Trial Outcomes & Findings for Immersive Virtual Reality Bicycling for Persons With Parkinson's Disease (NCT NCT05160025)
NCT ID: NCT05160025
Last Updated: 2023-12-22
Results Overview
Bicycling cadence collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz)
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
22 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
Session 1 - During the 8-minute feedback bout
Results posted on
2023-12-22
Participant Flow
Recruitment start date: October 21, 2022 First participant enrolled and completed study: October 27, 2022 Recruitment end date: February 13, 2023 Final participant enrolled and completed study: February 17, 2023
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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Overall Study
STARTED
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22
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Overall Study
COMPLETED
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22
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Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
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0
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Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
Immersive Virtual Reality Bicycling for Persons With Parkinson's Disease
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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Age, Continuous
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65.9 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.9 • n=5 Participants
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Sex: Female, Male
Female
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8 Participants
n=5 Participants
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Sex: Female, Male
Male
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13 Participants
n=5 Participants
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Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
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0 Participants
n=5 Participants
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Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
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2 Participants
n=5 Participants
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Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
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0 Participants
n=5 Participants
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Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
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0 Participants
n=5 Participants
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Race (NIH/OMB)
White
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19 Participants
n=5 Participants
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Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
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0 Participants
n=5 Participants
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Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
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0 Participants
n=5 Participants
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Region of Enrollment
United States
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21 participants
n=5 Participants
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Competitiveness (Multidimensional Competitive Orientation Inventory)
Self-Developmental Competitive Subscale
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4.3 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.4 • n=5 Participants
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Competitiveness (Multidimensional Competitive Orientation Inventory)
Hyper-Competitive Subscale
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2.0 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.9 • n=5 Participants
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Competitiveness (Multidimensional Competitive Orientation Inventory)
Anxious Subscale
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2.3 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.1 • n=5 Participants
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Competitiveness (Multidimensional Competitive Orientation Inventory)
Lack of Interest Subscale
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2.4 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.2 • n=5 Participants
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UPDRS-III Subscale
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40.43 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.7 • n=5 Participants
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Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly
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102.27 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 57.03 • n=5 Participants
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Geriatric Depression Scale (short form)
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1.29 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.7 • n=5 Participants
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PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Session 1 - During the 8-minute feedback boutBicycling cadence collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz)
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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Neuromuscular Intensity (Bicycling Cadence, Revolutions Per Minute) - Feedback
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85.44 revolutions per minute (rpm)
Standard Deviation 13.7
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PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Session 1 - During the 8-minute self-competition boutBicycling cadence collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz)
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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Neuromuscular Intensity (Bicycling Cadence, Revolutions Per Minute) - Self-Competition
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92.97 revolutions per minute (rpm)
Standard Deviation 16.3
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PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Session 1 - During the 8-minute other-competition boutBicycling cadence collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz)
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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Neuromuscular Intensity (Bicycling Cadence, Revolutions Per Minute) - Other-Competition
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93.83 revolutions per minute (rpm)
Standard Deviation 17.1
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PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Session 1 - Immediately after completing the 8-minute feedback boutIntrinsic Motivation Inventory - enjoyment, competence, effort, and value subscales (16 questions total). Scores in each subscale are averaged, with a minimum score of 1 and a maximum score of 7. Higher scores indicate higher motivation.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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Motivation (Intrinsic Motivation Inventory) - Feedback
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6.06 score on a scale
Interval 5.4 to 6.5
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PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Session 1 - Immediately after completing the 8-minute self-competition boutIntrinsic Motivation Inventory - enjoyment, competence, effort, and value subscales (16 questions total). Scores in each subscale are averaged, with a minimum score of 1 and a maximum score of 7. Higher scores indicate higher motivation.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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Motivation (Intrinsic Motivation Inventory) - Self-Competition
