randomized, double-blind comparison of aripiprazole/sertraline combination and placebo/sertraline combination in patients with major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2018 Aug;72(8):591-601. doi: 10.1111/pcn.12663. Epub 2018 May 21.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 29660207 (View on PubMed)

Maji S, Mishra A, Mohapatra D, Mishra BR, Jena M, Srinivasan A, Maiti R. Early augmentation therapy with dextromethorphan in mild to moderate major depressive disorder: A group sequential, response adaptive randomized controlled trial. Psychiatry Res. 2024 Dec;342:116257. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116257. Epub 2024 Nov 8.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 39551007 (View on PubMed)

Maji S, Mohapatra D, Jena M, Srinivasan A, Maiti R. Repurposing of dextromethorphan as an adjunct therapy in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomised, group sequential adaptive design, controlled clinical trial protocol. BMJ Open. 2024 Apr 30;14(4):e080500. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080500.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 38688675 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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AIIMSBBSR/PGThesis/21-22/74

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id