Naunehal - Integrated Immunization & MNCH Interventions; A Quasi-Experimental Study
NCT ID: NCT05135637
Last Updated: 2021-11-26
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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UNKNOWN
8100 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2021-02-01
2022-06-30
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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Intervention Strategies Naunehal aims to improve health service delivery and enhance uptake, by focusing on four main intervention strategies to be implemented in all three target UCs; community mobilization to enhance awareness and demand, mobile health teams offering MNCH and immunization services, engagement of private sector to increase immunization coverage and testing of a comprehensive health, nutrition, growth, and immunization app, Sehat Nishani. The target group of the project include women of reproductive age (WRA) (15-49 years) and children under-five residing in the UCs.
Community engagement and mobilization will include dissemination of comprehensive messaging on promotion of routine childhood immunization, ideal breastfeeding practices, handwashing, best possible sanitary practices, COVID-prevention, optimal diarrheal management with oral rehydration therapy and zinc supplementation, and appropriate care seeking for both pregnant women and young children. The messages will be communicated via health promotion materials, health awareness sessions, and mosque announcements. Announcements would especially encourage the community for routine childhood immunization and to utilize Naunehal mobile health service, the engaged private practitioners' clinics or government facilities for immunization. An integral step of the community engagement process would be to map and consult with opinion leaders and influential community members, to introduce the project and gain their support for the activities.
Mobile health services (MHS) will be deployed in each of the three pilot UCs, with one team per UC in this pilot phase. Each mobile team will have a female physician, a female vaccinator, and a facilitator and will visit pre-determined areas of the UC daily, for 06 days per week for 12 months. The locations will keep rotating, with an effort to focus on underserved areas where access to and coverage of health facilities is limited. The team will ensure that all COVID-19 -prevention recommendations of the government are followed.
The MHS will provide basic health services, immunization, and health and nutrition counselling targeted towards neonates, young children under-five and WRAs. The services provided by the team are limited to those already approved and recommended by the Pakistan government. Consent will be taken from caregivers and participants so that details on services delivered can be shared and utilized in study analysis. Participants will receive services regardless of whether consent is given or not. Personal identifiers will be removed from data.
The project does not anticipate any major adverse event as routine vaccines are widely used safely. However, guidance will be provided to the team physician on steps to follow in case of an adverse event, including providing emergency medication, stabilization, subsequent referral to a health facility if needed, following up on the child, and directive to return to camp after 24-48 hours for check up. Serious and/or unexpected adverse events will be evaluated and reported to Aga Khan University (AKU) and SickKids. The information on all events will be collected, assessed, and reported on CRFs (Case Report Forms) through routine reporting. If any subject suffers any injury while receiving care, he/she will receive free of cost appropriate care as required and the organization will bear the cost of this care.
Private Sector Engagement is an innovative strategy the project will introduce in the intervention UCs. Naunehal aims to create a replicable model of private sector engagement that can be adopted by the government for long-term sustainability. Private sector healthcare providers (HCPs) including medical practitioners and physicians in the target UCs will be taken on board to increase coverage of routine immunization and improve the quality of maternal and child health services. HCPs will offer age-appropriate routine vaccination, including missed doses, to all under-five children visiting their clinics.
Identification of HCPs will occur during the line listing of the baseline survey, and the engaged HCPs will be trained in collaboration with the District Health Office and the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI). Training will primarily focus on immunization of neonates and young children as per the schedule and methods endorsed by EPI. Safety protocols, cold chain maintenance and vaccination recordkeeping will be an integral component of the training program. As well, the HCPs will be trained on use of Naunehal health promotion materials as well as counselling.
Project team will liaison with EPI to arrange vaccines for the private practitioners and supply them on a regular, as-needed basis. The arrangement will ensure that vaccines are ready to be picked up or delivered on a pre-determined day from the EPI office with cold-chain maintenance preparations to the practitioners' clinic. These will include BCG, oral polio vaccine (OPV), injectable polio vaccine (IPV), Pentavalent, Pneumococcal, Measles and Rotavirus vaccines.
An incentive for the practitioners would be that they would receive much promotion and exposure within the UC, during community mobilization and public announcements. As well, it will be an opportunity for them to build linkages with the community and with government partners.