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6.13 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.6
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PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Session 1 - Immediately after completing the 8-minute other-competition boutIntrinsic Motivation Inventory - enjoyment, competence, effort, and value subscales (16 questions total). Scores in each subscale are averaged, with a minimum score of 1 and a maximum score of 7. Higher scores indicate higher motivation.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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Motivation (Intrinsic Motivation Inventory) - Other-Competition
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6.11 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.6
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PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Session 1 - During the 8-minute feedback boutHeart rate collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz)
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=20 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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Cardiovascular Intensity (Heart Rate, Beats Per Minute) - Feedback
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109.26 beats per minute (bpm)
Standard Deviation 9.9
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PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Session 1 - During the 8-minute self-competition boutHeart rate collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz)
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=20 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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Cardiovascular Intensity (Heart Rate, Beats Per Minute) - Self-Competition
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115.41 beats per minute (bpm)
Standard Deviation 12.6
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PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Session 1 - During the 8-minute other-competition boutHeart rate collected continuously (1 value per second, 1 Hz)
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=20 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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Cardiovascular Intensity (Heart Rate, Beats Per Minute) - Other-Competition
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114.42 beats per minute (bpm)
Standard Deviation 12.4
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PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Session 1 - During the 8-minute feedback bout3D gaze positions are measured continuously (40 values per second, 40 Hz) and valid gaze datapoints are extracted. The percentage of total valid gaze datapoints that are directed to the task are calculated as a metric of visual attention. A higher percentage reflects higher task focus, meaning that the higher percentage the higher degree of focus on the task. The reported value is measured as a percentage (%).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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Visual Attention (Infrared Eye-tracking Data Representing Gaze Positions in a 3D Coordinate Plane to be Used in Calculating Dwell Time in Regions of Interest in the Virtual Simulation) - Feedback
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76.70 percentage of total valid gazes
Interval 64.9 to 86.3
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PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Session 1 - During the 8-minute self-competition bout3D gaze positions are measured continuously (40 values per second, 40 Hz) and valid gaze datapoints are extracted. The percentage of total valid gaze datapoints that are directed to the task are calculated as a metric of visual attention. A higher percentage reflects higher task focus, meaning that the higher percentage the higher degree of focus on the task. The reported value is measured as a percentage (%).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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Visual Attention (Infrared Eye-tracking Data Representing Gaze Positions in a 3D Coordinate Plane to be Used in Calculating Dwell Time in Regions of Interest in the Virtual Simulation) - Self-Competition
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79.20 percentage of total valid gazes
Standard Deviation 8.8
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PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Session 1 - During the 8-minute other-competition bout3D gaze positions are measured continuously (40 values per second, 40 Hz) and valid gaze datapoints are extracted. The percentage of total valid gaze datapoints that are directed to the task are calculated as a metric of visual attention. A higher percentage reflects higher task focus, meaning that the higher percentage the higher degree of focus on the task. The reported value is measured as a percentage (%).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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Visual Attention (Infrared Eye-tracking Data Representing Gaze Positions in a 3D Coordinate Plane to be Used in Calculating Dwell Time in Regions of Interest in the Virtual Simulation) - Other-Competition
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77.89 percentage of total valid gazes
Standard Deviation 9.2
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SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Session 1 - Immediately at the start (0-minute mark) of the 8-minute feedback boutBorg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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Rating of Perceived Exertion - Feedback (Start)
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8.43 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.0
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SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Session 1 - At the midpoint (4-minute mark) of the 8-minute feedback boutBorg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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Rating of Perceived Exertion - Feedback (Middle)
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12.62 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.3
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SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Session 1 - At the endpoint (8-minute mark) of the 8-minute feedback boutBorg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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Rating of Perceived Exertion - Feedback (End)
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14.0 score on a scale
Interval 12.5 to 15.0
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SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Session 1 - Immediately at the start (0-minute mark) of the 8-minute self-competition boutBorg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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Rating of Perceived Exertion - Self-Competition (Start)
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8.67 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.2
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SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Session 1 - At the midpoint (4-minute mark) of the 8-minute self-competition boutBorg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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Rating of Perceived Exertion - Self-Competition (Middle)
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13.81 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.7
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SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Session 1 - At the end (8-minute mark) of the 8-minute self-competition boutBorg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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Rating of Perceived Exertion - Self-Competition (End)
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15.57 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.0
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SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Session 1 - Immediately at the start (0-minute mark) of the 8-minute other-competition boutBorg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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Rating of Perceived Exertion - Other-Competition (Start)
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9.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.2
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SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Session 1 - At the midpoint (4-minute mark) of the 8-minute other-competition boutBorg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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|---|---|
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Rating of Perceived Exertion - Other-Competition (Middle)
|
13.57 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.5
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SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Session 1 - At the end (8-minute mark) of the 8-minute other-competition boutBorg scale measures a self-report of effort collected at multiple time points to compare the 3 exercise bouts. The score ranges from 6-20 with higher scores representing higher perceived exertion.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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Rating of Perceived Exertion - Other-Competition (End)
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15.0 score on a scale
Interval 14.0 to 17.5
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SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Measured once before exercise bouts begin (after clinical assessments) (Repeat of Baseline Outcome Measure)Measured once using the Multidimensional Competitive Orientation Inventory consisting of 12 items from 4 subscales (hyper competitive, self-developmental, anxious, lack of interest) For each subscale, mean scores range from 1-6 with higher scores representing higher levels of that subscale metric.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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|---|---|
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Competitiveness (Multidimensional Competitive Orientation Inventory)
Lack of Interest Subscale
|
2.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.2
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Competitiveness (Multidimensional Competitive Orientation Inventory)
Anxious Subscale
|
2.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.1
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Competitiveness (Multidimensional Competitive Orientation Inventory)
Hyper-Competitive Subscale
|
2.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.9
|
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Competitiveness (Multidimensional Competitive Orientation Inventory)
Self-Developmental Competitive Subscale
|
4.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.4
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Session 1 - once at the end of the session. Collected upon study completion, immediately after finishing the final bicycling conditionOnce, after completing all 3 bicycling conditions, participants will be asked in which of the 3 bicycling conditions they felt they worked the hardest. They will rank the 3 conditions with a score from 1-3, with a 1 indicating the condition in which they felt they worked the hardest and a 3 indicating the condition in which they felt they worked the least hard.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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|---|---|
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Ranking of Perceived Effort
Reported Competition against Self Condition as Most Effortful
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11 Participants
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Ranking of Perceived Effort
Reported Competition against Others Condition as Most Effortful
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8 Participants
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Ranking of Perceived Effort
Reported Feedback Condition as Most Effortful
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2 Participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Session 1 - once at the end of the session. Collected upon study completion, immediately after finishing the final bicycling conditionOnce, after completing all 3 bicycling conditions, participants will be asked which of the 3 bicycling conditions they liked the best. They will rank the 3 conditions with a score from 1-3, with a 1 indicating the condition they liked the best and a 3 indicating the condition they liked the least.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
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|---|---|
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Ranking of Enjoyment
Liked the Competition against Self Condition the Best
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8 Participants
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Ranking of Enjoyment
Liked the Competition against Others Condition the Best
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7 Participants
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Ranking of Enjoyment
Liked the Feedback Condition the Best
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6 Participants
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SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Session 1 - once at the end of the session. Collected upon study completion, immediately after finishing the final bicycling conditionOnce, after completing all 3 bicycling conditions, participants will be asked about their exercise experience. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of recordings were not conducted. However, sample quotes representing constructs of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory will be included in future publications.
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: Collected once at start of the session (Repeat of Baseline Outcome Measure)Description of Motor Performance Scored from 0-108 a lower score is better outcome
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
|
|---|---|
|
UPDRS-III Subscale
|
40.43 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.7
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: Collected once at start of the session (Repeat of Baseline Outcome Measure)Exercise Inventory Questionnaire to measure levels of physical activity. Scores range from 0-793, and higher scores represent higher levels of physical activity over the past 7 days.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
|
|---|---|
|
Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly
|
102.27 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 57.0
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: Collected once during screening (Repeat of Baseline Outcome Measure)15 item inventory to rate depression (scored from 0-15 with a lower score being better)
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Virtual Reality Bicycling
n=21 Participants
This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
Virtual reality bicycling: This is a single arm study in which all participants will execute the same three bicycling tasks over one session. Exercise intensity and enjoyment are measured while participants bicycle in a virtual reality environment (wearing virtual reality goggles) in three different conditions lasting approximately 8 minutes each.
|
|---|---|
|
Geriatric Depression Scale (Short Form)
|
1.29 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.7
|
Adverse Events
Virtual Reality Bicycling
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place