Sehat Nishani App will be launched in the three intervention UCs to assess the feasibility of adopting a birth, health, and immunization app to create a vaccination database and capture information on birth, birth weight, nutrition and growth records essential for follow up of the cohort. Lady health workers (LHWs), lady health visitors (LHVs) in government health facilities, EPI vaccinators and partnering HCPs will be engaged to use the Sehat Nishani app on their existing Android phones.
The health workers will receive the necessary orientation and training to use the app and will receive technical support if needed from the project team. Health workers will have app access via a unique login identity (ID) and password and thus, the app will not be publicly accessible. Data from a single family will be linked via a unique Family ID also accessible via an assigned QR code. While LHWs and HCPs will enter both vaccination and health data for under-two children and WRAs, the vaccinators will only enter vaccination data. Health data for children will include birth history, nutritional history, growth record, and an illness record. For WRAs, in addition to the nutritional and illness history, the app will be designed to record details on antenatal care, delivery and postnatal care. Caregivers would be able to log in to the app with their unique ID number and see their child's record without making any changes or entering any information.
App records will be stored in a cloud-based central database managed by AKU, where child health and nutrition data, vaccinator performance, vaccination rates, children overdue for vaccination, and under-immunized areas can be identified.
Monitoring and Impact Evaluation
Naunehal will undergo rigorous monitoring and evaluation, which will include the following activities. As mentioned, household surveys will be conducted at baseline and at then at the end of the project to assess the impact of interventions.
The Mother \& Child Care Trust (MCCT) will conduct an independent monitoring and evaluation of the project. MCCT will track the impact of the project using a range of indicators including the number of births registered, birth dose of OPV and BCG received, receipt rates of pneumococcal conjugate (PCV) and measles vaccine, full immunization rates, and zero dose cases.
A household baseline, midline and endline assessment will be conducted for evaluating coverage of interventions as well as the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the community in the maternal, neonatal and child health (MNCH) and COVID-19 context.
The inclusion criteria for a household would include consent from the family, at least one child less than 5 years of age in the household, and that the family has been living in that particular high-risk UC for at least 6 months (including the child in the household) prior to the day of the interview. However, the household will be eligible even if the only child in household was born in the last six months. Any household where a parent or caregiver is not available to answer questions related to the child's health and immunization, will be excluded. Data collected will be processed and analyzed at the AKU, Karachi.
The surveys will help to develop a comprehensive picture of population distribution, health intervention and immunization coverage for children under-5 years. The baseline will also serve as the basis for targeting and tracking progress. Given the enormous impact that COVID-19 related mitigation strategies have had on routine health services such as antenatal care, childbirth services, immunizations and care seeking, this baseline assessment will also assess bottlenecks and help tailor possible approaches to address these issues.
Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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OTHER
PROSPECTIVE
Study Groups
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Kharotabad 1 - Intervention Union Council (UC)
UC where all interventions (mobile health services, community mobilization, private practitioner engagement and test of Sehat Nishani app) will take place, and the UC will undergo a baseline, midline and endline survey.
Mobile health services
Mobile health services (MHS) will be deployed with one team per UC. MHS will focus on underserved areas to provide basic health services, immunization, \& health and nutrition counseling for under-five children \& WRAs.
Private practitioner engagement for immunization
Private healthcare providers (HCPs) will be taken on board to increase coverage of immunization. HCPs will offer routine vaccination to all under-five children visiting their clinics. Project team will liaison with EPI to arrange vaccines for them.
Community engagement and mobilization
Community engagement \& mobilization will focus on immunization, breastfeeding practices, \& optimal care-seeking for both pregnant women and young children. Opinion leaders will be engaged to gain support for activities.
Sehat Nishani - a health, nutrition and immunization app
Sehat Nishani App will be launched to assess feasibility of a health, \& immunization app to capture information on birth, nutrition, immunization \& growth records. Lady health workers (LHWs), lady health visitors (LHVs) in government health facilities, EPI vaccinators \& HCPs will be engaged to use app.
Ward 11 - Control UC
UC where no interventions will be done but the UC will undergo a baseline, midline and endline survey.
No interventions assigned to this group
Bhana Mari - Intervention UC
UC where all interventions (mobile health services, community mobilization, private practitioner engagement and test of Sehat Nishani app) will take place, and the UC will undergo a baseline, midline and endline survey.
Mobile health services
Mobile health services (MHS) will be deployed with one team per UC. MHS will focus on underserved areas to provide basic health services, immunization, \& health and nutrition counseling for under-five children \& WRAs.
Private practitioner engagement for immunization
Private healthcare providers (HCPs) will be taken on board to increase coverage of immunization. HCPs will offer routine vaccination to all under-five children visiting their clinics. Project team will liaison with EPI to arrange vaccines for them.
Community engagement and mobilization
Community engagement \& mobilization will focus on immunization, breastfeeding practices, \& optimal care-seeking for both pregnant women and young children. Opinion leaders will be engaged to gain support for activities.
Sehat Nishani - a health, nutrition and immunization app
Sehat Nishani App will be launched to assess feasibility of a health, \& immunization app to capture information on birth, nutrition, immunization \& growth records. Lady health workers (LHWs), lady health visitors (LHVs) in government health facilities, EPI vaccinators \& HCPs will be engaged to use app.
Sheikh Junaidabad - Control UC
UC where no interventions will be done but the UC will undergo a baseline, midline and endline survey.
No interventions assigned to this group
Bakhmal Ahmedzai - Intervention UC
UC where all interventions (mobile health services, community mobilization, private practitioner engagement and test of Sehat Nishani app) will take place, and the UC will undergo a baseline, midline and endline survey.
Mobile health services
Mobile health services (MHS) will be deployed with one team per UC. MHS will focus on underserved areas to provide basic health services, immunization, \& health and nutrition counseling for under-five children \& WRAs.
Private practitioner engagement for immunization
Private healthcare providers (HCPs) will be taken on board to increase coverage of immunization. HCPs will offer routine vaccination to all under-five children visiting their clinics. Project team will liaison with EPI to arrange vaccines for them.
Community engagement and mobilization
Community engagement \& mobilization will focus on immunization, breastfeeding practices, \& optimal care-seeking for both pregnant women and young children. Opinion leaders will be engaged to gain support for activities.
Sehat Nishani - a health, nutrition and immunization app
Sehat Nishani App will be launched to assess feasibility of a health, \& immunization app to capture information on birth, nutrition, immunization \& growth records. Lady health workers (LHWs), lady health visitors (LHVs) in government health facilities, EPI vaccinators \& HCPs will be engaged to use app.
Pahar Khel Thal
UC where no interventions will be done but the UC will undergo a baseline, midline and endline survey.
No interventions assigned to this group
Interventions
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Mobile health services
Mobile health services (MHS) will be deployed with one team per UC. MHS will focus on underserved areas to provide basic health services, immunization, \& health and nutrition counseling for under-five children \& WRAs.
Private practitioner engagement for immunization
Private healthcare providers (HCPs) will be taken on board to increase coverage of immunization. HCPs will offer routine vaccination to all under-five children visiting their clinics. Project team will liaison with EPI to arrange vaccines for them.
Community engagement and mobilization
Community engagement \& mobilization will focus on immunization, breastfeeding practices, \& optimal care-seeking for both pregnant women and young children. Opinion leaders will be engaged to gain support for activities.
Sehat Nishani - a health, nutrition and immunization app
Sehat Nishani App will be launched to assess feasibility of a health, \& immunization app to capture information on birth, nutrition, immunization \& growth records. Lady health workers (LHWs), lady health visitors (LHVs) in government health facilities, EPI vaccinators \& HCPs will be engaged to use app.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Resident of the target union council for at least six months (unless the child was born in the last six months)
* Caretaker/parent give consent to participate
Exclusion Criteria
* Household has no child less than five years
* Under-five child has moved to union council in past six months
59 Months
FEMALE
Yes
Sponsors
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Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
OTHER
Aga Khan University
OTHER
The Hospital for Sick Children
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Zulfiqar Bhutta
Co-Director, Centre for Global Child Health
Principal Investigators
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Zulfiqar Bhutta
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
SickKids Centre for Global Child Health
Locations
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Trust for Vaccines and Immunization
Karachi, , Pakistan
Countries
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References
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Ataullahjan A, Khan A, Islam M, Tahir R, Anwar S, Ahmed I, Nauman A, Bhutta ZA. NAUNEHAL; Integrated immunization and MNCH interventions: A quasi-experimental study-Protocol. PLoS One. 2023 Jun 29;18(6):e0287722. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287722. eCollection 2023.
Other Identifiers
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Naunehal Project
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id